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Predictive maintenance strategies are becoming increasingly more important with the increased needs for automation and digitalization within pulp and paper manufacturing sector. Hence, this study contributes to examine the most efficient pre-processing approaches for predicting sensory data trends based on Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural networks. To validate the model, the data from two paper pulp presses with several pre-processing methods are utilized for predicting the units' conditions. The results of validation criteria show that pre-processing data using a LOWESS in combination with the Elimination of discrepant data filter achieves more stable results, the prediction error decreases, and the predicted values are easier to interpret. The model can anticipate future values with MAPE, RMSE and MAE of 1.2, 0.27 and 0.30 respectively. The errors are below the significance level. Moreover, it is identified that the best hyperparameters found for each paper pulp press must be different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that school is one of the most important life domains shaping adolescents' life satisfaction (LS) and this influence varies across countries and different groups of students (e.g. by gender). However, there is a lack of cross-country comparative research studying the links between school and students' LS and how this differs across socioeconomic status (SES). This study explores this question using multilevel regression to analyse data from the 2015 Programme for International Students Assessment study on 15-year-old students in 33 countries. Two measures of SES were considered: material well-being and a composite SES measure. Results indicate that 1) in some countries, distinct school-related factors may shape students' LS differently for students of higher and lower SES, 2) although there are some general patterns across countries for some school factors (bullying, academic competence, and parents' support in relation to school are more strongly associated with LS among students of lower SES), for most school factors, the picture is mixed, and 3) in around half of the countries, schools seem to moderate the association between SES and students' LS. Research and policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sen's capability approach is often criticized for its alleged individualism; various approaches have been suggested to overcome this problem. The notion of 'collective capabilities' is best known while other suggestions haven't received as much attention or approval. This article surveys the manifold suggestions for how Sen's capability approach can accommodate collectives and introduces the literature. Five strands of literature are identified with a framework that classifies these suggestions according to (a) whether the groups are externally or internally defined and (b) whether the main aim of these groups is to improve the well-being or agency of their members. After discussing the main threads of the literature the article tags Sen's capability approach as an example of structural individualism, proposes the concept of collective functionings, and calls for models of interaction between individuals and collective agency that integrate collective intentions and explore the effects of Giddensian social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aims to synthesize existing literature on good practice in sexual health interventions for adults over 45 years and in vulnerable groups. Using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, search terms focused on sexual health, good practice, and vulnerable groups, in over-45s. Of the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, seven were focused on HIV and risk reduction. Use of alternative methods of communication, alongside inclusion of behavioral and cognitive measures such as condom use and perceived stigma, was key to tailoring interventions. This review highlights the imperative for further research on sexual health interventions with these overlooked populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In archaeology, predictive models play a key role in understanding the interactions between humans and the palaeo-environment. They are also of great value for cultural heritage management and planning purposes. This is particularly true for Palaeolithic sites in the east Austrian loess landscape, which are often deeply embedded in sediment sequences. In this study, we analyse the geospatial behaviour of 23 Upper Palaeolithic sites in Lower Austria. Hereby, we apply a new approach, which combines the advantages of a classical deductive method with the capabilities of machine learning, implemented via the MaxEnt software. The result is a predictive model for an area of 7850 km², exploring the potential for the presence of Upper Palaeolithic sites. The model highlights several spatial dynamics of site probability in the study area. Possible sources of inaccuracies within the source data and the methodology are critically discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage supply of savanna grasslands plays a crucial role for local food security and consequently, a reliable monitoring system could help to better manage vital forage resources. To help installing such a monitoring system, we investigated whether in-situ hyperspectral data could be resampled to match the spectral resolution of multi- and hyperspectral satellites; if the type of sensor affected model transfer; and if spatio-temporal patterns of forage characteristics could be related to environmental drivers. We established models for forage quantity (green biomass) and five forage quality proxies (metabolisable energy, acid/neutral detergent fibre, ash, phosphorus). Hyperspectral resolution of the Hyperion satellite mostly resulted in higher accuracies (i.e. higher R2, lower RMSE). When applied to satellite data, though, the greater quality of the multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite data leads to more realistic forage maps. By analysing a three-year time series, we found plant phenology and cumulated precipitation to be the most important environmental drivers of forage supply. We conclude that none of the investigated satellites provide optimal conditions for monitoring purposes. Future hyperspectral satellite missions like EnMAP, combining the high information level of Hyperion with the good data quality and resolution of Sentinel-2, will provide the prerequisites for installing a regular monitoring service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]