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Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the overall rate of publication of abstracts presented at the 2016 to 2019 Canadian Association of Radiology Annual Scientific Meeting (CAR ASM), with an emphasis on gender and racial diversity. Methods: Abstracts from publicly available past programs were analyzed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for publication status, time to publication (TTP), author affiliation, and journal of publication. Past programs were used to determine the abstract format, abstract category, and the subspecialty and imaging modalities explored. First author demographics were identified using the Namsor software. Results: Four hundred and sixty-two abstract presentations were included in the analysis with an overall conversion rate of 34.63%. Two hundred and ninety-two (63.2%) of the first-authors were male-identified, of which 104 (35.62%) were published. In contrast, 170 (36.8%) were female-identified, of which 56 (32.94%) were published. Additionally, 50.87% first-authors were identified as white, 38.31% asian, 6.06% black, 4.76% latino, and 0.00% indigenous. While diversity was seen in demographics, 60% of publications had a white first-author. The following conversion rates were found: 40.85% white, 30.51% asian, 25% black, and 13.64% latino. In terms of abstract category, radiologist-in-training had the highest conversion rate at 60.71%. The median TTP was 14 months, with an average impact factor of 5.26. Conclusion: Less than half of abstracts at the 2016 to 2019 CAR ASM were published and both gender and racial disparities in relation to conversion rates were identified. Measures to improve publication rates and overall diversity in Radiology are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which addresses the challenges faced by critical feminist scholars in academia, including threats of violence, state surveillance, and institutional censorship, amidst heightened political and social tensions. Topics covered include the impact of hate and violence on campus environments, the silencing of critical discussions, and the importance of nurturing risk-taking while being responsive to real dangers.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including service user voice complexities, resilience among survivors of trafficking and campus assault, and experiences of Black women social workers during COVID-19.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is currently a source of angst, because of its ability to give us content that sounds uncannily like a real person, and because of concern that people will not stop at using it as a tool to generate and synthesize ideas, but instead will cede control over our words, and then our thoughts. This editorial details each article in Creative Nursing Vol. 30 Issue 2, highlighting the ways in which social media, different kinds of AI, and other tools for connectivity can be used for good: finding our purpose, uniting people over long distances, expediting knowledge implementation, managing large volumes of literature, advancing health equity, and enriching nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We evaluated the presence and impact of unblinding during the influential Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286). Method: Our analysis was part of a Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials reanalysis. Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study trialled fluoxetine, placebo, cognitive behaviour therapy or their combination, in treating adolescents with major depressive disorder. We analysed the accuracy of guesses of fluoxetine or placebo allocation, and their effects on change in Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised at 12 weeks. Results: Of 221 participants allocated to fluoxetine or placebo, 151 adolescents (68%) had their guess about pill-treatment-arm allocation recorded at week 6, and guesses were recorded for 154 independent evaluators, 159 parents and 164 pharmacotherapists. All of these groups guessed treatment allocation more accurately than would be expected by chance (60–66% accuracy; all p -values ⩽ 0.004). Guesses did not become more accurate between 6 and 12 weeks and were not predicted by adverse events, though event documentation was poor. Treatment guess had a substantial and statistically significant effect on outcome (Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised change mean difference 9.12 [4.69; 13.55], β = 0.334, p < 0.001), but actual treatment arm did not (1.53 [−2.83; 5.89], β = 0.056, p = 0.489). Removing guess from the analysis increased the apparent effect of treatment arm, making it almost statistically significant at the conventional alpha-level of 0.05 (p = 0.06). Conclusions: For Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study, treatment guesses strongly predicted outcomes and may have led to the exaggeration of drug effectiveness in the absence of actual effects. The integrity of double-blinding in trials should be routinely assessed and reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this commentary is to provide recent pharmacy school graduates and student pharmacists completing APPEs the essential background for correct vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the inpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features the Moonshot Vision project, the vision statement of the National Autistic Society (NAS), co-produced with autistic people and their families. Topics discussed include how the Moonshot Vision project started, some of the key components of research that creates a society that works for autistic people, and benefit of the partnership approach between charities and research to research.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including lived experiences of gendered violence and resilience, individual and family wellbeing, and healthcare professionals' experiences.

Objective: Publication science is the scholarly study of various aspects of the academic publishing process. Its applications to COVID-19 literature have been limited. Here, we describe COVID-19 submissions to, and resulting articles published by, the journal Public Health Reports (PHR), an important resource for US public health practice. Methods: We reviewed PHR 's COVID-19 submissions and articles published between March 27, 2020, and March 27, 2023. We coded each article for article type, author affiliation, the categories listed in PHR 's call for COVID-19 papers, and the public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results: During the study period, PHR received 1545 COVID-19 submissions and published 190 of those articles in a collection, COVID-19 Response. The COVID-19 Response collection included 102 research articles, 29 case study/practice articles, and 24 commentaries. The corresponding author of more than half (52.1%; n = 99) of the articles was affiliated with academia. By the categories listed in PHR 's call for COVID-19 papers, 51 articles addressed health disparities, 38 addressed public health surveillance, and 34 addressed COVID-19 vaccination. By the CDC public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities, 87 articles addressed public health surveillance and epidemiologic investigation, 38 addressed community preparedness, and 32 addressed community recovery. The percentage of articles focused on policy/law was higher early in the pandemic (2020-2021) than later (2022-2023) (9.5% vs <3.0%). During the latter period, articles largely focused on vaccination (12.8%) and contact tracing (10.6%). Conclusions: Articles published in PHR 's COVID-19 Response collection covered a broad range of topics and were authored by contributors from diverse organizations. Our characterization of the COVID-19 output of a representative US public health practice journal can help academic publishing better address informational needs of public health responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on introducing the concept of "interpersonal energy" as a metaphor to enhance human connection in end-of-life care, suggesting its potential to support the spiritual needs of patients and families. Topics include the definition and exploration of interpersonal energy, its application in palliative care health professions education, and its implications for fostering compassionate patient care and understanding of the subjective experiences in end-of-life interactions.

An editorial is presented on positionality in critical feminist scholarship. Topics include considerations and questions focused on positionality to enhance our work as a board and the work of researchers, authors, and reviewers; and positionalities across race, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexuality, immigration status, religion, class, age, ability.

Purpose: To summarize the most noteworthy infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy articles published in peer-reviewed literature in 2021. Summary: Members of the Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) nominated articles that were deemed to have significant contributions to ID pharmacotherapy in 2021. These nominations included articles pertaining to both general ID, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pharmacotherapy. A total of 35 articles were nominated by HIDN: 30 articles pertaining to general ID pharmacotherapy and 5 articles with HIV/AIDS focus. To select the most influential articles of 2021, a survey was created and distributed to members of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Of the 239 SIDP members who responded to the survey, there were 192 recorded votes for the top 10 general ID pharmacotherapy articles and 47 recorded votes for the top HIV/AIDS article, respectively. The top publications are summarized. Conclusion: Antimicrobial stewardship and the optimal management of infectious disease states continues to be a priority in the midst of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. In light of the sheer volume of ID-related articles published in the past year, this review aims to aid clinicians in remaining up-to-date on key practice-changing ID pharmacotherapy publications from 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors describe the image of a silhouette of William Edward Burghardt Du Bois which was featured in the cover of the journal. They discuss the reasons that Du Bois's image is a meaningful choice, their deep appreciation for Du Bois's approach to social analysis, and information on a journal's paper and what happens when one submits a paper to the journal.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses the articles in the issue on topics including the meaning of 'good character' in care, character-conduct relationship, and character cultivation for enhanced care experiences.

Objective: Data-sharing plays an essential role in advancing scientific understanding. Here, we aim to identify the commonalities and differences in data-sharing policies endorsed by otolaryngology journals and to assess their adherence to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles. Methods: Data-sharing policies were searched for among 111 otolaryngology journals, as listed by Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Policy extraction of the top biomedical journals as ranked by Google Scholar metrics were used as a comparison. The FAIR principles for scientific data management and stewardship were used for the extraction framework. This occurred in a blind, masked, and independent fashion. Results: Of the 111 ranked otolaryngology journals, 100 met inclusion criteria. Of those 100 journals, 79 provided data-sharing policies. There was a clear lack of standardization across policies, along with specific gaps in accessibility and reusability which need to be addressed. Seventy-two policies (of 79; 91%) designated that metadata should have globally unique and persistent identifiers. Seventy-one (of 79; 90%) policies specified that metadata should clearly include the identifier of the data they describe. Fifty-six policies (of 79; 71%) outlined that metadata should be richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes. Conclusion: Otolaryngology journals have varying data-sharing policies, and adherence to the FAIR principles appears to be moderate. This calls for increased data transparency, allowing for results to be reproduced, confirmed, and debated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on expressing gratitude to the peer reviewers who contributed to Clinical Nursing Research (CNR). Topics include acknowledgment of the reviewers' dedication, the journal's selectivity with an acceptance rate of 7-10 percent, and the essential role played by multidisciplinary experts in maintaining the research quality of CNR and emphasizes the significance of peer review, thanking the reviewers for their time and expertise, and expressing hope for continued collaboration.

Objective: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) is an important data source for observational studies. While there are guides to ensure appropriate study reporting, there has been no evaluation of NSQIP studies in vascular surgery. We sought to evaluate the adherence of vascular-surgery related NSQIP studies to best reporting practices. Methods: In January 2022, we queried PubMed for all vascular surgery NSQIP studies. We used the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected Health Data (RECORD) statement and the JAMA Surgery (JAMA-Surgery) checklist to assess reporting methodology. We also extracted the Journal Impact Factor (IF) of each article. Results: One hundred and fifty-nine studies published between 2002 and 2022 were identified and analyzed. The median score on the RECORD statement was 6 out of 8. The most commonly missed RECORD statement items were describing any validation of codes and providing data cleaning information. The median score on the JAMA-Surgery checklist was 2 out of 7. The most commonly missed JAMA-Surgery checklist items were identifying competing risks, using flow charts to help visualize study populations, having a solid research question and hypothesis, identifying confounders, and discussing the implications of missing data. We found no difference in the reporting methodology of studies published in high vs low IF journals. Conclusion: Vascular surgery studies using NSQIP data demonstrate poor adherence to research reporting standards. Critical areas for improvement include identifying competing risks, including a solid research question and hypothesis, and describing any validation of codes. Journals should consider requiring authors use reporting guides to ensure their articles have stringent reporting methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Caroline's first commissioned review is included in this issue such as Sarah Vicary reviews Jeremy Dixon's book on Adult Safeguarding. Topics include children took place during a weeklong summer camp, organized for these children by a nonprofit organization called Prison Fellowship International; and families were approved to adopt a cat through the standard protocol of the animal shelter.

Objective: Microtia is a congenital auricular malformation with a hypoplastic external ear that ranges in severity from a slightly smaller auricle to complete the absence of the auricle. The present study was conducted to identify and analyze the characteristics of microtia-related articles published from 2006 to 2020 by using bibliometric analyses. Method: Microtia-related studies published from 2006 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Keywords, first author, citations, date of publication, and publication journal were extracted and quantitatively analyzed using Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder software and the Bibliometric (https://bibliometric.com/app). VOSviewer was used to visualize research and form a network map on keywords and citations. Results: A total of 1031 articles from 2006 to 2020 were included. The number of articles showed an overall trend of growth over time. The United States and China are the top 2 countries in terms of the number of microtia-related articles. From the analysis of keyword clustering, keywords could be mainly divided into 4 clusters in the field of microtia research: surgery, tissue engineering, epidemiology, and rehabilitation including hearing-related treatments, evaluation of effects, and quality of life after surgery. The top 10 most frequently cited papers from 2006 to 2020 were also extracted and analyzed. Conclusion: A bibliometric research of microtia-related articles from 2006 to 2020 was conducted. This study may be helpful to understand the current research status of microtia and find the research trends in this field, thus proposing future directions for microtia research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) emphasizing the integration of developmental science principles and naturalistic teaching strategies. Topics include recognized as best practice in treating autism spectrum disorder in infants and toddlers; and increasing adoption across various settings and implementers and the need for further research to enhance their efficacy and implementation.

The article focuses on investigating the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in treating patients at extremes of body weight, highlighting the efficacy and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in obese patients and the reduced dosage of edoxaban in low-weight patients. Topics include the comparative effectiveness of DOACs in venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and prevention of cardioembolic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

The article offers information on gaps in patient safety, highlighting areas that require attention. Topics discussed include the need for improved patient safety in clinics, small hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care, with a specific emphasis on the challenges faced by vulnerable populations.

This introduction sets the scene for the five papers of the special issue on 'Reflexivity in Global Social Policy'. It argues that a reflexivity lens can deepen a self-critical assessment of the field and its boundaries, and contribute to more conceptual and analytical nuance. The introduction reviews existing approaches that reflect on the key building blocks of the field – ideas, terminology, and theory – and makes a case for addressing the porous boundaries between scholarship and practice. It subsequently suggests the two notions of perspectivity and performativity to inform further reflexive analyses, before introducing the five papers and five forum contributions that constitute this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of data and numbers has become the key mechanism of both knowing and governing global public policy. And yet, processes of quantification are inherently paradoxical: from expectations of technocratic rationality and political usability of producing 'global' numbers that count for 'local' politics and needs to practical limitation of measurement and the necessity to work with 'good enough' data. This begs a question – how do these competing epistemic, political and value orders manifest themselves through the work that experts do? In this article, we explore the problem by focussing on reflexivity as a way for experts (primarily those working in key International Organisations) to make sense of and tame the tensions inherent in their work. Through rich qualitative exploration of over 80 semi-structured interviews with experts working in the areas of poverty, education and statistical capacity development, we contribute to debates in the social studies of quantification by arguing that reflexivity is not just a mental process that experts engage in but rather an important resource allowing them to make sense of the contradictions inherent in their work and to mobilise political and ethical considerations in the technocratic process of producing numbers. We identify three types of reflexivity: (1) epistemic reflexivity – regarding the quality of data and its epistemic status as reflecting the reality; (2) care-ful reflexivity – regarding values embedded in data and the duty of care to the populations affected by the measurement and (3) instrumental reflexivity – regarding political rationality and necessary trade-off required to realise political goals. Overall, the article argues that reflexivity becomes an increasingly central expert practice, allowing the transformation of the process of quantification into one of qualification enabling them to attach political attributes and values to data and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the journal review process is to ensure that published manuscripts are of high quality and address important topics. Technical criteria about methodology, rigor, and clarity can impact how a manuscript is reviewed. However, journal reviewers rely on accumulated wisdom about credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, timeliness, and relevance to base their judgment about the appropriateness, desirability, or publishability. The purpose of this study was to explore editorial board members' experiences in relation to mixed methods research (MMR). Using a MMR design, we explored the extent to which research judgments, skills, and paradigmatic values are diverse among editorial board members for three high-impact early childhood special education journals and how those features interact when reviewers judge research. First, editorial board members were invited to participate in an online survey. Then, editorial board members who volunteered during the survey were individually interviewed. We present the results and discuss how they can inform peer review process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which discusses the integration of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model, in qualitative health research, highlighting its potential applications in exploring complex health phenomena, understanding patient experiences, and informing healthcare interventions. The author emphasizes the need for caution, reflection, and responsibility in utilizing ChatGPT, particularly in the context of qualitative research.

There has been a remarkable push for the use of positionality statements—also known as reflexivity statements—in scientific-journal articles and other research literatures. Grounded in reputable philosophical traditions, positionality statements are meant to address genuine concerns about the limits of knowledge production. However, there are at least three reasons why they should be avoided in scholarship. First, it is impossible to construct credible positionality statements because they are constrained by the very positionality they seek to address. Second, positionality statements are unnecessary because reducing bias—positional or otherwise—in scientific literatures does not hinge on the biographical details of individual scholars but on the integrity of the collective process of truth-seeking. Third, by asking scholars to disclose information about themselves, positionality statements undermine the very norms and practices that safeguard the impartiality of research. Instead of asking individual scholars to issue subjective declarations about their positionalities, scholarly communities should focus on improving the rules of intersubjective competition at the heart of scientific progress. In our view, the most productive path to increasing representation and reducing positional bias in research is to protect the freedom of scholarly inputs while insisting on methodological transparency and rigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bibliometric analysis has been widely adopted to measure individual productivity and discipline development. This study aims to advance the application of this method in the social work discipline. Method: Using the knowledge mapping technique in CiteSpace 5.8.R3, this study performed a co-word analysis of 1,007 first-authored articles published from 2000 to 2022 by 60 scholars who are listed among the top 2% most-cited scholars on social work and are holding doctoral degrees in the same field. Results: The cluster analysis identified seven main research hotspots and burst detection results revealed four groups of research frontiers, including spiritual and cultural needs, children's wellbeing, social work practices and development, and social work research, with bullying and peer victimization, particularly among African-American adolescents and youth in Chicago's southside, continuing to attract much research interest. Discussion: This study examines how individual works contribute to the conceptual structure and scientific evolution of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States continues to grapple with longstanding policies and systems that have adversely impacted historically marginalized communities who identify (and are racialized) as non-White. These stem from a legacy of structural and systemic racism, and the long-term consequences of sanctioned colonization. This legacy rests upon a field of scholarly research that is similarly fraught with white supremacy. As a field, we must examine the process of producing and publishing the body of evidence that has codified harmful policies and practices. Although racial and ethnic disparities have been discussed for decades in the child welfare and health systems, systemic racism has received comparatively little attention in academic research and journals. In this commentary, the authors detail concrete steps over the coming years that will advance diversity, equity, inclusion and justice through American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children's (APSACs) flagship journal, Child Maltreatment. The journal is committed to anti-racist publication processes, such that the journal pledges to develop procedures, processes, structures, and culture for scholarly research that promotes diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice in all forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss issues concerning the access to autism diagnostic services for children. Topics include the role of community-based assessors in expanding the assessment capacity to deal with the needs for autism diagnostic evaluations in children, aspects to consider for autism diagnosis for children beyond accuracy, and disparities in timeliness of diagnosis among African American and Latin American families in the U.S.

Lay abstracts are brief descriptions or summaries of research that are targeted at a general audience. They are held as an important means for the research community to provide greater transparency to the general public and to increase visibility of the pertinent research. This study aims to examine the extent to which lay abstracts published in the journal Autism are comprehensible to a lay audience in terms of readability measures. Results showed that lay abstracts published in Autism were more readable than their corresponding abstracts but were less readable than plain English texts (e.g. news reports). To our knowledge, this is probably the first comparative study on the readability of lay abstracts. Possible explanations for and implications of these findings were offered. Research papers are sometimes hard to follow. Lay abstracts give a short account of research papers. However, it is unclear whether lay abstracts are readable to the lay people. This study examined the readability of 570 abstracts and lay abstracts published between 2020 and 2022 in the journal Autism. We found that that lay abstracts are easier to read than abstracts but are harder to read than news reports. The findings suggest that lay abstracts, on average, are hard to read for the lay people. We propose that the journal and its authors may invite reviewers from outside the research community to test whether a lay abstract is readable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Norman K. Denzin's death on 6 August 2023, the global community of qualitative researchers lost a visionary scholar and vocal crusader in broad areas of critical and interpretivist theory, pedagogy, and practice. His pioneering work included contributions to symbolic interactionism, symbiotics, performance studies, autoethnography, and narrative performance to name a few. Founder of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (ICQI) and several prominent journals devoted to critical scholarship, he also coauthored the influential Sage handbooks on qualitative research. His impact was titanic. This article examines his influence in one discrete area of journal editorship. However, it also draws broader conclusions about his enormous contributions including: his panache for bold action in the face of paralyzing situations, his efforts to create safe and respected academic spaces for other scholars, his leadership in challenging normative academic culture, his deep-seated belief in the transformational power of qualitative inquiry, and his ever-evident moral compass set on enacting inclusive, compassionate, and socially just communities. A tireless crusader for a more utopian society, his white light vibrations will continue to provide a source of energy for those looking to perform a better version of humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented in the final issue of 2023, dedicated to honoring the memory of Norman K. Denzin, known for his emphasis on moving forward. Topics include reflective essays by Jane L. Gilgun and Karen M. Staller, exploring Denzin's profound influence on social work research, and the introduction of two calls for papers on critical social work and Indigenous methodologies, aligning with Denzin's commitment to transformative scholarship.

This editorial reviews the events of Creative Nursing's 2023 publication year, importantly our transition to Sage Publishing, and the expanded opportunities this new relationship provides in 2024 and beyond. The 11 articles in this theme issue about marginalization are summarized and connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple fields including social work, public health, psychology, and education have been researching school safety issues for the past 40 years. Findings from research and intervention have been a driving force in school safety policy change. Likewise, policy and funding patterns created have dramatically altered how and what school safety researchers study. Yet school safety policy has not been the focus of empirical studies in social work or other research fields as either independent or dependent variables. Based on prior work and current school safety policy issues, the authors created a new theoretical ecological model to generate a conceptual policy-focused model of school safety. They identified thematic, conceptual, methodological, and analytic gaps in the school safety literature using the new model as a guide. Examples from policy and empirical work are given to elucidate the conceptual model. Suggestions are made for researchers and universities to close the gap between school safety research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents some of the injuries inherent in wrestling as a sport. It presents comparisons of injury between college and high school wrestlers. It discusses studies which reported surgical treatment of shoulder instability in competitive wrestlers, results of surgical treatment of recurrent patellar instability, and surgical treatment of isolated meniscal tears in wrestlers including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring autografts.