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Prompted by the challenges faced by teachers in balancing grammar and content in English classes, coupled with the poor English proficiency of rural Odia medium school students, the study aimed to devise an intervention that could balance content and grammar, thereby enhancing the grammar competency and content comprehension of eighth-grade students. Based on quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design, two groups were assigned treatment conditions: the 5E Model with Planned-Incidental Grammar Teaching Approach (experimental group) and the traditional Grammar Translation Method (control group) during class instructions. Data were collected from 100 school students, with 52 in the experimental group and 48 in the control group, using pretest and posttest assessments. The mixed ANOVA test results revealed significantly higher posttest scores in the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the positive impact of the intervention on students' grammar proficiency. The t-test for the comprehension test suggested comparable levels of comprehension in both groups, indicating the efficiency of the new pedagogical strategy in seamlessly integrating grammar instruction into regular classroom teaching, optimizing instructional time and ensuring balance between content and grammar, making it particularly valuable for educators facing time constraints. This study underscores the need for professional development opportunities to enhance teachers' pedagogical skills and knowledge. Further research is warranted to explore the intervention's impact on various language skills and assess its applicability in diverse contexts, contributing to a broader understanding of its implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the efficiency of the ceftiofur N-acyl homoserine lactonase niosome against multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in broilers was evaluated. Fifty-six K. pneumoniae isolates previously recovered from different poultry and environmental samples were screened for the ahlK gene. The lactonase enzyme was extracted from eight quorum-quenching isolates. The niosome was formulated, characterized, and tested for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cytotoxicity. Fourteen-day-old chicks were assigned to six groups: groups Ӏ and П served as negative and positive controls, receiving saline and K. pneumoniae solutions, respectively. In groups Ш and IV, ceftiofur and niosome were administrated intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days, while groups V and VI received the injections following the K. pneumoniae challenge. Signs, mortality, and gross lesions were recorded. Tracheal swabs were collected from groups П, V, and VI for counting K. pneumoniae. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in four treated groups at nine-time points. The niosome was spherical and 56.5 ± 4.41 nm in size. The viability of Vero cells was unaffected up to 5 × MIC (2.4 gml−1). The niosome-treated challenged group showed mild signs and lesions with lower mortality and colony count than the positive control group. The maximum ceftiofur serum concentrations in treated groups were observed 2 h following administration. The elimination half-life in niosome-treated groups was longer than that reported in ceftiofur-treated groups. This is the first report of the administration of N-acyl homoserine lactonase for the control of multi-resistant K. pneumoniae infections in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are associated with the emergence of multidrug resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. This study explores the role of class 1 integrons and IS26 elements in breaching taxonomic barriers. A total of 110 E. coli bacteria were isolated from 300 clinical mastitis milk samples. The 98% E. coli isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producers. About 83% of these isolates carried co-resistance for fluoroquinolones. The co-existence of (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase + quinolone resistance determining region mutations) and (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase + plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes) was found in 76% and 44% of isolates, respectively. The MGEs were detected in 88% of isolates with IS26 in 82% and class 1 integrase in 40% of isolates. The types of class 1 integron gene cassettes detected includes dfrA7, (dfrA17 + aadA5), and (dfrA1 + aadA1). We discovered 2 and 4 novel variants of the dfrA17 and aadA5 genes, respectively. We report a variant of aadA5 with mutation E235G in the Indian subcontinent earlier reported only in a human clinical isolate from Belgium. About 19 isolates carried IS26 linked to integrase gene intI1 with an internal deletion of 265 bp in the 5'CS of integrase gene intI1, earlier reported only in E. coli ST131 isolates from human clinical, wastewater samples. This study suggests intercontinental dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) across different microbiomes via mobile genetic elements. Key points: • The role of mobile genetic elements in the emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in bovine mastitis. • Novel variants of the aadA5 (aminoglycoside adenyl transferase) and dfrA17 (dihydrofolate reductase) genes were identified in pathogenic E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis in class 1 integron gene cassette. • Sequence analysis of mobile genetic components revealed the physical connection between IS26 and intI1 genes with an internal deletion in 5'CS of class 1 integrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat associated with antibiotic consumption. Community-acquired acute respiratory tract infections (CA-ARTIs) are a major driver of antibiotic consumption in primary care. We aimed to quantify the investments required for a large-scale rollout of point-of care (POC) diagnostic testing in Dutch primary care, and the impact on AMR due to reduced use of antibiotics. Methods: We developed an individual-based model that simulates consultations for CA-ARTI at GP practices in the Netherlands and compared a scenario where GPs test all CA-ARTI patients with a hypothetical diagnostic strategy to continuing the current standard-of-care for the years 2020–2030. We estimated differences in costs and future AMR rates caused by testing all patients consulting for CA-ARTI with a hypothetical diagnostic strategy, compared to the current standard-of-care in GP practices. Results: Compared to the current standard-of-care, the diagnostic algorithm increases the total costs of GP consultations for CA-ARTI by 9% and 19%, when priced at €5 and €10, respectively. The forecast increase in Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance against penicillins can be partly restrained by the hypothetical diagnostic strategy from 3.8 to 3.5% in 2030, albeit with considerable uncertainty. Conclusions: Our results show that implementing a hypothetical diagnostic strategy for all CA-ARTI patients in primary care raises the costs of consultations, while lowering antibiotic consumption and AMR. Novel health-economic methods to assess and communicate the potential benefits related to AMR may be required for interventions with limited gains for individual patients, but considerable potential related to antibiotic consumption and AMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report changes in adult hospital admission rates for acute ENT infections following the introduction of COVID-19-related physical interventions such as hand washing, use of face masks and social distancing of 2-m in the United Kingdom. Methods: Retrospective cohort study comparing adult admissions with acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, glandular fever, peri-orbital cellulitis, acute otitis media, acute mastoiditis, retropharyngeal abscess and parapharyngeal abscess in the 1-year period after the introduction of COVID-related physical interventions (2020–2021) with a 1-year period before this (2019–2020) in three UK secondary care ENT departments. Results: In total, there were significantly fewer admissions for ENT infections (n = 1073, 57.56%, p < 0.001; RR 2.36, 95% CI [2.17, 2.56]) in the 2020–2021 period than in the 2019–2020 period. There were significant reductions in admissions for tonsillitis (64.4%; p < 0.001), peritonsillar abscess (60.68%; p < 0.001), epiglottitis (66.67%; p < 0.001), glandular fever (38.79%; p = 0.001), acute otitis media (26.85%; p = 0.01) and retropharyngeal and/or parapharyngeal abscesses (45.45%; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a sizeable reduction in adult admissions for ENT infections since the introduction of COVID-19-related physical interventions. There is evidence to support the use of physical interventions in the prevention of viral transmission of respiratory disease. Preventing ENT infections requiring admission through simple physical interventions could be of great benefit to the quality of life of patients and economical benefit to healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]