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We aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Perceived Barriers of Mammography Scale (PBMS-23). Based on a mixed method design researchers generated item pool through qualitative data and literature review and next, 500 women ages 40 to 69 years completed the questionnaire. Based on exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis, 23 items, researchers revealed eight domains of fate and destiny, breast conflict, defense avoidance, inconveniences/difficulties of mammography screening, contrasting/competing priorities, fear, distrust of mammography, and lack of knowledge with appropriate fitness for the data. PBMS-23 is valid and reliable instrument for assessing perceived barriers of mammography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in the preparation of middle-aged individuals for healthy old age can empower them to surmount the challenges aging. This study was conducted to create and assess the reliability and validity of a scale designed to measure the readiness of middle-aged individuals for healthy aging, referred to as the Middle-Age Preparation Scale for Healthy Aging (MPHA). The research employed a mixed sequential exploratory design. During the qualitative phase, items for the questionnaire were generated by reviewing existing literature and conducting interviews with participants. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated by analyzing its face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability. The reliability and validity of the MPHA were tested with a sample of 440 middle-aged individuals in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. The statistical analyses performed included exploratory factor analysis, measures of internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Initially, the item pool contained 80 items, which was narrowed down to 44 items during the face and content validation phase. The structural validity assessment resulted in a final 33-item scale, encompassing five factors associated with preparation for healthy aging: financial preparation, maintenance and promotion of physical and mental health, psychological preparation, sustaining communication, and planning productive leisure time. These factors explained 60.37% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall MPHA was 0.90, and ranged from 0.79 to 0.91 for the five subscales. The MPHA exhibited satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing preparation for healthy aging in the Iranian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to evaluate nursing students' attitudes toward home care to improve home health nursing profession and increase the number of nursing students willing to work in home care in the future. However, there is no valid and reliable scale for measuring attitudes toward this care method in Iran. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Attitude Scale for Home Care (ASHC) for nursing students. Data were collected from 280 nursing students. A methodological study was conducted to assess face, content and construct validity and reliability. The results showed good content validity. Only item 17 was considered unfavorable and was omitted. After excluding three items in the confirmatory factor analysis, a 25-item model with good fit indices was obtained. Cronbach's alpha showed a high internal consistency. This is a valid and reliable scale for assessing nursing students' attitudes toward home care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-6) is a valid and reliable scale for assessing problematic pornography use. However, due to the lack of a single definition and gold standard assessment for problematic pornography use, a valid multilingual instrument can help establish standard diagnostic criteria. This cross-sectional study enrolled 115 randomly selected men and women who filled out an online questionnaire in 2021. After translating and back-translating the questionnaire, we assessed face, content, construct validity, and reliability. The results indicated excellent face validity (impact score >1.5 for every item on the questionnaire), content validity (S-CVI/Ave = 0.95 and I-CV = 0.89–1 for all the items using the K* method) and construct validity (KMO = 0.67, Sig = p < 0.001). The construct validity results indicated that the PPCS-6 included two factors in the Iranian population. The scale also had excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.97, intra-cluster correlation coefficients = 0.97, 95%CI (0.92–0.98)(. Due to the acceptable validity and reliability of the Persian version of PPCS-6, this scale can be used in large-scale studies where several instruments are employed, and there is often a time limitation. The psychometric examination of this instrument can contribute to achieving a unified concept and assessment of problematic pornography use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The signed donor card is an important method to overcome the shortage of organs for transplantation. A valid and reliable scale is necessary to have with the development of interventions to increase the signed donor card. This study aimed to develop and psychometric testing of the Signed Donor Card (SDC) in an Islamic society. This methodological study was conducted in Hamadan city, Iran in 2018 on 600 employees of offices. A 46-item scale was developed. It was assessed by face, content, and construct validities. Reliability was examined using the calculation of the Cronbach's α and test–retest method. The SPSS software version 22 and Mplus version 7.4 were used for data analysis. Our scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.58–0.93) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.76). The fitness indices for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the model fit was good. CFA revealed nine standalone components including attitude, subjective norms, intention, anticipated regret, descriptive norms, perceived control, knowledge, non-cognitive beliefs, and religious beliefs. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were established. This study provided evidence concerning the validity and reliability of SDC scale. It can be used for the development and implementation of effective interventions for increasing signed donor card with the consideration of contextual and cultural situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]