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Doctoral candidates are the important fundament and potential of any given discipline. Their doctoral dissertations are not only a valuable academic resource, but also a barometer of the development of a discipline that should not be overlooked. This research adopts a quantitative method from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. We reviewed the research topics, methods and theoretical basis of the communication doctoral dissertations (n = 487) in a sample of eight selected universities in mainland China from 2001 to 2018. The result shows that these dissertations have an extensive topic preference and gradually formed a more distinct research paradigm, while critical thinking and a deeper exploration of theory still need to be cultivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I reconstruct the views on historical progress of two nineteenth-century English-speaking philosophical women, Harriet Martineau (1802–76) and Frances Power Cobbe (1822–1904). Martineau and Cobbe put forward theories of progress which I classify as versions of teleological progressivism. Their theories are bound up with their accounts of different world civilizations and religions, and their advancement towards either Christianity, for Cobbe, or through and beyond Christianity towards secularization, for Martineau. After explaining the overall nature of teleological progressivism in the Victorian era and locating Cobbe and Martineau within this intellectual context (Section 1), I turn to the details of Martineau's version of teleological progressivism (Section 2), then Cobbe's initial version (Section 3) followed by her second, revised version (Section 4). I then draw out some conclusions about the shared structure of Martineau's and Cobbe's forms of teleological progressivism and its complicated connections with Eurocentrism and colonialism (Section 5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history and philosophy of the growth of engineering knowledge is under-developed – the nearest one can get is the progress of science. That history shows the falsity of Carmichael's assertion that the absence of an agreed set of meanings for systems terms will hold-back the development of Civil Engineering Systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The standard interpretation of Jacob Viner's seminal essay on mercantilism, 'Power versus Plenty' (1948), locates it within a prolonged discussion over economic theory, historiography, and policy that originated from the late nineteenth century. Challenging this temporal context conventionally assumed, this article argues that Viner's historical study is best understood in close relation with his preoccupations in the 1940s: U.S. grand strategy. Specifically, it examines the interplay of historiographical and foreign policy discourses in the 1940s by tracing the trajectory of Viner's intellectual enterprise from history to strategy of economic statecraft. By surveying the forgotten origins of 'Power versus Plenty' in the years between 1944 and 1946, it shows that Viner's rationale in writing the essay went beyond his scholarly interest in the past. His ultimate aim was to support the new interventionist argument that power politics was indispensable to realise the liberal internationalist vision of world order. In fact, Viner made active use of history not only to shape the strategic vision of U.S. foreign policy, but also police the boundaries of realistic foreign policy. This allowed him to discredit the socialist internationalist critique against the Truman Doctrine and to put financial power at the crux of U.S. grand strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2019, the European Parliament adopted a resolution that sparked controversy due to its equation of Nazism and Communism. The document made the USSR jointly responsible for the outbreak of the Second World War and accused the Russian government of whitewashing communist crimes and glorifying the Soviet totalitarian regime. This article presents the resolution as the latest expression of a broader discursive process that started with the accession process of the Central and Eastern European countries. To support this hypothesis, I examine the genealogy of the resolution, namely the documents that originally outlined the stances expressed by the latter, as well as the debates at the EU Parliament that preceded its adoption. This analysis highlights in particular two fundamental tendencies, i.e. the entanglement of history and memory characterising the recent discourse on European integration and the frequent identification of the Central and Eastern European member states as victims. In the final paragraphs, I suggest that the construction of a shared 'historical memory' may represent a legitimising framework for the implementation of specific sets of political and economic ideas, but I also note that processes such as the one described in the article may ultimately damage the cohesion among the member states and the ability of the EU institutions to address relevant internal and external issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the Manchester and Salford Whit Walks, a Church of England Whitsuntide procession, this research adopts della Dora's concept of the infrasecular to interpret the interstitiality of the religious or civic nature of leisure experiences in the urban context. Processional walking at Whitsuntide originated as a pre-industrial custom that was simultaneously a religious and a leisure practice. However, with the decline of religion the meanings the Whit Walks have changed in a number of dimensions. Using the lens of infrasecular geography, this research explored the ways in which these Walks have remade sacred space in the secular city through an historical account of their evolution, interviews with participants and observation. The research re-emphasises the continuing importance of custom to contemporary leisure practice and through the infrasecular lens enables new insights into the dynamics of the historical spaces of leisure practice. The study concludes that religion remains an important influence on leisure and that the concept of the infrasecular merits further investigation in leisure practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) was introduced in China more than 60 years ago and has grown continuously since then. Now China leads the first of the world in number of patients on PD. In this manuscript a brief review of the history of peritoneal dialysis in China is presented; this includes a description of pioneers and their important contributions, discussion of peritoneal dialysate, the technique of the use of Tenckhoff catheter, the use of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and dialysis registration. Current ongoing PD research activities among Chinese PD academicians are also discussed. Finally, we present four areas of future focus: 1) the promotion of PD in rural areas where PD use is still very limited due to the lack of PD awareness and education; 2) PD quality management and continuous quality improvement (CQI) program particularly focusing on PD adequacy and patient rehabilitation; 3) development and enforcement of national standards on PD management; 4) multi-center studies to compare the benefits of PD and hemodialysis (HD) that should include survival, rehabilitation and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The philosophy of sports is a relatively young discipline in China which we argue, can be divided into four stages of development over the past four decades. This paper attempts to map the history of this development and provide an indication of how Chinese sport philosophy has contributed to the global development of research in this area. Stage one (1980–1985) focused primarily on ontological issues such as the nature of sport philosophy and the definition of '体育' (Chinese pinyin 'tiyu', a term refering to sports, physical education and other physical activities). Stage two (1986–1996) saw an expansion of research and publications in sport philosophy that encompassed a variety of topic areas, including ethics and aesthetics. Scholars also began to introduce foreign works into their own research as well as turning to the traditional Chinese bodies of thought such as, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, to explore philosophical issues in sport. The third stage was a period of relative stagnation (1997–2003) until Chinese sport philosophy expanded steadily, arguably thanks to the awarding of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Over the past 15 years (the fourth stage), Chinese sport philosophy has made further contributions in ontological, ethical and aesthetic study of sports, which is shown in the increasing number of new doctoral dissertations, books and journal papers published. However, it still faces challenges. In recent years, there have been fewer conferences or symposiums on sport philosophy which has led to a decline in academic exchanges, resulting in a divided focus of resources rather than progression within a common community of academic interests. For this to be rectified, there needs to be greater opportunities for academic exchange and dialogue as well as the creation of professional associations and journals for Chinese sport philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the existence of distinctively Black names in the antebellum era. Building on recent research that documents the existence of a national naming pattern for African American males in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Cook, Logan, and Parman, Explorations in Economic History 53:64–82, 2014), we analyze three distinct and novel antebellum data sources and uncover three stylized facts. First, the Black names identified by Cook, Logan and Parman using post-Civil War data are common names among Blacks before Emancipation. Second, these same Black names are racially distinctive in the antebellum period. Third, the racial distinctiveness of the names increases from the early 1800s to the time of the Civil War. Taken together, these facts provide support for the claim that Black naming patterns existed in the antebellum era and that racial distinctiveness in naming patterns was an established practice well before Emancipation. These findings further challenge the view that Black names are a product of twentieth century phenomena such as the Civil Rights Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opening with a reflection on lesbian invisibility, "Lesbian Vitality: A Provocation" challenges the idea of lesbian erasure, particularly when it is used in relationship to transgender people. Arguing for a multiplicity of lesbian identities and spaces for capacious lesbian formations, the author draws from the history of the periodical Sinister Wisdom and her experiences editing it to call for lesbian vitality as an alternative to erasure and as a focus for lesbian and queer women's community-making and cultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher education in the time of the covid is unpredictable indeed. Fifty years ago, a major political overhaul of initial teacher education removed control from state education departments and began the transition of ITE to a university discipline. This led to the emergence of the teacher education professional, and the need for an association such as ATEA to maintain self-regulation and development of the field. While "on the ground" the daily practice of teacher education may not feel the same as it did in 1971, when we think about our possible futures, we argue that we must always take account of our pasts – and how they have shaped the social, political, and educational contexts we do and will experience. The things we do as teacher educators, along with how we do them, where we do them, and even who we do them with, are always changing: attention to our history is essential as we imagine shaping our future. We are indeed in an unpredictable position. We revisit our history here to argue that there is benefit now, in listening to advice from the past – and considering the possibilities of a road not yet taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gin is far more than just a juniper-flavored alcoholic beverage distilled or infused with botanicals. This spirit boasts an incredibly rich (albeit tumultuous) cultural and social history, and its identity has shifted considerably over the centuries. Born as a medical treatment in the eleventh century, rising in popularity, especially in the Low Countries and in Germany, between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and held up as a material signifier of Englishness by the end of the seventeenth century, gin spawned a plague in England as the country transitioned to an era of modernization. It subsequently evolved from a symbol of English hegemony during colonialism to the spirit that is shaping the contemporary global drinking culture more than any other today. In this essay, we retrace the history of gin from the beginning to the present and recount how this spirit became a marketplace icon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perhaps, today we can reverse Hegel's objective idealist formula in The Philosophy of History. It is not reason but foolery that rules the world and foolery is the false-true, eternally apparent and the absolutely powerful. The Fool in 'thought', orientation, action and expression (destruction of the planet, submission to traditional and modern hierarchies, deification of private property, granting free movement to corporates and capital over beings, mass caging of the vulnerable, populism, virtual lynching, 'cancel culture', hoarding toilet paper and canola oil, etc.) poses an existential social and planetary threat. All of this begs the urgent question, who is the being that commits to such acts? And, what social forces, processes and apparatuses give birth to or encourage the emergence of this being? In other words, who or what is the Fool, and what is their tomfoolery? Here via a historical materialist account I put forward eleven ontological, epistemological and ethical theses on what constitutes, manufactures and defines the properties of the Fool. It would seem that foolishness is one subset of the set of alienation derived from statist hierarchical relations and the regime of private property. A Fool is always alienated but an alienated being is not necessarily a Fool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a summary history and critique of the development and implementation of restorative justice in the Queensland youth justice system through an analysis of official data and documentary sources. The paper focuses on policy changes, including government responses to program reviews, issues regarding the availability of conferencing, connections between conferencing and prevention and program transparency and accountability. The study provides several important lessons applicable across jurisdictions. The main finding was that conferencing in Queensland remains substantially underutilised. This was associated in large part with the discretionary gatekeeping role of police, the absence of a systematic and comprehensive consultation process with victims and accused persons and governments ignoring the science of restorative justice. In terms of prevention, the study identifies the need for a more integrated approach involving conferencing, risk assessments and the post-conference supervision and welfare needs of offenders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the special issue on 'Material Encounters' by addressing the praxis of materiality across time, disciplines, areas of study, and technologies. We use the metonyms of track and trace and the distinction of objects and things to disentangle ways in which materials and understandings of the material mediate dynamic encounters with specific people or places, particularly in Oceania. These material encounters generate diverse, unstable forms of knowing on all sides, through the uneven flux of human embodiment (in encounters) and embodied materialization (in object, inscription, representation, memorialization). We juxtapose the assumed, if increasingly challenged priority of materials in object-oriented fields such as archaeology and museology; the reflective revival of material culture studies and the 'material turn' in anthropology from around 1990; and the belated recognition of the salience of materials and materialities by historians, whose craft depends on present material traces of the pasts they seek to elucidate. With reference to the agency of persons, places, time, or things, we stress the plurality of materialities and their related ontologies, and the qualities of movement, instability, and incompletion inherent in all encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thematically, this article tracks European imagining, 'discovery', naming, and mapping of the geographical space between modern Papua New Guinea and Australia – called Torres Strait since the 1770s – and the local encounters with places and people which enabled or constrained that knowing from the early sixteenth century. The methodological focus is materiality. This cartographic knowledge was generated empirically in embodied encounters; materialized in charts, writings, or drawings; reinscribed materially in maps and globes; and translated into virtual materiality via high resolution digital imaging. The theoretical focus is time. Suspending awareness of later outcomes and nomenclatures, I approximate pasts as they might have seemed to diverse contemporary protagonists. This anti-teleological history is nonetheless episodic and chronologically sequential. I conclude by acknowledging other chrono-logics – Indigenous, Ethnographic, Archaeological, and digital – which enfold that conventional trajectory and qualify or disrupt History's linear temporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the historical dynamics that sustain organizational identity in long-living family firms. We do so through the analysis of the case of fifteen family-run restaurants located in São Paulo, Brazil. We discuss different modes of history use regarding identity preservation that fundament four main history-based strategies: Perpetuating family history; conserving the firm's identity as a family business; creating the sense of sharing a common past; and restoring traditions. These strategies seem to be specific of the organizational form investigated and contribute to advancing our understanding of rhetorical history in the context of family business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Economist is the only major news brand today that has remained true to the tradition of anonymity with which it was born in the mid-nineteenth century. As an exception, but also as a journalistic model admired and respected around the world, The Economist's long practice of anonymity, and the reasons that, at different times in its history, have led it to maintain that tradition, despite going against the tide, have interesting readings today from a journalistic perspective. At the same time, the analysis of how the publication has managed to relax, little by little, the no bylines rule in order to adapt to an era of increasing visibility and transparency, without losing the basic virtues of anonymity, serves as good example of the interest in managing in a strategic way personal and collective identities into the newsrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a further exploration of the phenomenon of historic country houses repurposed as private schools. In a previous paper it was shown that 55 English private schools within the Headmasters and Headmistresses Conference and the Girls' Schools Association are partially housed within former country houses. This paper investigates some of the possible motivations for schools choosing to occupy such redundant country houses. There are a number of obvious reasons, such as their availability at low cost with appropriate facilities that could be readily used by the schools, but in some cases, it was found that the country house's historic associations with arts, culture, and learning were a particular motivation for repurposing into schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the turn of the twentieth century, town planning and public health ideals coalesced, with health and environmental reformers working in concert to promote goals of healthy and sanitary towns for all. Focussing on South Australia, this article demonstrates how pulmonary tuberculosis lay at the heart of many strategies suggested by doctors, sanitarians, architects, and advocates for the nascent town planning profession. Tuberculosis, as the biggest killer of that era, had no cure, so prevention and treatment relied on behavioural and environmental interventions. Light, air and space were central to treatment regimens, with the trio also forming the basis for the environmental planning qualities put forward by town planning reformers who hoped to create a preventative environment. Reformers believed they could achieve healthier living conditions and help conquer tuberculosis through the means of housing improvement, slum clearance, open space provision and street layout with all of these combining in garden city and suburb design. This article explores the work of health and town planning advocates in South Australia in order to uncover just how much the fight against tuberculosis influenced the beginnings of the crusade for town planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The late American-South African historian Bill Freund wrote many works in an historical approach to urbanization and the environment, places and people, primarily on African cities. This article commemorates his intellectual contributions on African cities as well as urban South Africa more particularly. His work raises themes of interest for global urban and planning history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction discusses key elements in the connections between narrative and experience from the viewpoints of narratology and historical studies. The linguistic turn and the several narrative turns have brought narratology and historiography close together, and a key concept in this development has been experience. Postclassical narratology emphasizes experientiality as the core of narrative, and new trends in historiography foreground the salience of experience in social and cultural history. We consider how historical narratives can be located and interpreted, assess cooperation between narratology and history, and suggest possible lines for further collaboration. Whereas the linguistic turn in historical scholarship has produced extensive theoretical and philosophical discussions on the premises of writing history, we aim to promote a methodological application of recent narratological approaches to history that will help to answer concrete empirical questions. Simultaneously, historical research turns out to be a useful partner for narratological analysis, providing a necessary understanding of time- and situation-bound contexts for interpreting particular narratives and even more, showing that narratological schemes and models of explanations are not universal, but historically constituted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

African grassy biomes evolved together with fire and have a long history of human manipulation of fire, yet few rangeland studies acknowledge the role of prehistoric fire in shaping contemporary ecological patterns. Nevertheless, prehistoric fire records have been used elsewhere as invaluable environmental contexts for practitioners in fire management, ecosystem restoration and climate change. Therefore, our aim is to collate prehistoric sedimentary charcoal studies from southern African grassy biomes and bring them to the attention of practitioners. We discuss how long-term data contribute to fire ecology and ecosystem functioning. Importantly, this contribution aims to give a reference point for stakeholders working at different temporal and spatial scales to improve our understanding and management of grassy ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article challenges the common understanding of Thailand's ethnic divide as marked by unfamiliarity and an absolute difference between Thai society and the hill tribes in the country's north. Much scholarship has overlooked how the negotiation of diversity and complexity has been foundational to Thai and other Southeast Asian societies and cultures for millennia. An ideology of ethnically singular and exclusive Thai identity framed the historical context in which Lucien Hanks initially wrote about Thai social life and its logics. I draw on his later work, particularly the research he conducted with Jane R. Hanks in the northern hills, to revisit diversity in Thai society and history. Hanks identified merit and power as the key principles of the Thai social order. A third notion, parity, enables inclusive and diverse social networks. It offers an indigenous challenge to any association of Thai identity, worldview, or social organisation with intolerance and ethnic chauvinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper brings together the ideas of three writers from the 1880s who argued for an enhanced status for history in the school curriculum. Although there is superficial agreement between the writers in calling for history to develop children's citizenship and patriotism, each conceives these values differently. Focusing on the teaching of history to children in elementary and third-grade schools, this paper suggests that the considerable plurality of views among advocates of history reflects the underdeveloped disciplinary identity of history in the Victorian academy. However, the paper also contends that, in considering the pedagogic complexity of teaching history to children, these writers were engaging with epistemic debates – about the place of myth-histories and the processes of narrativisation – that would not exercise historical philosophers until the late twentieth century. Then, as now, the school curriculum proved fertile ground for discussion about what history is, and what it is for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the idea of lifelong education in Spain is much older, the history of the concept begins in the 1960s. As digital libraries are becoming a source of new data for researchers, the aim of this study is to examine the history of the terms related to lifelong education and learning in Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries by using data published before 1960 and available in Massive Digital Libraries, such as Google Books and HathiTrust. The analysis of books and different kinds of texts and discourses published in Spanish from 1400 until 1959 revealed three formative periods in the development of lifelong education that begin in 18th-century Spain during the Enlightenment and spread to Latin America by the mid-19th century where most of the activity is focused in the following century. What emerges are different conceptualisations of permanent education shaped by the social, political, and economic context as well as influential philosophical movements, such as Krausism and positivism, on one hand, and by a variety of actors on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the contributions of Marie Sklodowska-Curie and her daughter Irene Curie to radiation science and how these studies in physics, chemistry and medicine led to the need to study radiobiological effects. The seminal discoveries of Maria Sklodowska-Curie in radiation physics and chemistry provided the basis for later investigations of the effects of ionizing radiation on cells and tissues and the role of radioactivity in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Both Maria and Irene contributed to the development of radiotherapy and the use of x-rays and radioisotopes in medical diagnosis. Their legacy is not confined to their own generation but can be traced through grand- and great-grand-students of these pioneering women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay reconceives Deep History as a type of origin myth best understood in the context of its own time, and as an intellectual project with methodological strengths and weaknesses. Drawing on insights from the history of science, Latin American studies, and Indigenous theory, I challenge the Eurocentric periodization of human history (and pre-history). Finally, I conclude with suggestions for collaborative ways that historians in particular can engage in multidisciplinary conversations about time, narrative, subjectivity, and authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kashmir Question is as much a conflict about competing histories and memories as it is about competing territorial claims. However, it has often been reduced to an understanding that reckons the question as one about the region perceived as a terrain of contestation between India and Pakistan. While this could be true, there are multiple complexities at play and the most serious happens to be one rising from the terrain of history and memory and the tensions which emanate thereof to shape the Kashmiri identity. The present paper therefore aims to study how the claims of history and memory have been employed by the Indian state, post-partition and the place it offers to the claims of collective memory. Secondly, the present paper aims to explore the different ways in which memory has been employed as a weapon of resistance to subvert the statist reading of the Kashmir Question. Further the present paper attempts to understand the layers that constitute the collective memory. Finally, this will in turn enable us to ask-what is the relationship between history and memory in configuring the Kashmiri identity and how does this relationship problematize the Kashmiri identity?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imperial hegemony established by the Habsburg Monarchy relied upon proper mapping during its conquests. The need for the development of geodesy and establishing reference frames was important. Until the end of the First World War, Vojvodina belonged to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, so all of its surveys were carried out as part of many organized land surveys in the Monarchy. Today, more than 100 years after Vojvodina became the Autonomous Province of Serbia, the network developed by the Monarchy and cadastral plans from that period are still in use. In this paper, in addition to a historical overview of military and cadastral surveys in Vojvodina, we will show data that have historical significance and are available on the Internet and in historical archives. We will also emphasize how the maps available in historical archives of the neighbouring countries could have been used to set up Serbian national spatial data infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This postscript to the Special Feature describes the explicit and implicit temporalities of gentrification in gentrification theory. It asks whether the papers in this collection affirm or disrupt the accepted understanding of gentrification as a phenomenon that emerged in the postwar years in the context of urban deindustrialization. It argues that a robust definition of gentrification, which identifies the historicity of the phenomenon and its temporal boundaries, is required in order to avoid the co-optation of gentrification definitions and theories and the 'naturalization' of gentrification. And, lastly, it suggests that critical history writing and historiography can contribute to gentrification studies' project of denaturalizing the process by grounding it in long-term processes with a historical dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reads the use of ellipsis as a narrative technique in Yvonne Owuor's Dust. The paper interrogates the deployment of ellipsis in the novel as a strategy for contesting notions of homogeneity at different levels. Through the use of ellipsis, the novel constantly ruptures its own form, but which inherently calls for continuity. These gaps invite the reader to be a co-creator in the narrative and, therefore, participate in imagining the community, nation, and the history in the novel. I argue that the elliptical narration in the novel is significant in uncovering silences, gaps, secrets, omissions, and shadows which constitute the writer's imaginary and portrayal of Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article makes a case for the further exploration of heritage before modernity through an investigation of the afterlife of Merton Priory in Surrey, England. The Augustinian Priory was dissolved in 1538 amid the Henrician Reformation and, thereafter, the site was transformed rapidly into a saleable commodity. As such, the Priory site became an exploitable social and economic resource, especially by textile manufacturers. The article complicates this apparently stark transformation from self-contained monastery into proto-industrial landscape by acknowledging how the residual Priory buildings were used, viewed, and understood by its post-Reformation owners, especially anti-Catholic Puritans. I argue that the remains were incorporated within a triumphalist account of England's Protestantisation and, by extension, reveal a surprising instinct towards their preservation amid better-known acts of iconoclasm. In doing so, the article emphasises how the rescripting of the site's heritage was a privilege of its owners and that limited opportunities existed to promote alternative accounts of the site's past beyond those which could be mobilised by external, but no less powerful, stakeholders. Indeed, Merton Priory evinces the emergence of efforts by archaeologists and antiquarians to fix the site's historical significance and to dispel the endurance of 'vulgar' rumours about its past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a well-settled narrative, modern exemplary (or punitive) damages were first awarded in 1763 in two famous tort cases that arose from the publication of the controversial forty-fifth issue of the North Briton newspaper. Before these cases were decided, English juries only ever increased damages in aggravated tort cases to further compensate plaintiffs for various intangible injuries. This article presents a challenge to this narrative. It seeks to do so by systematically accounting for the place of 'aggravation' in the practice of litigating tort actions from the turn of the seventeenth century to the North Briton decisions. It shows that remedial judgments about how to respond to matters of aggravation in tort were fundamentally conceived as belonging to the jury's adjudicative province, and in which judges increasingly hesitated to interfere. Ultimately, this article contends there is sufficient evidence upon which to conclude that – within this province – pre-1763 juries increased the financial liability of aggravated tortfeasors according to diverse principles, not all of which purported to repair the full extent of a plaintiff's suffering. In select cases, juries may have applied punitive and exemplary principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many concepts in science lack clarity. Developing clear definitions of research phenomena is one of the most challenging tasks for academics of various proveniences. Defining spirituality seems to be one of those challenges. The author of this article synthetically describes historical and present-day challenges in defining spirituality in order to develop an appropriate awareness of certain major choices one has to make, while using a particular definition of spirituality. A universal definition of spirituality is not proposed here. Instead, the author develops a topology of definitions of spirituality intended to increase both semantical and methodological awareness of the remaining challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present a problematising and exploration of how teachers educated within settler-colonial systems are positioned to analyse critically and resist whitewashed curriculum when planning for school-based learning. Since the 2013 implementation of the Australian Curriculum: History, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies have been a mandatory, albeit subsidiary, focus area of study. While publications have explored the purpose of, the need for, and the possibilities offered up by cross-curriculum education, very little attention has been paid to how curriculum is enacted within schools. Through a poststructuralist lens, and a non-Indigenous researcher positioning, this article illuminates a discursive analysis of ways in which six history teachers in Victoria, Australia, perform their subject positioning along a continuum of compliance–resistance within the Australian education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theorizes historical marker texts (HMT) as succinct, public facing informational reports that reinforce white supremacy and minimize or erase the memory of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) individuals. In this layered content and discourse analysis, I evaluate the demographics of the commissioners at the local and state level, the instructions for the HMT application, and the text of a selected group of HMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I argue that Miki's concept of myth offers a continuation and consolidation of his Philosophy of History (1932), providing an important conceptual tool to comprehend his philosophical project. To understand Miki's originality, it is important to contrast his conception of history with that of Rickert's, one of Miki's professors during his stay in Germany. Although scholarship about the Kyōto School does not mention these texts, between 1932 and 1935, Miki's writing focuses on the importance of myth as a manifestation of the historical consciousness during periods of social crisis. Thus, myth, as a form of knowledge tied to the most fundamental ontological level of human existence (that Miki calls 'fact'), was able to serve as an operationalization of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This theoretical study is part of my doctoral research on the history and development of the psychodynamic theory movement, the Kestenberg Movement Profile (KMP). This paper attempts to introduce the KMP within the historical context of its origins, the psychoanalytic circles of 1940–1980 New York outlining the main lines of influence on Kestenbreg's work. The KMP forms a complex integrative approach of movement assessment and analysis that examines the interplay between movement development and the process of self-formation. The paper explores the theoretical foundations of the Kestenberg Movement Profile in general, concerning infl uences from Freudian drive theory and ego-psychology in particular. The paper aims to illuminate the field of scientific thought that the KMP emerged from as a psychodynamic assessment tool of movement behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual orientation is a key determinant of the identity of human beings. It has also been seen as a social determinant of health. People whose sexual orientation is non-heterosexual or sexual minorities or sexually diverse are included in the broad umbrella term LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) which is a commonly used acronym in activism, social policy, and subsequently cultural literature. For this reason, this Commission focuses primarily on sexual orientation i.e. lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) groups. We have used terms non-heterosexual, sexual minorities or sexual variation interchangeably. We have not considered asexual individuals as research in the field is too limited. We are cognisant of the fact that topics relating to mental health and sexual orientation discussed in this Commission will intersect with other issues of personal, cultural and social identity, and will thus be relevant to individuals including many transgender individuals. The inclusion of mental health issues relevant to gender-diverse individuals as well as gender identity is important and deserves its own separate detailed discussion. The exact number of sexually diverse individuals in a population is often difficult to estimate but is likely to be somewhere around 5% of the population. Rates of various psychiatry disorders and suicidal ideation and acts of suicide in LGB populations are higher than general population and these have been attributed to minority stress hypothesis. Elimination of inequality in law can lead to reduction in psychiatric morbidity in these groups. However, these are all diverse groups but even within each group there is diversity and each individual has a distinct and unique experiences, upbringing, responses to their own sexual orientation, and generating varying responses from families, peers and friends as well as communities (including healthcare professionals). The mental healthcare needs of sexual minority individuals vary and these variations must be taken into account in design, development and delivery of healthcare and policies. Improving access to services will help engagement and outcomes and also reduce stigma. The commission recommends that there is no role for so-called conversion therapies and other recommendations are made for clinicians, researchers and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic signaled a lasting and ongoing history of racism in the United States. These events were a reminder to reexamine the condition of Asians and Asian Americans in the field of social work in the U.S. The purpose of this article is to support inter-solidarity movements in social work to uplift the lived experiences of Asian Americans with four recommendations: conceptualizing and positioning the Asian American identity, acknowledging the heterogeneity of the Asian American population, integrating Asian American history in the social work curriculum, and using research strategies to address anti-Asian racism uplift the experiences of Asian Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the many hats David Lowenthal wore during his long life perhaps the most important was as a geographer. All his permanent academic positions were within institutions of geography. Undoubtedly, he could have moved to another discipline, but he remained a geographer. This paper aims to understand why geography was so alluring for him. It is divided into three parts. The first identifies four broad intellectual themes or interests that course through much of his substantive work: his polymathic inclinations; the centrality of history; the influence of the humanities; and a curiosity about the material environment and landscape. The second is about Lowenthal's conception of the discipline of geography and why despite being pulled towards other disciplinary concerns he stayed loyal, notwithstanding significant reservations. And the last is about how he understood the discipline's history which, while he rarely wrote about, he knew well, and partly explaining his more-or-less faithful attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

David Lowenthal's doctoral biography of George Perkins Marsh, published in 1958, not only brought Marsh into public view as a 'prophet of conservation', but arguably created the beginnings of what today could be called the subfield of critical conservation thought. By combining Marsh's insight about human societies' relationships with, and responsibility for, the environments around them, Lowenthal's scholarship pointed the way to what has developed into a diverse field aimed at understanding the complexities and sometimes-contradictions of conservation efforts. This paper traces the influence of Lowenthal's emphases—on landscape as a tool providing insight into evolving human-environment interactions, the importance of understanding differing perceptions of the environment, and people's complex intermixing of the present and the past—on shaping the recent decades of conservation debates and scholarship; in many ways, the rest of us are still catching up with David's ideas first expressed in the 1950s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocular involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Four key issues historically faced by clinicians when diagnosing and treating ocular tuberculosis – diagnostic uncertainty, naturally heterogeneous presentations, limitations of existing laboratory diagnostic tools, and non-uniform treatment guidelines – continue to test today's physicians. Unparalleled scientific and clinical developments over the past century have greatly expanded the knowledge surrounding this challenging ophthalmic condition. Experience with large volumes of cases at tuberculosis-endemic centres has led to recent growth in knowledge and physician experience, perhaps more so in developing countries. Looking forward, the role of diverse new technologies, including artificial intelligence and proteomics, will advance ocular tuberculosis research. Efforts have been made to address the lack of standardized nomenclature, diagnostic uncertainty, and unvalidated, geographically variable treatment guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Ontario's economy began as a booming nineteenth-century resource frontier because of international market demand for natural resource commodities, private sector business investment, and government initiatives in transportation and protectionism. During northern Ontario's development, economic growth was most robust during eras when these engines came together to provide economic growth and employment creation. Export-led growth approaches to development suggest that such a growth process ultimately expands population and market size and creates self-sustaining economic growth. However, northern Ontario never made that transition because of the inability to retain more linkages from resource extraction because of decision-making external to the region. As a result, the latter part of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century became an era of arrested development. Economic decline since the 1970s caused by less labor-intensive transportation and resource sectors was met with ineffective and essentially palliative government attempts to counter the decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editors of APJTE invited a group of teacher education scholars to have a conversation about what is 'missing' from the journal and/ or the field. In line with our celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the journal, we thought that it would be interesting to think about what hasn't been in the journal but might have been. We worked with people who have been, or are becoming, influential in the field, and/ or have been editors of the journal before; to have a conversation about what's (been) missing from the journal and/ or perhaps from teacher education scholarship more generally; what's been excluded and why, and what that tells us about the current state of the field, and the future perhaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces community-led land management (CLLM) as a unifying concept, drawn from an environmental history perspective, that both researchers and community members might use in analysis and reflection on land management activities carried out by communities in connection with place. By exploring the histories of three otherwise disparate case studies in south-western Australia – a catchment group, an Indigenous ranger group and an urban bushland friends group – we draw attention to common attributes of community leadership and co-operative, hands-on work in and for a defined geographical area. These case studies also suggest a trend toward increasingly structured controls within the movement, with neoliberal regulation and accountability tending to obscure community origins. While inclusive of many landcare activities, CLLM can be understood as a broader social movement covering diverse groupings, where communities continue both to lead and apply their place-specific knowledge and labour. This social movement is of crucial importance for effectively tackling the escalating environmental problems in Australia and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This issue is dedicated to the question of how research on technology and its inherent temporality and materiality can enhance our understanding of geography, culture and history in Central Asia. The articles provide fresh ideas on Central Asia as a region by unpacking the "hard" infrastructural base of its cultural, social, and economic geography. They offer a more inclusive view on Central Asian landscapes, focusing on permanent material structures and vernacular practices that are often overlooked in conventional historiography and social studies research. Finally, they explore how research on technology both supports and challenges the primacy of political history in defining the historical periods and legacies of Central Asia. The papers cover about 150 years of history, with case studies on what are today Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Mongolia. This introductory essay summarizes their key insights, situating them in a wider debate on technology in and beyond Central Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]