10 results
Search Results
2. Childhood neglect and its implications for physical health, neurobiology and development—A scoping review of the literature.
- Author
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Jackson, Annette L, Frederico, M., Cleak, H., and Perry, B. D.
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,NEUROBIOLOGY ,CENTRAL nervous system ,COGNITIVE development - Abstract
There is much evidence of the many risks posed by childhood neglect. A scoping review of the literature found 467 articles on 345 studies from 38 countries reporting a large number of problems for children and adults associated with childhood neglect. After describing the broader scoping review, this paper presents findings specific to physical health, neurobiology and development. Across different neglect sub-types, different populations and different research methods, the weight of research demonstrates substantial risk from neglect including, at the most extreme, fatal outcomes for children. Physical health problems associated with neglect cover many health areas including the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous systems for children and adults. Studies from neuroscience have also shown wide-ranging atypical neurobiological structures and networks following different neglect sub-types especially for children exposed to institutional neglect. Similarly, studies have reported many developmental outcomes associated with neglect especially related to cognitive development. Physical health, neurobiology and general development are interrelated in healthy childhood and in the presence or aftermath of childhood neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Systematic Review Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Parent or Caregiver Report Instruments on Child Maltreatment: Part 2: Internal Consistency, Reliability, Measurement Error, Structural Validity, Hypothesis Testing, Cross-Cultural Validity, and Criterion Validity
- Author
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Yoon, Sangwon, Speyer, Renée, Cordier, Reinie, Aunio, Pirjo, and Hakkarainen, Airi
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PARENT attitudes ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,RESEARCH evaluation ,CHILD abuse ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PSYCHOMETRICS - Abstract
Aims: Child maltreatment (CM) is global public health issue with devastating lifelong consequences. Global organizations have endeavored to eliminate CM; however, there is lack of consensus on what instruments are most suitable for the investigation and prevention of CM. This systematic review aimed to appraise the psychometric properties (other than content validity) of all current parent- or caregiver-reported CM instruments and recommend the most suitable for use. Method: A systematic search of the CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts databases was performed. The evaluation of psychometric properties was conducted according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines for systematic reviews of patient-report outcome measures. Responsiveness was beyond the scope of this systematic review, and content validity has been reported on in a companion paper (Part 1). Only instruments developed and published in English were included. Results: Twenty-five studies reported on selected psychometric properties of 15 identified instruments. The methodological quality of the studies was overall adequate. The psychometric properties of the instruments were generally indeterminate or not reported due to incomplete or missing psychometric data; high-quality evidence on the psychometric properties was limited. Conclusions: No instruments could be recommended as most suitable for use in clinic and research. Nine instruments were identified as promising based on current psychometric data but would need further psychometric evidence for them to be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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4. A Systematic Review of Measures of Child Neglect.
- Author
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Haworth, Simon, Schaub, Jason, Kidney, Elaine, and Montgomery, Paul
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PREVENTION of child abuse ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,MEDICAL databases ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,CLINICAL medicine ,GREY literature - Abstract
Purpose: Child neglect is prevalent in children's social work and assessing neglect is complex because it is multifaceted and opaque. This systematic review identifies and evaluates evidence of tools or measures to better assess child neglect. Methods: Informed by Cochrane methodology and adapted to the needs of social work practice, a systematic search and review of measures of child neglect was undertaken. Ten databases were searched, augmented by grey literature, and contact with relevant experts. Results: Only two measures, the Child Neglect Index (CNI) and modifications of the Maltreatment Classification System (MCS), met the inclusion criteria. Neither tool was completely comprehensive for child neglect. Discussion: Our findings indicate (a) a dearth of suitable tools to measure neglect and (b) the need for robust testing of neglect measures in the social work setting. The current evidence based on measuring child neglect is too limited to effectively inform policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. "Care About us First": Israeli Youths' Perspectives on Child Neglect.
- Author
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Gross-Manos, Daphna, Marey-Sarwan, Ibtisam, Barnea, Osher, and Cohen, Ayala
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PSYCHOLOGICAL abuse ,FOCUS groups ,CHILD care ,CHILD abuse ,ISRAELIS ,QUALITATIVE research ,PARENTING ,ABANDONED children ,EXPERIENCE ,SOUND recordings ,COMMUNICATION ,RESEARCH funding ,PARENT-child relationships ,THEMATIC analysis ,FAMILY relations ,PUBLIC opinion ,RELIGION - Abstract
Child neglect is considered the most common form of child maltreatment with severe implications for children's development. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of scholarly literature examining child neglect, possibly stemming from a lack of consistent definition. The current qualitative study addresses this gap by aiming to understand the phenomena of child neglect from the direct perspective of youth from the general population, a perspective that has so far barely been considered. Data were collected by 10 focus groups conducted among multicultural youth aged 12 to 15 years in the north of Israel. The qualitative-thematic analysis generated three main themes, each including several subthemes: (a) experience of neglectful behavior (lack of parental care, lack of parental priority, dynamics of blaming the child, rejection, and relinquishment of the child); (b) instrumental characteristics of neglect (lack of material and financial investment in the child, expressions of neglect in providing food and nutrition, poor appearance and hygiene of the child and home); (c) lack of parental involvement (lack of parental guidance, lack of communication and availability, lack of presence in the child's life). The perspectives of the Israeli youth resembled existing conceptualizations of child neglect. The youth also added a new dimension to the conceptualizations in their focus on the emotional context involved in the range of neglectful behaviors they described. This new conceptualization of child neglect is discussed together with some suggestions for how it can inform better professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Five of the Most Recurrently Validated Child Maltreatment Assessment Instruments from 2010 to 2020.
- Author
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Georgieva, Sylvia, Tomás, José M., Navarro-Pérez, José J., and Samper-García, Paula
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CHILD sexual abuse ,STATISTICAL reliability ,RESEARCH evaluation ,CHILD abuse ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,EARLY diagnosis - Abstract
Assessment of child maltreatment has been inconsistent across literature due to its complexity, multidimensionality, and the variety of conceptualizations of this construct. Five instruments have recurrently examined psychometric properties across the last years of research: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure, Child Abuse Potential Inventory, Identification of Parents at Risk for child Abuse and Neglect, and Psychosocial Screening Tool. This article aims to examine and wrap up the knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of these instruments. A systematic review was performed through three of the most relevant databases in order to identify the most validated instruments to assess child maltreatment from 2010 to 2020, and 19 research articles were identified. Results indicate that there is a lack of information regarding some psychometric properties and therefore, in the light of this information, it is not possible to clearly determine if there are instruments with stronger scientific evidence for their psychometric properties, although the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale (MACE) obtained the strongest psychometric evidence. This systematic review provided a comprehensive review on the main psychometric properties of five child maltreatment instruments in order to facilitate researchers and child welfare professionals the selection of the most suitable instrument for their specific purpose. We recommend addressing these gaps of information by further examining the psychometric properties of these instruments, and developing valid and reliable instruments for early detection in child maltreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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7. Home, but Left Alone: Time at Home and Child Abuse and Neglect During COVID-19.
- Author
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Bullinger, Lindsey Rose, Boy, Angela, Feely, Megan, Messner, Stephen, Raissian, Kerri, Schneider, William, and Self-Brown, Shannon
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HOME environment ,CHILD abuse ,CHILD development ,MEDICAL referrals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILD welfare ,RESEARCH funding ,SUPERVISION of employees ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
We use high-frequency mobile phone movement data and quick-release administrative data from Georgia to examine how time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic is related to child maltreatment referrals. Findings show that referrals plummeted by 58% relative to previous years, driven by fewer referrals from education personnel. After this initial decline, however, each 15 minutes at home was associated with an increase in referrals of material neglect by 3.5% and supervisory neglect by 1%. Our results describe how children have fared during the initial wave of the pandemic, and the results have long-term implications for child development and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Childhood Maltreatment and Narcissism: The Mediating Role of Dissociation.
- Author
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Bertele, Nina, Talmon, Anat, and Gross, James J.
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NARCISSISM ,CHILD abuse ,DISSOCIATIVE disorders ,NARCISSISTIC personality disorder ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DATA analysis software ,SECONDARY analysis - Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is thought to be linked to adult narcissistic traits. However, it remains unclear how CM is associated with each type of narcissism, vulnerable and grandiose, and what mechanism mediates these links. One potential candidate is dissociation. This study examines the relations among CM, dissociation, vulnerable narcissism, and grandiose narcissism. A total of 322 women completed self-reported questionnaires assessing CM, dissociation, vulnerable narcissism, and grandiose narcissism. To examine the relations among CM, dissociation, and each type of narcissism, we performed Pearson's correlations and mediation analyses. In secondary analyses, we conducted latent class analyses to classify different types of CM and to assess their relations with the study variables. We found small to moderate correlations between CM and vulnerable narcissism, (r =.35, p <.001) and CM and grandiose narcissism (r =.2, p <.001), with the former association being greater than the latter (z = –3.25, p <.001). Dissociation was found to mediate the link between CM and each type of narcissism (p <.001). Results suggest that CM may play a role in the etiology of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, and that dissociation links CM to each type of narcissism. Findings highlight that CM may lead to different responses in terms of narcissism—through the same mediation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Creating and Testing the Reliability of a Family Maltreatment Severity Classification System.
- Author
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Erlanger, Ann C. Eckardt, Heyman, Richard E., and Slep, Amy M. Smith
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EXPERIMENTAL design ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,FIELD research ,FOCUS groups ,RESEARCH methodology ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,CHILD abuse ,INTIMATE partner violence ,SURVEYS ,INTER-observer reliability ,CASE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors - Abstract
Child maltreatment and intimate partner abuse determinations often include judgments (e.g., severity) that go beyond whether or not the allegations are founded. Severity ratings inform multiple stakeholders (e.g., researchers, policymakers, clinicians, supervisors) and response pathways (e.g., "differential response" to child maltreatment). However, because severity guidelines typically only provide global direction for raters, these gradations are often of questionable reliability (and thus validity). Extending earlier work developing and implementing reliable and valid family maltreatment substantiation criteria (e.g., Heyman & Slep, 2006 , 2009), a classification system for maltreatment severity was created, refined, and field-tested with a sample of clinicians from the largest maltreatment protection agency in the United States The goal was to develop operationalized criteria delineating mild, moderate, and severe maltreatment that could be consistently applied across types of maltreatment, raters, and clinics. To facilitate proper use, a computerized clinical decision support tool for the criteria was created. First, the severity classification system was piloted and refined at four sites throughout the United States. Then, clinicians at these sites (N = 28) and a master reviewer independently rated de-identified cases as part of the clinicians' routine assessments. Agreement between clinicians and the master reviewer was excellent for all types of maltreatment. Implications for practical dissemination are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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10. Community Change Programs for Children and Youth At-Risk: A Review of Lessons Learned.
- Author
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Gross-Manos, Daphna, Cohen, Ayala, and Korbin, Jill E.
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ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,SOCIAL support ,LEADERSHIP ,CHILD abuse ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PRIVATE sector ,PUBLIC administration ,RISK assessment ,HUMAN services programs ,COMMUNITY-based social services ,NEEDS assessment ,SOCIAL case work - Abstract
The significant role of the community in the lives of children and youth at-risk has become increasingly clear to social work academics and professionals over the last three decades. Alongside the more traditional individual and family responses, community interventions have been designed to catalyze change in the environment of children and youth at-risk and supply holistic and sustainable responses to their needs. Ten such community intervention programs were identified from the United States, Australia, Canada, and Israel. Most employed the community development model, focused on developing leadership and social capital (improving community networking) and advancing coordination between the organizations and sectors in the field of risk among children and youth. The diverse programs reviewed focused both on at-risk children and youth in general or specifically on child abuse and neglect. The programs originated from different health, education, and welfare disciplines and sponsoring authorities. The majority were funded originally by private foundations; however, government involvement was significant, particularly in the adoption and support of initiatives after their development. The current analysis of the programs refers to core issues that arose from the review: professional orientation, main target unit, main initiator, and research and evaluation. Analysis of program characteristics enables identifying relevant aspects of these programs for use by policy, governmental, and nonprofit sector stakeholders seeking to develop similar programs. Conclusions and recommendations to advance the field are suggested considering the current context of government cuts in welfare funds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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