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This scoping review analyses existing literature on older adults' participation in artistic activities. It identifies gaps in this research topic and suggests new directions for research. We followed the five-step process defined by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and extended by Levac et al. (2010). Four electronic databases were searched, and 129 peer-reviewed articles were included in the scoping review. Research into older adults' participation in artistic activities has grown in the last ten years. However, empirical papers tend to focus on the outcomes of older people's participation in artistic activities, in particular the benefits. Most papers centred on facilitators to examine the antecedents of this type of participation among people in late life. Research about experiences, potentially negative consequences or barriers to older adults' participation in artistic activities have been largely overlooked. We identified several gaps in the literature, which we classified as: related to the artistic activities that were considered; the potential costs and barriers for older adults' participation in artistic activities; older adults' voices and their diversity; the life course perspective; and a contextual view of research on the topic. These gaps suggest challenges that future research on older adults' participation in artistic activities should consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wide use of the term Cognitive Reserve (CR) is in need of a clear and shared definition of its concept and of the development of new tools, quick and easy to use and updated for the people of today. This study describes the online short CRIq (s-CRIq), the new shorter version of the CRIq, following an item analysis revision, and compares the data distribution of different samples. Methods: The s-CRIq was administered online to 435 people while another 440 filled out the s-CRIq in self-administration. A further 588 participants had been administered the original paper-and-pencil long CRIq and 344 the online long CRIq. Results: The major difference in the databases of s-CRIq versus the long versions is an increased score in education and in leisure activity. However, the density distributions of the total score of CRI in the 4 databases share 64% of their areas, and at least two of them share 84%. Conclusion: The s-CRIq proved to be a simple and easy-to-administer tool. Similarly, to the original version, the s-CRIq is freely available on the web, and it is our hope that it will be of fruitful use for researchers and clinicians alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on students' leisure time with an exclusive focus on students with hearing disabilities leading to behavioural issues. This sensitive issue needs time to be highlighted as students with such disabilities are naturally restrained from utilizing their leisure time. This research aims to investigate numerous courses of action in the light of a detailed literature review and explore possible ways to reduce their severity and mitigate their effects. This qualitative conceptual review encompasses on how leisure time programs could be integrated and inclusive into the education, workplace, and daily life of children with hearing disabilities. This research effectively offers suggestions and recommendations that could help teachers and parents while dealing with leisure time as an approach to reducing behavioural problems such as practical solutions on various tools and procedures that can be manipulated and used in various workplaces. This review has numerous implications, such as this study could serve as a premier in setting guidelines for applying a leisure time approach to the non-clinical work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates households' consumption smoothing behavior by estimating the intertemporal elasticity of substitution of consumption (IES) while allowing labor/leisure to vary. To this end, we adopt a utility specification that allows non-separability between consumption and leisure. Using this specification, we define a leisure margin as the gap between the IES that allows leisure to vary and the IES that keeps leisure constant. We find a positive and statistically significant leisure margin throughout the paper. In addition, the leisure margin becomes larger when the spouse's leisure is taken into consideration. This result indicates that family labor supply plays an important role in households' consumption decisions. We further explore the heterogeneous nature of nonmarket time, and show that consumption-leisure substitutability could be explained largely by home production. Our findings demonstrate the importance of time allocation when individuals make decisions on consumption and saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we deal with the optimal bankruptcy problem for agents who can optimally allocate their consumption rate, the amount of capital invested in the risky asset, as well as their leisure time. In our framework, the agents are endowed by an initial debt, and they are required to repay their debt continuously. Declaring bankruptcy, the debt repayment is exempted at the cost of a wealth shrinkage. We implement the duality method to solve the problem analytically and conduct a sensitivity analysis to the bankruptcy cost and benefit parameters. Introducing the flexible leisure/working rate, and therefore the labour income, into the bankruptcy model, we investigate its effect on the optimal strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we contend that urban middle-class older Indians engaged in "serious leisure" as a way to reimagine and reconfigure the structure of everyday life during the pandemic-led epochal downtime. In particular, we heuristically show that leisure activity patterns and constraint negotiation strategies among older Indians followed conceptual semblances with the dominant leisure-based typology of Serious Leisure Perspective. By thematically analysing household surveys (n = 71), time-use diaries and in-depth interviews (n = 15) of middle to upper middle-class individuals (55–80 years), we show how both men and women distinguished between serious leisure that is marked by motivation, agency and perseverance with that of unstructured, routinized free-time (or causal leisure). Time-use diaries suggested that despite the changed realities of heightened domestic time available to both genders due to the pandemic, women recorded higher proportion of their daily hours in household management and caregiving. Although women were governed by moral-cultural self-descriptions in their engagement with leisure, it was often associated with an enhanced sense of self-actualisation, self-management and identity. Overall, we show how the social codes of age and gender were inextricably linked with the practice of leisure during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we build on theories in psychology and economics and link positional preferences to private agents' identification with a social group, and the social norms present in that group. The purpose of our paper is to analyze behavioral, welfare, and policy implications of a link between private agents´ social identity and a risky leisure activity. Our results suggest that, when the outcome of the positional activity is uncertain, the over-consumption result that is associated with positional preferences in a deterministic framework need not apply to all agents in a social equilibrium. The reason is that agents have incentives to act with caution in order to avoid failure when the outcome of the socially valued activity is uncertain. We also show how policy can be used to improve the welfare within a social group where the risky leisure activity is positional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide the first estimate of the intertemporal substitution for leisure in Spain, accounting for the impact of human capital accumulation. This would allow uncovering whether the intertemporal labour supply of Spanish workers is affected by human capital. Our empirical strategy consists of estimating the equation for the intertemporal substitution of leisure with and without accounting for human capital, what allows to detect hypothetical estimation biases associated to omitting the impact of human capital. To that end, we build a pseudo-panel data set combining the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey and the Labour Survey over the period 1987–1997. While the model that ignores human capital accumulation provides an estimate of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for leisure about 0.25, comparable to previously available estimates for Spain and other economies, the model with human capital provides an estimate about 0.5, what confirms the existence of a bias in the former estimates. Finally, this bias is larger for the younger cohorts than for the older ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-saving goods are defined as market goods that reduce home labor requirements (e.g., restaurants; washing machines). Assuming that time savings are costly, this paper shows that lower income individuals can purchase fewer time savings and enjoy less leisure time. Commodity tax rates affecting low-income individuals should depend more on time savings, and less on the classic Corlett and Hague rule. The related literature suggests to impose lower tax rates on goods that require less home labor. This paper shows that goods that offer greater time savings with respect to their more affordable substitutes should also receive favorable tax treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many working parents experienced a double burden of fulltime employment and increased childcare obligations during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. This paper explores how this twofold burden affected leisure time sports and exercise (LTSE). Following a gender inequality perspective, it is assumed that the level of LTSE of working mothers are more negatively affected by the pandemic than LTSE levels of working fathers. Using the nation-wide representative SPOVID survey, the paper analyses data of all respondents in fulltime employment (N = 631). Data collection took place in October and November 2020 in collaboration with Forsa, a leading corporation for public opinion polls in Germany. Results show that the pandemic led to a reduction of LTSE levels, but with considerable variation between working mothers and fathers. Fulltime working mothers reduced their LTSE by a substantial margin (54 min per week), but not working fathers. It is concluded that the double burden of work demands and childcare duties in the pandemic was largely shouldered by mothers, who then faced greater difficulties to remain active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People ebb and flow across the city. The spatial and temporal patterning of crime is, in part, reflective of this mobility, of the scale of the population present in any given setting at a particular time. It is also a function of capacity of this population to perform an active role as an offender, victim or guardian in any specific crime type, itself shaped by the time-variant activities undertaken in, and the qualities of, particular settings. To this end, this paper explores the intra-daily influence of activities and settings upon the weekday spatial and temporal patterning of violent crime in public spaces. This task is achieved through integrating a transient population dataset with travel survey, point-of-interest and recorded crime data in a study of Great Manchester (UK). The research deploys a negative binomial regression model controlling for spatial lag effects. It finds strong and independent, but time-variant, associations between leisure activities, leisure settings and the spatial and temporal patterning of violent crime in public space. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and empirical implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a particular population segment, that of Millennials, which has attracted much attention over recent years. Beyond the media hype, little is known about the habits of this generation towards spare time use. The present study builds on a previous work devoted to detect the different ways Italian Millennials interact with spare time, and aims at identifying profiles of Millennials branded with profile-specific time use habits and styles. In so doing, we (i) account for the multidimensional nature of time use attitude and express it into a reduced number of distinct dimensions and (ii) identify and qualify profiles of Millennials as regards the ascertained time use dimensions. By relying on an extended Item Response Theory model applied to the Italian "Multipurpose survey on households", our main findings reveal that the way Millennials use spare time and interact with technology is much more complex, varied and multifaceted than what claimed by the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the multiple health benefits that result from engaging in physical activity, data suggest that children are moving less. Novel approaches to engaging children in physical activity are needed to address this public health concern. Recently, a new definition of physical activity was proposed that emphasizes, among other things, the fact that physical activity is deeply affective, emotional and situated in spaces that shape the experience. With the need to increase engagement in physical activity and this new proposed definition, this paper presents a more novel approach to addressing this problem through staging a physically active experience. The idea draws upon the well-established area of experience economy, which aims to engage those partaking in an educational, (e)aesthetic, escapist, and entertaining way. When staging something as an experience, the focus is on engagement. By staging physical activity as an experience, it is proposed that children can actively partake in physical activity in a way that is focused on the experience offered. This review explains the notion of experience economy and provides examples of how it could be applied to children's physical activity. By creating an aesthetically pleasing, escapist and entertaining environment where children can learn and engage in physical activity, a more engaging positive experience of physical activity can be offered. Future research should examine the staging of physically active experiences for children and evaluate the practical implementation and effectiveness of this new approach to increasing children's engagement in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to COVID-19 outbreaks, most school pupils have had to be home-schooled for long periods of time. Two editions of a web-based competition "Beat the Pathologists" for school age participants in the UK ran to fill up pupils' spare time after home-schooling and evaluate their ability on contributing to AI annotation. The two editions asked the participants to annotate different types of cells on Ki67 stained breast cancer images. The Main competition was at four levels with different level of complexity. We obtained annotations of four kinds of cells entered by school pupils and ground truth from expert pathologists. In this paper, we analyse school pupils' performance on differentiating different kinds of cells and compare their performance with two neural networks (AlexNet and VGG16). It was observed that children tend to get very good performance in tumour cell annotation with the best F1 measure 0.81 which is a metrics taking both false positives and false negatives into account. Low accuracy was achieved with F1 score 0.75 on positive non-tumour cells and 0.59 on negative non-tumour cells. Superior performance on non-tumour cell detection was achieved by neural networks. VGG16 with training from scratch achieved an F1 score over 0.70 in all cell categories and 0.92 in tumour cell detection. We conclude that non-experts like school pupils have the potential to contribute to large-scale labelling for AI algorithm development if sufficient training activities are organised. We hope that competitions like this can promote public interest in pathology and encourage participation by more non-experts for annotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amount of time we spend online has been increasing dramatically, influencing our daily travel and activity patterns. However, empirical studies on changes in the extent to which the amount of time spent online are related to changes in our activity and travel patterns are scarce, mainly due to a lack of available longitudinal or quasi-longitudinal data. This paper explores how the relationships between the time spent using the Internet, and the time spent on non-mandatory maintenance and leisure activities, have evolved over a decade. Maintenance activities include out-of-home activities such as shopping, banking, and doctor visits, while leisure activities include entertainment activities, visiting friends, sporting activities, and so forth. Our approach uses two datasets from two major cross-sectional surveys in Scotland, i.e. the 2005/06 Scottish Household Survey (SHS) and the 2015 Integrated Multimedia City Data (iMCD) Survey, which were similarly structured and formed. The multiple discrete–continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model and difference-in-differences (DD) estimation are applied and integrated to examine how the relationships between the time spent on the Internet and travel have changed over time and the direction and magnitude of the changes. Our findings suggest that the complementary associations between Internet use and individuals' non-mandatory activity-travel time use are diminishing over time, whereas their substitutive associations are increasing. We additionally find that such temporal changes are significant in the case of those who spent moderate to high levels of time on the Internet (5 h or more online) per week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that family and work-retirement transitions are increasingly becoming more complicated, extended, and reversible among aging parents. Combined with improved life expectancy, older parents are now confronted with new opportunities and challenges including their access to leisure activities. However, a paucity of research exists with regard to the extent to which older-aged parents are satisfied with their amount of leisure time as well as their ideal leisure preferences. Drawing upon socio-cultural life course theory, this paper examines how socio-demographic and ethnocultural variables (i.e., gender, ethnic identity), family-related factors (e.g., presence of children in the household), and socio-economic and work contexts (i.e., income satisfaction and retirement status) shape leisure time satisfaction and activity preferences. Data are drawn from the "Families and Retirement Project," a sample of 588 diverse (British-, Chinese-, Iranian/Persian-, South-Asian Canadians) aged 50 + (mean age = 59.6) residing in Metro Vancouver with at least one young adult child aged 19–35. Quantitative analyses reveal that leisure time satisfaction is higher among: those reporting lower levels of parental stress, the fully retired, those with less education, and among Chinese parents (compared to British). Moreover, strong variations by ethnic background are shown in preferred leisure activity, based on a thematic analysis of data. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to a socio-cultural family life course activity theory. Implications for community service provision (e.g., culturally sensitive and relevant recreational programs and services) are also highlighted, given the salience of participation in enjoyable leisure activities to healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the existence of efficiency wages in the French and Spanish labor markets, within an urban efficiency wage theoretical framework. Using data from the French and Spanish time use surveys for the year 2009–2010, results support the main hypothesis of urban efficiency wage models. In particular, that leisure and shirking at work are substitutes, that there is a negative relationship between commuting and leisure, and that there are positive relationships between commuting-shirking at work and commuting-earnings. These results represent the second test of this relationship in the literature, and the first empirical estimate of these relationships for France and Spain. The results show the existence of a direct link between commuting and earnings, which may be helpful in improving the functioning of labor markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the special issue “Leisure and older adults in Asia.” Although the study of older adults’ participation in leisure has gained traction over the last decade, there is need to consider in greater depth the central role that leisure activities may play in the construction of identities and lifestyles in later life. The collection of articles in this special issue contributes to the emerging literature on the intersection of leisure and aging by presenting diverse contexts and methodologies to build a comprehensive understanding of leisure participation among older adults in China, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Singapore. They reveal a common thread highlighting the close relationship between leisure participation and various quantitative and qualitative markers of well-being and quality of life in old age, such as health, social participation, and sense of self. The papers also highlight the importance of leisure as a socio-cultural resource through which older adults can negotiate their experiences in later life. Through the different case studies and discussion, the special issue contributes to critical Asian perspective regarding the place of leisure within discourses of ‘productive’/‘successful’/‘active’ aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Video gaming is a popular leisure activity among adolescents. Those who play excessively are in danger of educational and social drawbacks and may become addicted to video gaming. Several published studies determined the prevalence of GD among children in specific Saudi regions. However, the current study assessed the national prevalence of video gaming disorder (GD) and its risk factors among school students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A school-based survey was conducted among adolescents in all regions of Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2021–2022. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select the school students. An Arabic-validated version of the 9-item dichotomous (yes/no) GD Scale based on the DSM-5 criteria was used to determine GD prevalence among the students. The score ranged from zero to nine (0–9). Participants who scored five or more were deemed as having GD. Students who scored less than five were classified as normal gamers (score 0–1) or risky gamers (score 2–4). Results: We recruited 5332 school students. Their mean age was 15.5 ± 1.7 years, and almost half of them were males (50.7%). According to the GD score, the prevalence of normal gamers was 39.08% (N = 1714), risky gamers 40.47% (N = 1775), and those with GD was, 20.45% (N = 897). Logistic regression was performed to determine the association between video gaming disorder and all the gathered variables, which include age, educational grade, sex, types of video gaming, and categories of video games played. The results showed that nationality, age, educational grade, sex, using only mobile devices to play, and playing puzzle and sports games were not associated with video gaming disorder. On the other hand, it was revealed that using tablets, game consoles, PCs; having multiple devices; and playing online, fighting, car racing, war, and adventure games were significantly linked to GD. Conclusion: The prevalence of GD was 20.45% among Saudi school students who play video games. Utilizing more than one type of gaming device and playing games in the fighting, war, and multiplayer categories via an online connection were significantly linked to having GD. To limit video gaming addiction, we encourage screening, diagnosing, and treating disordered video gamers early. In addition, governmental authorities and video game companies should discuss and revise numerous policy measures to minimize the accessibility of video games, limit the harms and risks related to them, and assist video gamers in becoming effective members of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aesthetic experiences can serve as powerful catalysts for emotional, psychological, and spiritual transformation. More recently, video games have drawn attention as an artistic medium in their own right, capable of inspiring profound transformation in ways similar to conventional art forms. Video games, like other artistic media, can be seen as thresholds to transformative aesthetic experiences, rendering them especially suitable for analysis through the lens of Victor Turner's work on liminality and the liminoid. This article employs these concepts as a framework to assess video games as liminoid structures in which players can engage with simulated liminal experiences and undergo transformative aesthetic experiences through ritual-like, interactive play. In particular, it integrates concepts from games studies to explore how video games have uniquely liminoid characteristics that distinguish them from other liminoid entities, including art and leisure activities. As a case study, this article also explores manifestations of liminality and the liminoid in the setting, narrative, and gameplay of indie video game Before Your Eyes. It examines how these elements act synergistically to provide a nuanced, intimate depiction of terminal illness, coming of age, and existential judgment in the afterlife, encouraging players to surrender themselves to the emotional world portrayed within the game and become transformed in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In prioritising the needs of their autistic children, parents often modify their own participation across leisure, social, and workforce activities. Few studies have examined the impact these modifications have on caregiver quality of life (QoL). The aim in the current study was to examine how parenting their autistic child/ren impacts parent's participation and QoL. Methods: Twenty primary caregivers (29–48 years, all female) of autistic children (7–11 years) were interviewed online about their participation in leisure, community, and employment activities including the impact of COVID-19. Results: Five themes with underlying subthemes were identified using reflexive thematic analysis. The themes were: (1) Reflecting on the important things in life, (2) Getting access to everything needed, (3) Barriers to participation in meaningful activities, (4) Facilitators of participation in meaningful activities, and (5) Participation through the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of regular participation in meaningful activities for parents of autistic children and the support needed by them, particularly single parents, to achieve balance between meeting caring responsibilities and their own participation needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mixed-methods study delves into the impact of leisure activities on the well-being of retirees in Saudi Arabia, focusing on health, emotional balance, social integration, and self-fulfillment. In the quantitative phase, 545 retirees were selected through a snowball sampling, providing a diverse sample of age, gender, socio-economic status, and educational background. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The qualitative phase involved randomly selecting 23 participants from the initial cohort for semi-structured interviews, with the data subjected to thematic analysis for deeper insights. Findings revealed a moderate overall enhancement in well-being attributed to leisure activities, with health benefits being most significantly improved. Emotional and social well-being showed moderate enhancements, while self-fulfillment benefits were less pronounced. Demographic variations were evident, with gender, socio-economic status, and education level influencing the perceived benefits. Qualitatively, the importance of cultural alignment in leisure activities was highlighted, underscoring their role in social connectivity and personal development. The study underscores the need for culturally sensitive and accessible leisure programs tailored to the varied needs of the retired population in Saudi Arabia. It provides crucial insights for policymakers and community planners, emphasizing the importance of demographic considerations in leisure interventions to improve retirees' quality of life. This research contributes significantly to understanding leisure's role in enhancing post-retirement well-being, offering a comprehensive perspective for future leisure-related initiatives and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although previous studies report spousal concordance for health behaviors at between-couple levels, concordance at within-couple levels remains unconfirmed. To clarify the behavioral mechanisms of spousal concordance for health behaviors among older couples at both levels, it is necessary to examine the moderators (effect modifiers) of spousal concordance. This study examined (1) whether spousal concordance for dietary variety, exercise behavior, and TV viewing behavior was observed at both the between-couple and the within-couple levels and (2) whether this spousal concordance was moderated by working time among older Japanese couples. Method: This study analyzed data obtained from a questionnaire-based, three-wave longitudinal survey (baseline, 1-year follow-up, 3-year follow-up) among 210 Japanese older couples. Each spouse's dietary variety, exercise time, TV viewing time, the couple's working time, and demographic factors were investigated by multi-level analyses. Results: One spouse's dietary variety and TV viewing time, but not exercise time, were significantly associated with the other spouse's corresponding behaviors at both levels. The regressions of the wife's TV viewing time on the husband's TV viewing time were moderated by working time at the within-couple level; the regressive effects of wife's TV viewing time on husband's TV viewing time were more relevant as working time was lower. Conclusion: This study found that spousal concordance for dietary variety and TV viewing was observed at within-couple and between-couple levels among older Japanese couples. In addition, shorter working time partly moderates the wife's influence on the husband's TV viewing among older couples at the within-couple level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children's time use is a complex developmental phenomenon in need of a more in-depth, detailed understanding. Objective: The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of children's everyday lives in middle childhood and examine how different portfolios and patterns of daily activities occurring at home, school, and community are influenced by multilevel ecological factors. Method: Based on cross-sectional, multi-informant data from a sample of Portuguese 3rd and 4th graders (n = 209), this research expands previous literature by providing a mixture of variable- and person-centered analytical approaches to children's time use. Results: Findings indicate that children's everyday lives are characterized by a diversity of participation portfolios which embody multidimensional, heterogeneous, and qualitatively distinct participation patterns. A total of five different time use clusters were found: "less-active studious", "highly-engaged players", "less-involved after-schoolers", "highly-active homebodies", and "sedentary home screeners". Both portfolios and patterns of activities significantly varied as a function of child characteristics, parental education, family functioning and culture, and the environment quality of activity settings. Conclusions: Variations in ecological affordances and constraints may represent different levels of exposure to developmental opportunities. An ecological developmental perspective of children's time use is necessary and useful to enlighten how families, schools, and communities can positively influence children's lives and effectively support their well-being and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic use of technology of children and adolescents is becoming a growing problem. Research has shown that excessive technology use predicts a variety of psychological and physical health problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leisure time activities (structured and unstructured) in adolescents as a predictor of problematic technology use. Participants were 7723 adolescents, of which 55% were girls, from four Spanish-speaking countries (Chile, Spain, Mexico, and Peru) between the ages of 13 and 18 years. The evaluation instrument applied was the YOURLIFE project self-report questionnaire. Two executive functions were measured: goal setting and inhibitory control. Using structural equation modeling, findings indicated that structured leisure time activities predicted less PTU, whereas unstructured activities predicted more PTU, MLχ2 (69, N = 7723) = 806.60; CFI = 0.929, RMSEA = 0.042, and the model had good predictive capacity for PTU (R2 = 0.46). Structured and unstructured activities also showed indirect effects on PTU through executive functions. As adolescents spent more time in unstructured leisure activities, poorer goal setting, inhibitory control skills, and more PTU were found. The opposite was true for structured leisure time activities. Implications of structured leisure activities to develop executive functioning and to prevent PTU for adolescents are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The previous research on distributed production scheduling focuses on supply side, ignoring the interconnection of supply side and demand side: the delivery time of spare parts from the supply side will influence the maintenance scheduling of distributed equipment of demand side, while the maintenance scheduling of distributed equipment will affect the scheduling decision of supply of spare parts. In addition, in practice, inventory is an important link between manufacturers and customers. Therefore, we firstly propose an optimal scheduling problem of integrated production, inventory and imperfect maintenance with mutual feedback of supply side and demand side, shortened to PIM-DCSP. In PIM-DCSP, production resources and inventory work together to provide spare parts for demand side, while demand side makes imperfect maintenance scheduling for its distributed equipment to postpone deterioration and finally extend the operating time of equipment. The goal of PIM-DCSP is to make an optimal scheduling that jointly optimizes the scheduling of both sides, that is, reasonably arrange production resources, inventory and workers to realize the minimization of the total cost of supplier and the total cost of demander respectively. A mathematical model is established to describe the presented problem and an improved adaptive cooperative algorithm (IACA) is designed. Effective operators including two heuristic initialization methods, six problem-oriented and two random local search structures are developed to strengthen population diversity and search capability. The comparison experiment of IACA and three other outstanding algorithms is carried out on 96 instances, and the superiority of IACA in solving PIM-DCSP is certificated thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current enterprises' needs for skilled cyber-security (CS) professionals have prompted the development of diverse CS training programs and offerings. It has been noted that even though enterprise staff is now more aware of security threats, the number of successful attacks against companies has all but decreased over the years. Several criticisms were raised against current CS training offerings, which often made them inadequate, or unable to change participants' behavior and security attitude. One of the main factors CS training programs are often not very effective is the lack of engagement or motivation of participants. This is often the result of training not being tailored to the needs or preferences of participants. In our previous work, we tackled this issue by developing a personalized learning theory-based model for developing CS training frameworks. In this work, we utilize the model to develop two CS training exercises: two game-based scenarios using the CS training video game Cyber CIEGE and one table-top team exercise. The exercises are later tested by involving a group of 12 students from the Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology (NTNU) Information Security master's degree program. According to the results of the experiment and the feedback from the students, students felt more engaged during the exercises due to having been participants in their development process. This has in turn motivated them to continue using the training tools independently in their spare time. Further research is recommended to establish whether the training development model is adequate for different target groups, as well as better performing than other models when developing full-fledged training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the Matthew-effect in reading, reading comprehension and leisure time reading tend to be reciprocally related. Whereas prior research invested much efforts in the identification and description of variables explaining individual differences in reading comprehension, less efforts were spend on the exploration of variables important for the development of leisure time reading. This study focuses on family literacy activities in preschool age – joint book reading, joint library visits, and the teaching of letters – and how these relate to the children' s later leisure time reading and reading comprehension. Furthermore, the role of parents' education is considered. Empirical findings are based on a sample of N = 1.242 children from the National Education Panel Study (NEPS). Joint book reading and joint library visits in families, both aspects of informal literacy activities, predicted leisure time reading of children in Grade 4, which was related to their reading comprehension. In addition, disparities with regard to parents' education were found. The results are discussed against the background of ways to promote children's leisure time reading and practical implications are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associations between leisure sedentary behavior (especially leisure screen time, LST) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been reported, but causality is unclear. Here, the two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to investigate the causal association between LST and IBS. Two recently published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) including a total of 1,190,502 people from Europe were used as our data source. Inverse variance weighting (OR = 1.120, 95% CI 1.029–1.219) and weighted median (OR = 1.112, 95% CI 1.000–1.236) analyses revealed a causal effect between LST and IBS. There was no evidence of pleiotropy in the sensitive analysis (MR-Egger, p = 0.139). After removing potentially confounding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), similar results were found using inverse variance weighting (OR = 1.131, 95% CI 1.025–1.248) and weighted median (OR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.020–1.299), as well as in the validation analyses using inverse variance weighting (OR = 1.287, 95% CI 0.996–1.662). This study provided support for a possible causal relationship between leisure screen time and IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that the prudential benefits of long-distance leisure travel can justify such trips even though there are strong and important reasons against long-distance flying. This is because prudential benefits can render otherwise impermissible actions permissible, and because, according to dominant theories about wellbeing, long-distance leisure travel provides significant prudential benefits. However, this 'wellbeing argument' for long-distance leisure travel must be qualified in two ways. First, because travellers are epistemically privileged with respect to knowledge about what is good for them, they must look critically at their own assessment of the prudential benefits of a trip. Second, the wellbeing argument is unlikely to support prudential arguments for long-distance leisure trips made by frequent flyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence suggests that regular physical activity (PA) positively impacts individuals' mental health (MH). The PA-MH relationship may be critical among immigrants owing to psycho-social-cultural influences. This scoping review of 61 studies employed a holistic bio-psycho-socio-cultural framework to thoroughly investigate the complex relationship between PA (across life domains) and immigrants' MH in Western countries. A systematic search of five electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Anthropology Plus) was conducted to locate relevant articles. No limitations were applied to study design, age, gender, home country, MH condition or PA type. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed conceptual model guided the analysis of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship. Immigrant PA-MH studies were conducted and reported most commonly in the USA (38%), Australia (18%), and Canada (11%). Overall, PA was positively related to MH. Each domain-specific PA appeared to be associated with unique MH-promoting pathways/mechanisms. Leisure-related PA may support MH by enhancing self-agency and minimizing risky behaviors, whilst travel- and domestic-related PA may promote self-accomplishment and physical engagement. Ethnic sports appeared to enhance resilience. Occupational-related PA was associated with either positive or negative MH, depending on the type of occupation. A bio-psycho-socio-cultural-informed model is required to gain an encompassing and integrated understanding of immigrants' health. The first iteration of such a model is presented here, along with an illustration of how the model may be used to deepen analysis and understanding of the multi-domain PA-MH relationship among immigrants and inform public health planners and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment and participation in extracurricular activities are two common experiences for adolescents, yet little research examines the interplay between these two phenomena, particularly among low-income, racial/ethnic minority adolescents. This study examined whether participation in four types of extracurricular activities—school-based, structured community-based, unstructured community-based, and home-based—was associated with adolescents' PTSD and depressive symptoms over time, and whether those relations were mediated by neighborhood-based sexual harassment. Participants were 537 adolescents who were on average 15.6 years old, 54% girls, and majority Latino/a (n = 416; 77.5%). Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect between unstructured community-based activities, but not structured community-based, school- nor home-based extracurricular activities and PTSD symptoms via sexual harassment. The findings point to the importance of examining how unstructured community-based extracurricular activities may increase neighborhood risks for adolescents, and the need for creating opportunities for adolescents to engage in structured and well supervised after-school extracurricular activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The occurrence of outdoor activity limitation (OAL) among older adults is influenced by multidimensional and confounding factors associated with aging. Aim: The aim of this study was to apply interpretable machine learning (ML) to develop models for multidimensional aging constraints on OAL and identify the most predictive constraints and dimensions across multidimensional aging data. Methods: This study involved 6794 community-dwelling participants older than 65 from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Predictors included related to six dimensions: sociodemographics, health condition, physical capacity, neurological manifestation, daily living habits and abilities, and environmental conditions. Multidimensional interpretable machine learning models were assembled for model construction and analysis. Results: The multidimensional model demonstrated the best predictive performance (AUC: 0.918) compared to the six sub-dimensional models. Among the six dimensions, physical capacity had the most remarkable prediction (AUC: physical capacity: 0.895, daily habits and abilities: 0.828, physical health: 0.826, neurological performance: 0.789, sociodemographic: 0.773, and environment condition: 0.623). The top-ranked predictors were SPPB score, lifting ability, leg strength, free kneeling, laundry mode, self-rated health, age, attitude toward outdoor recreation, standing time on one foot with eyes open, and fear of falling. Discussion: Reversible and variable factors, which are higher in the set of high-contribution constraints, should be prioritized as the main contributing group in terms of interventions. Conclusion: The integration of potentially reversible factors, such as neurological performance in addition to physical function into ML models, yields a more accurate assessment of OAL risk, which provides insights for targeted, sequential interventions for older adults with OAL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity has many benefits, but many individuals with developmental disabilities fail to exercise regularly. Procedures in which consequences were arranged for exercising, alone or as part of a treatment package, have consistently increased physical activity by members of this population. We review 19 studies that arranged such procedures. Single-component, multi-component, and comparison studies are included. Token reinforcement was the most common intervention strategy, appearing in nine studies. Other strategies included auditory, visual, verbal, and edible reinforcement; goal setting; self-monitoring; and verbal cuing. Physical activities included cycling, walking, running, aerobic and strength training activities, and snowshoeing. One-hundred and forty-two people, ranging from 6–67 years of age, participated in these studies. Over 91% of them responded favorably to the intervention. Unfortunately, only three studies, with a total of eight participants, reported maintenance data. Physical activity returned to near baseline levels for seven of them following termination of treatment. Also unfortunately, evaluation of the quality of the 19 studies using the Methodological Quality Rating Scale revealed that most studies were not methodologically strong. It is heartening that interventions for getting people with developmental disabilities to engage in regular physical activity are available. But more high-quality research is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children's daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has been frequently reported as a method of improving happiness. However, the effects of LTPA sufficiency and age differences in adults have been less discussed in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between LTPA sufficiency and happiness based on an age stratification perspective. A total of 16,412 data observations from the Taiwanese Physical Activity Annual Survey (PAAS) were used for this study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the odds ratio of the LTPA-sufficient population on happiness. The odds of happiness were 2.5–3 times higher among LTPA-sufficient young adults (25–29 years old) than among the insufficient group. However, unexpectedly, a negative association was observed between sufficient LTPA and happiness in 35- to 39-year-old men. Intrapersonal differences (e.g., achievement goals and motivational level) and the environment (social context) might play a fundamental role in the LPTA-happiness relationship. Sufficient LTPA was associated with increased happiness among Taiwanese adults. However, the relationships between sufficient LTPA and happiness were not consistent when stratified by age. Further research on the relevant mechanism underlying this phenomenon is warranted. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (CRREC-104-015), registered on 18 October 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses to arts and entertainment media offer a valuable window into human behaviour. Many individuals worldwide spend the vast majority of their leisure time engaging with video content at home. However, there are few ways to study engagement and attention in this natural home viewing context. We used motion-tracking of the head via a web-camera to measure real-time cognitive engagement in 132 individuals while they watched 30 min of streamed theatre content at home. Head movement was negatively associated with engagement across a constellation of measures. Individuals who moved less reported feeling more engaged and immersed, evaluated the performance as more engaging, and were more likely to express interest in watching further. Our results demonstrate the value of in-home remote motion tracking as a low-cost, scalable metric of cognitive engagement, which can be used to collect audience behaviour data in a natural setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability of spare parts inventory in the company is one of the most significant challenges in the field of maintenance and repairs, but on the other hand, the liquidity crisis resulting from the purchase of surplus spare parts is another challenge facing the organizational financial field. Accordingly, accurate forecasting of future consumption is one of the most important solutions for inventory control systems. But because of the impact of so many variables on spare part consumption, most real-world data is chaotic. This leads to the use of classical methods to predict future demand, with high error and low reliability. In this research, a novel and reliable hybrid model based on the support vector machine (SVM), and two single algorithms (STL Decomposed ARIMA and three-layer feed-forward neural network) has been presented to predict the future consumption of spare parts. The proposed model (SVM-ARIMA-3LFFNN hybrid model) also experiments on several chaotic time series in the rapid miner repositories. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed hybrid model attains superior performance compared with a single model and can adapt to chaotic time series. Performance criteria considered in this study are MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and sMAPE. The results indicate that the proposed model can improve the RMSE, MAPE, and sMAPE (up to 30% improvement). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing COVID-19-related stress in children with affective dysregulation (AD) seems especially interesting, as these children typically show heightened reactivity to potential stressors and an increased use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Children in out-of-home care often show similar characteristics to those with AD. Since COVID-19 has led to interruptions in psychotherapy for children with mental health problems and to potentially reduced resources to implement treatment strategies in daily life in families or in out-of-home care, these children might show a particularly strong increase in stress levels. In this study, 512 families of children without AD and 269 families of children with AD reported on COVID-19-related stress. The sample comprised screened community, clinical, and out-of-home care samples. Sociodemographic factors, characteristics of child and caregiver before the pandemic, and perceived change in external conditions due to the pandemic were examined as potential risk or protective factors. Interestingly, only small differences emerged between families of children with and without AD or between subsamples: families of children with AD and families in out-of-home care were affected slightly more, but in few domains. Improvements and deteriorations in treatment-related effects balanced each other out. Overall, the most stable and strongest risk factor for COVID-19-related stress was perceived negative change in external conditions—particularly family conditions and leisure options. Additionally, caregiver characteristics emerged as risk factors across most models. Actions to support families during the pandemic should, therefore, facilitate external conditions and focus on caregiver characteristic to reduce familial COVID-19-related stress. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ADOPT Online: DRKS00014963 registered 27 June 2018, ADOPT Treatment: DRKS00013317 registered 27 September 2018, ADOPT Institution: DRKS00014581 registered 04 July 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports participation has potential to promote physical activity in youth. Unfortunately, sports participation and physical activity may decline from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. Globally, only 20% of 13–15-year-olds meet the World Health Organisation recommendations for physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the 5-year trajectories of sports participation and their association with baseline motor performance in Danish school children as part of the Childhood Health Activity and Motor Performance School Study-Denmark (CHAMPS-DK), a school-based physical activity intervention study which investigated the health benefits of increased physical education lessons. Five distinct trajectories were identified, with group 1 maintained a stable trajectory of little to no sports participation, and group 2 showing a low decreasing trend. Group 3–5, the most sports active, demonstrated increasing sport participation at different rates. Baseline motor performance score was associated with the two most active sports participation groups. Students who were more physically active during school hours participated less in organised leisure time sports. This suggest focusing on improving motor performance in youth may support future sports participation and thus health-related physical activity. But also, that it might be necessary to engage and maintain children and adolescents in leisure time sports while implementing physical activity promotion interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with rapid progression and high mortality. Physical activity (PA) has been identified as a major risk factor for ALS. However, the results across studies are still controversial. We aimed to explore the association between different types of PA and ALS. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for case–control and cohort studies which explored the relationship between PA and ALS from inception to October 2022. The data were analyzed to generate a pooled effect and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 16,686 articles were included in the systematic search. After filtering, 28 studies from online database and 6 studies from references of relevant articles remained in the analysis. Individuals with a history of vigorous physical activity (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), occupational-related activity (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25), leisure time activity (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12), unclassified PA (OR 1.05 95% CI 1.02–1.09) and professional athletes (SMR 5.23, 95% CI 2.67–10.25; SIR 2.54, 95% CI 1.37–4.69) were in higher risk of developing ALS. In contrast, sport-related activity (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.76–1.26) was not associated with ALS. Conclusions: Vigorous physical activity, occupational-related activity, leisure time activity, unclassified PA and professional athletes were associated with a higher risk of ALS, while sport-related activity showed no association with ALS. Our findings clarified the relation between different types of PA and ALS and provided some practicable advice for the lifestyle of high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to experience higher levels of stress and to face more challenges in the marital relationship than other parents. This study aimed to investigate how such couples cope with the stress and challenges of family life. Our qualitative study was based on semi-structured interviews with 42 parents (29 mothers and 13 fathers) of children and adolescents with ASD. Following Bodenmann's systemic transactional model (STM), we used thematic analysis to interpret the interview data and explore how couples coped. We found that study participants employed three types of coping strategies to reduce stress and strengthen the marital relationship. First, individual coping met the need for parents to find respite or "me time." Second, dyadic coping provided a way for members of a couple to support each other and find joint solutions to family challenges. Finally, social support coping played a key role in connecting parents with much needed resources, while allowing them to enjoy some respite and quality time as a couple. Our findings highlight the importance of simultaneously considering individual, dyadic, and social factors for providing a more comprehensive picture of the marital adjustment process. Highlights: Study participants used individual, dyadic, and social coping strategies. Equity between partners and individual respite time were key factors in strengthening the marital relationship. Communication and flexibility were key components of dyadic coping. Social support from relatives and professionals was a crucial factor in marital adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents are not only caregivers to their children; they also have leisure routines that can impact their own well-being. However, little is known about how leisure activities change within the context of a couple during the transition to parenthood. This study uses latent growth curve models and data from the Swedish Pregnancy Panel to examine how often 918 first-time, heterosexual couples participated in six leisure activities from around pregnancy week 19 to one year postpartum. Compared to fathers, mothers less frequently exercised and listened to news, and more frequently read newspapers, spent time for themselves, and spent time with friends. Over time, mothers increased their frequency of praying to God and decreased spending time for themselves and with friends. Fathers decreased frequency of exercise. Within couples, there was a positive correlation between mothers' and fathers' frequency of engaging in leisure activities, although most changes over time were not associated. Our finding that two individuals within a couple may change their leisure activities independently of each other during the transition to parenthood can help healthcare professionals and researchers prepare expectant couples for upcoming changes (or lack thereof) and promote parent well-being. Our findings also highlight the possibility that in contexts with more state support for families, parenthood may not exacerbate gender gaps in leisure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic led countries to place restrictions on the general public in order to protect their safety. These restrictions, however, may have negative psychological consequences as people are restricted in their social and leisure activities and facing daily life stressors. Investigating the relationship between how people are remembering pandemic events and thinking about their futures is important in order to begin to examine the psychological consequences – cognitive and emotional – of the Covid-19 pandemic. The present study examined how characteristics of past and future thinking relate to psychological wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic. In an online questionnaire study, 904 participants in Germany and the USA recalled and predicted negative and positive events related to the pandemic. Participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring cognitions and psychological symptoms. Participants' current psychological wellbeing related to how they remembered events and thought of their future. Participants reported a greater sense of reliving for past compared to future events. However, future events were more rehearsed than past events. Additionally, the emotional impact of positive and negative events differed for the past and the future. Participants seem to be strongly future oriented during the Covid-19 pandemic, but have a negative view of future events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study attempts to borrow the accepted justification of current extant economic, social and human development indicators to give a positive support for the importance of leisure sport activities diversity (LSD). Four common indicators for economic, social and human development are used: gross domestic product per capita, happiness, human development index, and freedom. LSD is defined as the sport resources diversity referring to the provision and accessibility of various sport types in a society for enhancement of life satisfaction. Data for LSD were extracted from the international social survey programme. LSD was measured by a range of sports frequently participated in terms of one person mentioned index, five person mentioned index, 0.1%-index and Cov- (coefficient of variation) index. Spearman correlation analyses between economic, social and human development indicators and indexes of LSD showed that at least one or all indexes of LSD were highly correlated with economic, social and human development indicators, indicating that LSD may engage more sport participation and improve life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of resettlement in a new country represents a significant transition in a person's or family's life, during which there are many changes to their daily activities. While involvement in recreational activities may support such transitions, further exploration of leisure experiences, as defined subjectively by newcomers themselves, is needed. Using an exploratory, community-based participatory approach drawing on photovoice methods, focus groups, and individual interviews, this research project explored the meanings of recreation among newcomers in two communities, one rural and one urban, in Eastern Canada. Forty newcomers (n = 40), originally from 13 different countries, participated in the photovoice activities. Transcripts from three focus groups and five individual interviews were analyzed, first by site to create the photo exhibits and then across sites. Across the two sites, four sub-themes were identified: (1) continuity with, and freedom from, past activities and places; (2) being in and connecting with nature; (3) staying physically and mentally well; and (4) connecting and learning with others through reciprocity. These all contributed to the overarching theme developing a sense of belonging: a series of small encounters. The findings highlight the powerful role of recreation within the resettlement process, and highlight particularly the importance of small, informal recreational experiences that are woven into everyday lives and routines. Such experiences contribute to a sense of belonging for newcomers, thus assisting the resettlement process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-war baseball attendance data afford a unique opportunity to assess how leisure spending fared not only through deflation but also after such shocks as the Spanish Flu of 1918 and the 1929 Wall Street Crash. Long-run analysis via a vector error correction model (VECM) reveals significant cointegration of baseball attendance with both prices and output. A long-run positive relationship with prices offers evidence of a negative impact of deflation on leisure spending, suggesting that deflation is indeed more to be feared than inflation. There are also apparent parallels between the post-pandemic boom in leisure spending in 1919 and the post-2020 experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 2007 and 2008 smoking bans were gradually implemented in all of Germany's sixteen federal states to prohibit smoking in bars, restaurants, and dance clubs. Aimed at reducing smoking and improving health, tobacco control policies are often controversially discussed as they entail potential side effects. We exploit regional variation to identify effects of smoking bans on life satisfaction and leisure time satisfaction. Difference-in-differences estimates reveal that predicted smokers who used to visit bars regularly are less satisfied with life and leisure time, following the enforcement of a smoking ban. We show that changes in use of leisure time likely explain these findings. On the contrary, predicted non-smokers who did not visit bars and restaurants frequently benefit from the smoking bans, as their satisfaction with leisure time increases. They show an increase in hours spent on free-time activities and are more likely to go out with smoking bans in effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the massive growth of tourism on a global scale and the threats involved, the trails must be understood as a geoscience phenomenon of tourist attraction offering a unique experience. The trail allows contact with the geoecosystem to understand the natural dynamics around the wear and tear of use and anthropic action, developing awareness about how to support it. Thus, the objective of this work is to apply the concept of carrying capacity as a useful tool for the planning of the local trail, anchored in the principles of hiking, recreational and leisure activities, as a way to stimulate the commitment to the geoecosystem, following the current official safety standards. Part of a private farm, the Davi Trail is located in the central region of Mucajaí, in the state of Roraima, Brazil, and it is the object of this research. The methodology followed a literature review and field visits carried out from March 10 to 12, 2021, intending to describe the trail, its altimetric profile and carrying capacity. As a result, the trail and its potential for the activity of geotourism are presented. The trail is located 51 km away from the state capital, in Boa Vista, with a well-maintained natural structure. It is an alternative to complement the income of local citizens, as well as contributing to environmental educational practices. The municipality's public policies should integrate the voice of citizens who have deep knowledge of the reality in Mucajaí, boosting the social entrepreneurship of the region and safeguarding the natural geoecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the other leisure activities of people who engage in kink, including sexual practices and the use of alcohol and other drugs. This article examines the drinking, illicit drug use and sexual practices of people who engage in kink from a novel sample of attendees at an English festival. Of 966 respondents, 64 reported having engaged in kink within the past 12 months. We provide evidence of these respondents' self-reported demographic characteristics, alcohol and other drug use in their lifetime and within the past 12 months, as well as other sexual practices they engaged in. This study illustrates the value of accessing participants through in situ festival fieldwork to understand kink practices, and helps us move beyond notions of clustered risky activities toward a leisure studies approach to understanding the practices of people who engage in kink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]