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Background: This in vitro study compared the stability of different fixation method combinations for the zygomatic complex after simulated L-shaped osteotomy reduction malarplasty, a common facial contouring surgery in East Asia with high postoperative complications due to poor fixation methods. Materials and Methods: The study used 108 zygoma replicas with various fixation methods combinations in the zygomatic body (L-shaped plate with short wing on zygoma and on the maxilla, two bicortical screws, one bicortical screw with L-shaped plate, square plate, and rectangular plate) and zygomatic arch (Mortise–Tenon structure, 3-hole plate, and Mortise–Tenon structure plus short screw). The failure force under incremental load was applied through the Instron tensile machine to a well-stabilized model using a rubber band simulating the masseter muscle and recorded the increasing force digitally. ANOVA test was used for comparison between recorded values (P < 0.05). Results: The results showed that the most stable combination was a six-hole rectangular plate and a Mortise–Tenon structure plus one short screw (358.55 ± 51.64 N/mm2). The results also indicated that the placement vector of the fixation methods around the L-shaped osteotomy and the use of the two-bridge fixation method were important factors in enhancing the stability of the zygomatic complex. Conclusion: The study suggested that surgeons should choose appropriate fixation methods based on these factors to reduce postoperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. No Level Assigned: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to analyze the morphological changes of the mandibular angle after orthognathic surgery for mandibular setback and investigate related factors. This retrospective study included patients from January 2017 to December 2021 diagnosed with skeletal class III deformity who underwent BSSRO (Group I) or bimaxillary surgery (Group II). Preoperative (T0), within 1 month postoperatively (T1), and 6 months postoperatively (T2) CT scans were collected from 61 patients to three-dimensionally analyze the proximal segment displacement, the linear and angular changes of the mandibular angle. The gonion points moved posteriorly and laterally (P < 0.001), while the inferior movement was not significant (P = 1.000, P = 0.274). The intergonial width increased by 3.32 ± 1.87 mm and 2.34 ± 1.77 mm as revealed by T2 CTs, respectively, in Group I and Group II. Mandibular angle decreased in both groups and by 1.41 ± 2.95° in Group I and 1.37 ± 3.41° in Group II. The increase in intergonial width between T1 and T0 was negatively correlated with the preoperative mandibular angle (P = 0.003) and positively correlated with the transverse outward movement of the proximal segment (P < 0.001). After surgery, the intergonial width increased and the inferior and posterior border of the proximal segment flared outward. The changes in intergonial width and mandibular angle were mainly related to the rotation of the proximal segment, which has a certain impact on the aesthetics of the lower face. Therefore, controlling the position of the proximal segment is of vital importance to lessen the changes in the mandibular angle area. Level of Evidence III. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to calculate the economic value (EV) of reproductive and growth traits for Yiling sheep. A bio-economic model was developed to assess the economic value of litter size (LS), litter size at weaning (LSW), age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and 6-month body weight (6MW). The sensitivity of the economic value of traits to changes in market prices was also analyzed. In this study, the trait with the highest EV was LSW (427.97 ¥), followed by LS (419.96 ¥), BW (52.13 ¥), 6MW (14.46 ¥), WW (11.03 ¥), AFL (−0.51 ¥), and LI (−9.09 ¥). LS was the most important trait in the production system with a relative economic weight of 22.81%, followed by 6MW and LSW with relative economic weights of 18.98% and 19.01%, respectively. All traits assessed, except AFL and LI, had positive economic values, indicating that genetic improvement of these traits would have a positive impact on profitability. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the economic value of AFL was not sensitive to price changes. All growth traits were unaffected by price changes in labor and medical costs. In addition, the LS, LSW, LI, WW, and 6MW were sensitive to changes in liveweight and feed prices. Generally, as feed prices increased, the economic value of all traits except LI and BW decreased. Except for LI and BW, the economic value of all traits increased due to the rise in liveweight prices. This suggested that liveweight and feed prices significantly affect the profitability of the production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: We developed a new method phenotypic recombination BSA/BSR (PR-BSA/BSR), which could simultaneously identify the candidate genomic regions associated with two traits in a segregating population. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) has been widely used for identifying the genomic regions affecting a certain trait. In this study, we developed a modified BSA/bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) method, which we named phenotypic recombination BSA/BSR (PR-BSA/BSR), to simultaneously identify candidate genomic regions associated with two traits in a segregating population. Lateral branch angle (LBA) and flower-branch pattern (FBP) are two important traits associated with the peanut plant architecture because they affect the planting density and light use efficiency. We generated an F6 population (with two segregating traits) derived from a cross between the inbred lines Pingdu9616 (erect and sequential; ES-type) and Florunner (spreading and alternating; SA-type). The selection of bulks with extreme phenotypes was a key step in this study. Specifically, 30 individuals with recombinant phenotypes [i.e., spreading and sequential (SS-type) and erect and alternating (EA-type)] were selected to generate two bulks. The transcriptomes of individuals were sequenced and then the loci related to LBA and FBP were simultaneously detected via a ΔSNP-index strategy, which involved the direction of positive and negative peaks in the ∆SNP-index plot. The LBA-related locus was mapped to a 6.82 Mb region (101,743,223–108,564,267 bp) on chromosome 15, whereas the FBP-related locus was mapped to a 2.16 Mb region (117,682,534–119,846,824 bp) on chromosome 12. Furthermore, the marker-based classical QTL mapping method was used to analyze the PF–F6 population, which confirmed our PR-BSA/BSR results. Therefore, the PR-BSA/BSR method produces accurate and reliable data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis using different cells and drugs is critical in the field of bone tissue engineering. Recent research has found that erythropoietin (EPO) plays an important role in both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In this study, we grafted polydopamine and EPO onto the surface of biphasic calcium phosphate. The characterization and release property of the modified bioceramics were assessed. Cell proliferation, expression of osteoblastic and endothelial markers, and EphB4/EphrinB2 molecules were investigated while employing co-cultures of two different cells [rat vein endothelial cells (VECs) and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs)]. The modified bioceramics were finally implanted into the SD rats' femurs and followed by investigating the bone defect repair efficacy and the expression of EphB4/EphrinB2 molecules in vivo. The results indicated that the modified bioceramics could control the release of EPO continuously. The osteogenesis and angiogenesis were improved along with the increased expression of EphB4/EphrinB2 molecules. The expression of EphB4/EphrinB2 molecules was also significantly increased in vivo and the bone defect was repaired effectively. Overall, our findings demonstrated that EPO loading on biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics could promote both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The results suggest that EphB4/EphrinB2 may be crucial in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial production creates material conditions for mankind, but also seriously pollutes the environment. In order to avoid pollution damage to the atmosphere, water, sound, and other environments, environmental impact assessments must be carried out before the project starts, and possible environmental pollution factors must be analyzed and predicted in advance. Company A, a manufacturer of mechanical parts, plans to build a new surface treatment production line, including two production links: anodizing and painting. The product coefficient method and the material balance method were used to evaluate and analyze the environmental pollution factors such as waste gas, wastewater, noise, solid waste, and discarded bath solution discharged during the operation period of the production line. The evaluation results show that after chromium mist recovery, spraying, filtration, and activated carbon adsorption and other measures are concentrated treatment, the concentration of various exhaust gas discharged in an organized manner is lower than the standard limit; various wastewater can be recycled after being filtered by ion exchange resin and activated carbon use, a very small amount of concentrated liquid needs to be handled by an external professional unit, and a cofferdam is installed under the production line and the ground is strengthened to prevent leakage, which will not pollute the groundwater environment; the noise level on the four plant boundaries during the operation of the production line meets the noise standard. No noise pollution will be generated; solid waste and discarded bath solutions are centrally stored by the enterprise and entrusted to an external professional unit for processing, and no other pollution will be generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]