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This book examines the development and significance of sport in contemporary India, one of the fastest growing sports markets worldwide.Featuring multi-disciplinary work from leading Indian scholars in sociology, economics, politics, law and business, the book demonstrates how sports help us to better understand the sociocultural and economic forces that have shaped modern India and are shaping its global, post-colonial future. The book explores many of the key themes in contemporary sports studies, including women in sports and advertisements, doping, commercialisation, nationalism, sports in education and the growth of fantasy sports, and shows how law and society intersect in sports governance. Examining the historical roots of sport in India and, of course, featuring work on India's greatest game – cricket – the book shines new light on the development of this South Asian superpower and on how sport both reflects and shapes wider society.This book will be fascinating reading for anybody with an interest in Indian or Asian history, culture or society, or in sport business, sport development, sports law, or the sociology and culture of sport.

Incoherence is a term that is all too often associated with the public international law regime. To a great extent, its incoherence is arguably a natural consequence of the fragmented nature of both the development and overall scope of the discipline. Despite significant achievements since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), a coherent human rights regime that is properly integrated with other branches of public international law is still lacking. This book explores this incoherent approach to human rights, including specific challenges that arise as a result of the creation and regulation of legal relationships between parties (state and non-state) that sit outside of the human rights framework, with a view to considering how it may be remedied. Divided into three parts, the collection provides a critical exploration of various challenges and barriers related to the absence of human rights in some instances, contemporary emergence of rights, and a lack of rights fulfilment in others. These three situations are considered within the wider context of, and difficulties facing, a human rights-based approach to international law. Each of the three parts aligns with one of the three prime responsibilities and duties of states in respect of international human rights: to promote, to protect and to fulfil. The contributions represent different perspectives in international law and human rights and how the global agenda of promoting human rights, the rules-based international order and multilateralism requires further strengthening – the lens of incoherence providing a means to understand particular inconsistencies. Chapters focus upon subjects including international investment law, international financial contracts, the arms trade, indigenous peoples'rights, rights of peasants, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, the right to food and transitional justice. Presenting a critical exploration of key contemporary challenges and the implementation of human rights law in different contexts, the collection will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of international law and international relations scholars and practitioners, and students of law, politics and globalisation across the world.

This comprehensive volume examines developments in diplomatic technique and changes in the diplomatic and political structures which shape, and are shaped, by international relations and the international order.It provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the theory, practice and utility of diplomacy showing how diplomatic techniques are used in different contexts and the various tools that are available to policy actors to provide a broad yet deep view of the subject area. Organised around a framework of 11 chapters, the book embraces new ideas and fresh perspectives exploring individual methods such as reorientation, replacement institutions to combat decline or ineffectiveness of existing arrangements, summit conferences, contrasting approaches to economic agreements, and use of secret diplomatic methods, among others. Furthermore, it develops new concepts such as logistics diplomacy, counter diplomacy, parallel diplomacy and the “alternative architecture”, and is widely illustrated with detailed examples including the diplomacy of geopolitics, the conflict over rules for plastics, marine resource disputes, dark trade and sanctions, and influence and strategic surprise.This textbook will be essential reading for all those interested in or studying in the fields of diplomacy, comparative foreign policy, foreign policy analysis, and more broadly, to international relations.

This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive institutional analysis of online dispute resolution (ODR), with a focus on the developments in China as well as their doctrinal and practical implications globally.In the book, a wide range of ODR mechanisms, including online arbitration, online litigation, online mediation, crowdsourced ODR, and blockchain escrow services and more, are thoroughly examined and compared through an original analytical framework that highlights the evolutionary trajectories of dispute resolution in the digital era. The author leverages several empirical studies and her experience working with the Supreme People's Court on formulating the rules for online courts. She presents an insightful, panoramic overview of ODR practices across Chinese courts, arbitration commissions, and online businesses, including detailed case studies and critical analyses of major digital platforms such as Taobao and the internet courts, which informs not only a new conception of justice adapted to the internet society but also different developmental paths for both established and emerging methods of ODR.This book will appeal to scholars, practitioners and policymakers with an interest in online dispute resolution, online courts, law and technology, as well as digital platforms and the internet economy.

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulation and sustainable development in Bangladesh.It is widely accepted that FDI-induced development is essential for the growth of undeveloped economies, but it can create a conflict between the investors'goal of profit maximisation and the host state's pursuit of economic gains. FDI-induced development is especially important for the economy of Bangladesh, the focus of this book, which argues that a balanced regulatory approach is necessary to ensure that FDI benefits all stakeholders. In examining Bangladesh's FDI regulatory regime, the authors reveal that it is investor-centric and lacks a development-oriented approach. They discuss the relevant laws, practices, mechanisms, and institutions that govern the entrance regulations and incentives for foreign investment, as well as the protection of the environment and human rights, with special attention to labour rights, involuntary displacement, and the protection of both the investors and the state in which they invest. From this analysis, the book recommends reforms to introduce development as a primary goal while maintaining Bangladesh's appeal as an FDI destination.The book will be of interest to researchers, students, and academics in the fields of economics, politics, sustainable development, and economic growth. It will also be of great interest to FDI strategists, policymakers, negotiators, administrators, and legislators in creating a balanced regulatory regime to attract FDIs for development.

This book analyses the legal obstacles associated with the advancement of unitization processes and procedures at a national, domestic level.It uses case studies of identified jurisdictions with relevant States practice and unitization experience in terms of the domestic legal framework and practices. For experience in unitization, the book will focus on the following countries: the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Norway, Brazil, Mexico, Ghana and Nigeria. Focusing on best practices which have influenced the development of the unitization concept, the book looks at the formulation of different models and operating agreements, and their potential impact on unexplored hydrocarbon resources, particularly in cases where unitization is necessary.The book will be of interest to practitioners, scholars and students in the field of natural resource law, international law and unitization.

How politics in America works today, how it got that way, and how it's likely to change through reform—these are the themes that pervade every chapter of Cal Jillson's highly lauded American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change. Even in the midst of current challenges, America's past is present in all aspects of the contemporary political system. Jillson uses political development and the dynamics of change as a thematic tool to help students understand how politics works now—and how institutions, participation, and policies have evolved over time to produce the contemporary political environment. In addition, Jillson helps students think critically about how American democracy might evolve further, focusing in every chapter on reform and further change.New to the Thirteeenth Edition Assesses the results of the Biden administration and the impact on the 2024 campaign of Biden's unexpected replacement by Kamala Harris at the top of the ticket. Describes numerous ways in which the American political system has been affected by recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, the demise of Roe v. Wade, inflation, and the border. Assesses the implications of the January 6, 2021 attack on the Capitol, the Trump trials, and what they mean for our political culture and partisan politics. Assesses the implication of'fake news'and'the move to mobile'for our politics.Explores the evidence for increasing polarization in public opinion, voting behavior, and the work of Congress and the courts. Details the impact that the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the war in Israel and Gaza had on U.S. foreign policy and national security alliances.

Exploring the intricate relationship between law, economics, and global politics, this book examines the regulatory environment of the aviation industry.Tracing the historical development of aviation law, the book has a particular focus on how economic polycentrism and the liberal international economic order have influenced the sector's regulatory framework. It discusses the aviation industry's responses to unforeseen global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, providing a detailed analysis of the legal mechanisms that ensure industry stability and resilience. Key topics include the role of arbitration in resolving disputes, the impact of international regulations, and the critical contributions of both public and private actors in shaping aviation law. Additionally, the book explores the challenges posed by new and emerging technologies, such as the increasing automation in aviation systems and the legal considerations surrounding cybersecurity in aviation operations. The collection also features diverse international case studies, offering practical examples of legal challenges and solutions in different contexts. By examining the intersection of various legal disciplines and the global nature of aviation, this comprehensive exploration not only reflects on past and present challenges but also provides forward-looking insights into the future of aviation law.The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of air transport law and dispute resolution, offering a thorough understanding of the legal and economic complexities facing the industry today.

This third edition bridges the theory behind why conflict occurs with specific skills and tools to transform difficult interpersonal encounters into beneficial, constructive exchanges.Providing an understanding of the common causes of conflict, this edition continues its discussions of causes of conflict, what affects how conflict occurs and unfolds, and strategies to manage conflict. Separate chapters are dedicated to examining conflict in common, everyday contexts such as families, friendships, the workplace, or on social media. This edition also features updated information and examples, further connections between conflict and communication, a revised chapter on conflict in close relationships, as well as a new chapter on intercultural conflict.The book is ideal for introductory conflict and communication courses at the undergraduate or graduate level.An instructor manual, significantly updated as well, is also available online, including summaries of the chapters, activities, a test bank, and sample syllabi and assignments. Please visit www.routledge.com/ 9781032412412

This book discusses the importance of the digital economy and its most pressing challenge: the onset of quantum and critical technology. It looks at how its implementation, either on its own or coupled with artificial intelligence, impacts commercial and arbitration law.International trade and investment are increasingly being integrated within national security policy and the law to protect the nation state. A failure to safeguard personal and commercial data will allow other state and non-state actors to set the rules that do not align with the values of the rule of law and transnational rules-based system. This book argues that it is necessary to establish a principles-based approach to governing the development and use of these technologies. Chapters touch on the application of smart contracts, arbitration, as well as mergers and acquisitions and their potential weaponisation in the digital economy due to their ability to transcend national security. Elements of intellectual property, particularly patents and trademarks, and how international legal instruments have directed national law-making are also explored.This is a useful reference for governments, regulators, legal, technologists and policy experts. This is also of interest to scholars looking at personal and commercial data in relation to intellectual property, contracts and international commercial arbitration law.

This book takes a comprehensive approach to investigate how Sharia influences and manifests in the everyday lives of young Muslims, aiming to unravel the meaning and relevance of Sharia-driven laws and practices in English-speaking Western societies. By focusing on the grassroots level, it provides a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of Muslims and their relationship with Sharia. The presence of Muslims in Western countries has a long history, with recent waves of migration and conversions contributing to their increasing numbers. This study recognizes the diverse nature of the Muslim community, comprising both migrants and local converts, who have become integral parts of the pluralistic fabric of multicultural societies. The research draws on in-depth interviews with 122 young Muslim individuals from diverse backgrounds representing three different Western countries: Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Diversity of participants allows for a broader exploration of the Muslim community and the inherent diversity of opinions, interpretations, and practices regarding Sharia. This approach moves beyond theoretical debates, providing concrete insights into the practical implications of Sharia for young Muslims in their respective Western contexts. The book also sheds light on the evolving landscape of information and knowledge acquisition in the age of digital technologies and cyberspace. It explores how young Muslims access and seek knowledge in the twenty-first century, recognizing the impact of changing sources and modes of information on their religious practices and beliefs. This aspect adds a valuable dimension to the study, capturing the dynamic nature of knowledge dissemination and acquisition among young Muslims in Western societies. The book will be fascinating reading for academics, researchers, and policy-makers working in the areas of Law, Political Science, Minority Studies, Religious Studies, and Islamic Studies.

This handbook, edited by Zeller and Andersen, is an indispensable contribution to the field of transnational commercial law. With an introduction by Sir Roy Goode, this book presents perspectives on legal issues of international sales transactions as perceived by world leading experts, exposing pragmatic and modern aspects of everything from drafting, to uniform laws, to dispute resolution.The book divides itself between fundamental knowledge of transnational commercial law (e.g. chapters on forum shopping, CISG, Cape Town Convention, etc.) and current and topical developments (e.g. chapters on blockchain, smart contracts, metaverse, digital assets, etc.). International or transnational trade during the past twenty years has become more and more important, outstripping domestic trade as a hallmark of economic success. Model laws developed by the United Nations and other international bodies are now being transplanted or ratified by countries, so a translational element must always be considered as part of any choice of law.Addressing a global audience, as the instruments dealt with herein apply to many states in different regions, this handbook aims not only at an undergraduate and graduate student audience but also will interest professional lawyers.

American Government: Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure highlights the dangerous tension between our constitutional principles and institutions and the populist heat that sometimes roils our national politics, including at the current political moment. Our constitutional democracy has been under pressure for some time, but few would deny that fears for its fate have deepened in just the past few years. We assume that our political institutions will limit and contain contemporary populism, just as the Founders intended and as they have in the past, but will they? An increasingly polarized electorate, urging their representatives to fight and never to compromise, may be stressing Constitutional limits. This new edition offers to help American government teachers lead their students to a nuanced theoretical and practical understanding of what is happening in the politics of their Constitutional democracy today.New to the Third Edition Further develops and highlights the distinguishing theme of the book, “Constitutional Democracy Under Pressure,” in light of the Trump and Biden administrations. Expands coverage of all media aspects including fake news, social media, responsible journalism, and related topics including foreign manipulation of the news. Describes numerous ways in which the American political system has been affected by the recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, inflation, and security concerns. Evaluates the evidence for increasing polarization in public opinion, voting behavior, and legislative politics. Explores the implications of recent Supreme Court decisions including controversial rulings on reproductive health, the separation of church and state, the environment, and presidential powers. Includes the most recent election results. Updates in all tables, figures, suggested readings plus photo updates throughout.

This book analyses the legal obstacles associated with the advancement of unitization processes and procedures at an international level.Using case studies in international (cross-border) unitization and joint development agreements, the book uses regional examples from the Americas, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. It also touches upon case studies related to ongoing disputes from the South China Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Guinea. Focusing on best practices which have influenced the development of the unitization concept, the book looks at the formulation of different models and agreements, and their potential impact on unexplored hydrocarbon resources, particularly in cases where unitization is necessary.The book will be of interest to practitioners, scholars and students in the field of natural resource law, international law and unitization.

This collection of essays, two of which appear in print for the first time, documents the late Holden Furber's discovery that private ventures, most manifestly deployed in the'country trade'between Asian ports, played a major role in the European expansion in India before the age of empire. Furber vividly describes how individual entrepreneurs used their positions with East India Companies to build personal fortunes, and how these private endeavours, for which the English East India Company gave more latitude, ultimately worked to the benefit of British power in India. One of the continuing strengths of his work remains its use of archival sources, not only British, but also other archival records, in particular those of The Netherlands and Scandinavia. The essays also highlight important connections, between chartered and'clandestine'trade, and piracy; of multinational private investments in the increasingly dominant East India Company; and between the trade of the Indian Ocean and Pacific worlds.

This book analyses relational contract theory within the context of international energy investment agreements.Putting forth an exhaustive assessment of the field, the book provides a pragmatic resolution to the challenges inherent in the relationship between host states and foreign investors. Addressing critical queries confronting legal practitioners, arbitrators, judges, and scholars grappling with contractual imbalances, including the looming threat of expropriation, the book offers comprehensive insights. Balancing the interests of both host states and investors, the volume discusses global case studies which have proven to be efficacious and proposes a solution grounded in existing legal doctrines and practices.The book will be of interest to researchers in the field of energy law, international investment law, and contract theory and law.

This book presents fresh ways of thinking about the future for all those involved in conceiving, planning, designing, funding, constructing, occupying and managing the built environment, to face the challenges, and grasp the opportunities, that lie ahead over the next few decades. Four major themes form the basis of the volume:(1) Future Awareness and a New Sense of Place.(2) Global Governance and Anticipatory Leadership. (3) Innovation, Reform and Exemplars. (4) Urban Planning and Real Estate Transformations. Within these structural themes are a diverse range of'Discourses'addressing many of the big questions and driving forces that face us, together with a proposed methodology (Strategic Foresight) and an array of practical illustrations viewing what can be done today – whether by organisations, individuals, cities or communities – to positively shape a preferred future and manipulate us towards achieving it. It will be important reading for students, practitioners, agencies and corporations across the built environment, especially in the fields of urban planning, real estate development, architecture, civil engineering and construction.

The book offers an analysis of the contradictions between theory and practice in the trading system. It contextualises the colonial legal structure and its impact on the peripheral countries and their participation and gain in the multilateral trading system.The book's core argument effectively situates Economic Partnership Agreements in the ‘systemic'asymmetry, which characterises the relationship between developed and developing countries in global trade. It applies the idea of asymmetry to the relationship between the core countries—the EU/USA and the peripheral countries (ACP)—in the GATT, multilaterally and in the EU-ACP trade relationship, bilaterally. The book identifies that core provisions in the WTO regime such as the special and differential treatment as well as GATT Article XXIV have not lived up to expectations. Underscoring the asymmetrical participation and dominant role of former colonial powers, the book demonstrates how, although trade is generally considered a catalyst for economic growth, developed countries have safeguarded their domestic markets while exerting pressure on developing countries to liberalise and compete. The European Union has taken measures to address the development concerns of African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries through the Lomé Conventions and Cotonou Agreement; however, these relationships still retain and reinforce colonial paternalism, evidenced by recent trade agreements. An alternative possibility—multipolarity—holds promise for African countries, especially intra-African trade and critical engagement with China.The book is an invaluable resource for scholars, postgraduate students, government officials, and policymakers, as it offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of trade negotiations and agreements.

Many countries in the Middle East and North Africa continue to face major economic and political challenges, including volatile economic growth, low economic diversification, high unemployment levels, and, in some cases, pervasive authoritarian regimes. These economic and political challenges are interdependent, and reform is needed in both spheres if structural, long-lasting change is going to be achieved.This book combines the World Bank's concept of “good governance” with other analytical tools of political economy – including rent-seeking theory, political settlements approach, the resource curse, and Dutch Disease – to explore how government institutions in the region affect economic reforms and vice versa. The book also examines the role of institutions and performance of governance on rent distribution, evaluating how governments manage their, sometimes-abundant natural resources. In some “rentier states,” governments are clearly utilizing these resources for their own political ends even at the cost of negatively impacting economic growth, job creation, and social service provision. Economic growth is also constrained by low flows of both private and public investment toward productive sectors that need it. The book analyzes the differences between countries in the Middle East and North Africa in their economic and political structures to show how sustainable economic growth and a level of political democratization can be achieved through enhancing governance institutions.This book will be invaluable reading for researchers on the political economy of the Middle East and institutional economics.

The Routledge Handbook of Public Procurement Corruption showcases the most innovative and exciting research being conducted in this important area of study, providing a comprehensive go-to reference for all who are interested in the topic.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the global race for health and ancillary goods amid global supply chain disruptions demonstrated that, when tested, all countries are incredibly vulnerable to fraud and corruption in public procurement, irrespective of their level of development. Yet despite the widespread nature of the problem, there remains a lack of in-depth, analytical, and cross-country investigations into public procurement corruption. This book addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, geographically balanced treatise on corruption in public procurement. It combines country-specific studies to allow readers to easily compare differing perspectives and approaches and overarching thematic chapters to reflect on new and cutting-edge issues in procurement and their implications for procurement corruption. Key sectors such as healthcare and infrastructure are considered, as well as the role of new technologies, in both combatting and enabling procurement corruption.This Handbook provides academics, practitioners, and graduate researchers of public administration, law, and anti-corruption with all of the tools they need to understand the nuances of public procurement corruption around the world.

This book offers a unique account of Christopher Columbus's first voyage, the most consequential voyage in world history. It provides a detailed day-by-day account of the explorer's travels and activities, richly illustrated with thematic maps.This work expands our understanding of Columbus's first voyage by mapping his sea and land experiences, offering both a historical and geographical exploration of his first voyage. Traveling chronologically through events, the reader builds a spatial insight into Columbus's perspectives that confused and confirmed his pre-existing notions of Asia and the Indies, driving him onward in search of new geographic evidence. Drawing from a diverse range of primary and secondary historical resources, this book is beautifully adorned with illustrations that facilitate an in-depth exploration of the connections between the places Columbus encountered and his subsequent social interactions with Indigenous people. This methodology allows the reader to better understand Columbus's actions as he analyzes new geographic realities with pre-existing notions of the “Indies.” Attention is given to Columbian primary sources which analyze how those materials have been used to create a narrative by historians. Readers will learn about the social and political structures of the Lucayan, Taíno, and Carib peoples, achieving a deeper understanding of those pre-Columbian cultures at the time of contact.The book will appeal to students and researchers in the disciplines of history, geography, and anthropology, and the general reader interested in Colombus.

International Business: Perspectives from Developed and Emerging Markets provides students with a balanced perspective on business in a global environment, exploring implications for multinational companies in developed and emerging markets. This is the first text of its kind to emphasize strategic decision-making as the cornerstone of its approach while focusing on emerging markets.Traditional topics, like foreign exchange markets and global competition, are contrasted with emerging operations, like Chinese market intervention and Islamic finance, to provide students with an understanding of successful business strategy. Readers learn to develop and implement these strategies across cultures and across economic, legal, and religious institutions in order to cope with competitive players in the global landscape. Application-based chapters open with reading goals and conclude with case studies and discussion questions to encourage a practical understanding of strategy.This third edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the latest developments in the field, and includes a host of new features, including: Regular boxed features on responding to crises Regular boxed features on diversity and inclusion New chapter on international entrepreneurship With in-depth analyses and recommended strategies, this edition provides students of international business with the skills they need for success on the global stage. A companion website features an instructor's manual, test bank, PowerPoint slides, and useful links for instructors as well as practice quizzes, flashcards, and web resources for students.

International law is usually conservative, with lawyers and judges emphasizing consistency, stability and predictability as the major advantages of the law. Legal scholars often prefer not to challenge the status quo, to suggest amendments, or to reform institutions, advocating simply to focus on the implementation of the laws that already exist. This collection stands different. It shares the authors'discomfort with the present legal order and some of its institutions and courts, and dives into either a corrective or a profound reimagination of these, so that they can better address rising global challenges. Leading experts in their areas present their new and cutting-edge perspectives. Divided into six parts, the volume paints a vast yet solid thematic landscape of unique and critical approaches. The book invites and allows for a deep engagement with a wide range of opinions from across the world. It enables a free and courageous reimagining of the international legal order, detached from the endless feasibility skepticism. The work will be fascinating reading for students, academics and researchers working in the areas of International Law and International Relations.

The focus of this collection of articles by Donald J. Kagay is the effect of the expansion of royal government on the societies of the medieval Crown of Aragon. He shows how the extensive episodes of warfare during the 13th and 14th centuries served as a catalyst for the extension of the king's law and government across the varied topography and political landscape of eastern Spain. In the long conflicts against Spanish Islam and neighbouring Christian states, the relationships of royal to customary law, of monarchical to aristocratic power, and of Christian to Jewish and Muslim populations, all became issues that marked the transition of the medieval Crown of Aragon to the early modern states of Catalonia, Aragon and Valencia, and finally to the modern Spanish nation.

This book highlights the right to terminate a contract, yielding invaluable insights to enable policymakers and legal practitioners to facilitate international trade.In the modern landscape of globalised trade, the imperative of a harmonised legal framework of contract law capable of fostering stability and trust in cross-border trade has never been more pronounced. This is represented in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), providing rules that can be known, understood and abided by globally. This book focuses on the termination of contracts, one of the harshest remedies when a sale of goods contract is breached by the seller. Breaches by the seller dealt in this book are confined to breaches of contractual description, delivery time and quality of goods, which are the most common violations of sale of goods contracts. This book scrutinises the methods adopted for challenging or facilitating contractual termination by CISG as a transnational law, as well as the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (SGA) and Kuwaiti law (KLaw), both of which are national laws of non-contracting states of CISG. This study also draws attention to lacunae and practical issues, focusing on critical analyses of law and cases, and recognises the adopted themes underlying each law to find the degree of their legal clarity and the threshold upon which termination can be granted. This comprehensive analysis also provides inspiration for beneficial changes by weighing the pros and cons of each system.The book will be of interest to practitioners, students, and scholars in the fields of contract law, trade law, commercial law and international law.

Written by an author team with over sixty years of combined teaching experience, the new edition of The Modern Law of Contract is the complete textbook for students of contract law, providing not only clear and authoritative commentary but also a selection of learning features to enable students to engage actively with the law.The 15th edition has been fully updated to address recent developments in contract law, including the Supreme Court judgments in Sara & Hossein Asset Holdings Ltd v Blacks Outdoor Retail Ltd [2023] UKSC 2, Triple Point Technology, Inc v PTT Public Company Ltd [2021] UKSC 29, Barton v Gwyn-Jones [2023] UKSC 3 and Pakistan International Airline Corp v Times Travel (UK) Ltd [2021] UKSC 40. It offers a carefully tailored overview of all key topics for LLB and GDL courses, and includes a number of learning features designed to enhance comprehension and aid exam preparation, including: boxed chapter summaries that offer a useful checklist for students, and illustrative diagrams to clarify difficult concepts ‘Key cases'that highlight and contextualise the most significant cases ‘For thought'features that ask ‘what if'scenarios ‘In focus'features that provide critical commentary on the law Also including further reading at the end of each chapter and digital learning resources, The Modern Law of Contract enables undergraduate and postgraduate students not only to fully understand the essential details of contract law but also to develop a profound and critical understanding of this fundamental area.

This book's essays aim subversively and resolutely to replace the hegemonic discursive frame governing comparative law. Beyond harnessing negative critique to resist the orthodoxy's self-assured cognitive assumptions, at once unexamined and indefensible, the argument mobilizes negativity as an empowering idea, a resource towards the displacement of the brand of comparative law that has been fostering a closing of the comparing mind. To answer the demands of the moment and herald foreign law research as a creditable intellectual development, one requires to engage in a culturalist theorization and practice of comparative law at radical variance from the prevailing positivist model. The negative turn, then, is a call to comparative action – a comparactive motion – in support of the robustly indisciplined thinking that must thoroughly inform research into foreign law. In photography, the negative has been employed productively to generate a positive print. In comparative law, negation wants to affirm edifying epistemic yields.This book will benefit all law teachers and postgraduate law students interested in the workings of law on the international scene, whether specialists in comparative law, public international law, private international law, transnational law, or foreign relations law – in particular, individuals bringing to bear a critical inclination to their subject-matter.

British Malta, 1798–1835 explores the incorporation and early administration of Malta as a British protectorate, and later as a Crown colony.Few connections existed between Great Britain and Malta before 1798, but Napoleon's Mediterranean ambitions forged a link that remained even after the expulsion of the French. Malta's incorporation into the British Empire encountered numerous and varied challenges: a deadly plague, diplomatic rows, economic rebuilding, continual food supply obstacles, and the unique challenge of governing a long-subjugated population. The Maltese people spent the previous 228 years ruled by an anachronistic crusading order that they were barred from joining. While most sought the protection of the British government, many also strove for more Maltese autonomy and agency. This tension helped define the first three and a half decades of British rule in Malta. Reaching beyond the traditional periodization of the Napoleonic era, this book provides a broader context of the fitful growth of the British Empire.Scholars and general readers drawn to the history of Malta, the British Mediterranean, and the expansion of the British Empire will find value in this narrative history.

This book explores South Korea's experience as an aid recipient, as an aid donor, and as an inter‑Korea aid provider.Analysing case studies of international aid both received and dispensed by South Korea, from the end of the Korean War until the present day, this collection provides a novel lens through which to explore South Korea's development pathway. While it examines the cases of Italian and German aid to South Korea during its early economic development period, this volume also delineates South Korea's international aid in the health and gender sectors. It also discusses the South Korean experience of providing aid to the Mekong region and North Korea. The latter specifically analyses whether this policy represents international altruism or reveals a novel method of international validation for South Korea over its neighbour.Featuring an exploration of South Korea's development on the international stage through the lens of aid, this book will appeal to both students and scholars in the fields of Korean studies, East Asian studies, and Asia Pacific studies, as well as in the disciplines of Development Studies and International Relations and Political Economy, particularly that of aid policies and practices.

Mooting offers a comprehensive examination of mooting and advocacy, combining both theoretical and practical aspects. This definitive guide will equip you with a complete grasp of mooting from the initial preparatory stages through to advocacy in the moot itself.The second edition has been comprehensively revised and updated, reflecting changes brought about by the evolving digital landscape, as well as addressing how mooting can benefit SQE (Solicitors Qualifying Examination) students. Changes and updates include new ‘thinking points'throughout the book, end-of-chapter questions to reinforce learning and understanding, a new section on how to read the book, additional material for students participating in International moots, new material on electronic bundles, and an expanded section on lawyers'skills including more on building confidence and countering nerves.Online video footage of an actual moot brings the practical nature of mooting alive and will give you expert advice and analysis of successful mooting technique as well as tips for improvement. Mooting is essential reading for Law students at all levels.

This collection contains texts from both fields of law and economics. The material demonstrates the complexity of correlating the two areas, examining the relationship between the economy and the legal system and exploring the fundamental social processes and problems involved therein.

This collection brings together an international group of scholars in order to provide new insights into the diversity of imperial legalities.Across empires, legalities were produced not just – or even – through the imperial imposition of laws and legal forms, but through local processes of negotiation and contestation. Far from the metropoles, local actors found ways to creatively navigate and subvert imperial frameworks and laws and to create space in which to shape new legalities, responsive to local circumstance and need. Covering topics as diverse as smuggling in eighteenth century Jersey, the criminalisation of female market women in World War II-era southern Nigeria, and whiteness and race in ‘sexual perversion'cases in twentieth-century Malaya, the collection elaborates new legal histories of empire. Drawing from Britain, Ireland, Australia, Canada, the USA, India, Sri Lanka, Africa and Malaysia, the collection brings together chapters that examine the stories of the peoples of empires and shows how they constituted, experienced, navigated and subverted the legal complexities of living under empire.This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in law and history, but also to those with relevant interests in post-colonial and cultural studies, as well as in criminology and sociology.

This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of trade relations with the Middle East and Arab countries from the perspectives of law, business, policy and culture in the Middle East and the Arab world and their interaction with the wider world, particularly Western countries.The rapidly evolving economy of the Middle East and the Arab region is undergoing significant change, and establishing modern foreign ownership law, robust company, business and investment regulations, modern legal professions while keeping its basic traditional and Islamic principles. This book covers a number of important theoretical and practical aspects of commercial and trade relationships and law. It examines case studies of trade and investment relations between Arab and Middle Eastern countries and Western Countries, such as Australia, UK and US, touching on such topics as corporation law, arbitration and foreign judgments, future mobility and disruptive technology law, financial services law, charity law, trusts and cultural law.Exploring emerging trade and investment ties between Arab and Middle Eastern countries and Western countries, it will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners with an interest in international trade and investment law.

Slapper and Kelly's The English Legal System explains and critically assesses what law is, how it is made and applied, and how it affects the general public.This latest edition has not only been restructured and updated, but extensively refocused, to provide a reliable analysis of the contemporary legal system in the sociopolitical uncertainty of a post-Brexit, post-Covid UK.It retains the key learning features of: useful chapter summaries which act as a good checkpoint for students; ‘food for thought'questions at the end of each chapter to prompt critical thinking and reflection; sources for further reading and suggested websites at the end of each chapter to point students towards further learning pathways; and a fully updated online resource for students and instructors. Trusted by generations of academics and students, this authoritative textbook is a permanent fixture in this ever-evolving subject.

This book presents an analysis of the effectiveness of European Union cross-border insolvency proceedings. It provides a thorough assessment of the development of cross-border insolvency proceedings established in the Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings ((EU) 2015/848) and how they contribute to the general goals of the EU internal market. Insolvency law has not been subject to a global mandatory harmonization process, with no globally biding legal act. Instead, the landscape of international insolvency law is characterized by a patchwork of national laws that seek to accommodate cross-border insolvencies and soft law agreements. In the EU cross-border insolvency law holds significant importance in ensuring the smooth operation of the internal market. Fostering international investments and legal foreseeability in insolvency proceedings, it upholds the fundamental freedoms within EU law. This book covers the main elements of EU cross-border insolvency law, such as jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of judgments. It also focuses on previously unexplored areas, such as the exercise of creditors'rights in cross-border insolvency cases and the tracing and recovery of assets and discusses the application of the Restructuring and Insolvency Directive ((EU) 2019/1023) in relation to the rescue of viable companies and the discharge of debts for insolvent entrepreneurs. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of insolvency law, EU law and private international law. It will also be useful for national legislators and EU institutions working on the development of EU insolvency law.

This book demonstrates how the political economy of mercantilism was not simply a Western invention by various cities and kingdoms during the Renaissance, but was the natural by-product of perpetually limited growth rates and rulers'relentless pursuits of bullion. It contributes to discussions of the economic history surrounding the so-called “Great Divergence” between East and West, which would consequently lend context and credence to differences of economic thought in the world today. Additionally, it seeks to explain present economic thought as tacitly derived from implicit antique paradigms. This book advances fields of research from numismatics and sigillography to historical materialism and historical political economy.Divided into three parts, Orthodox Mercantilism first examines the political theology (the sovereignty) of the œcumene from the early 11th century. Second, it analyzes its peripheral legislation from the customary laws of newly Christianized dynasties up to the Kormčaja Kniga's adoption (the Nomokanon) by 13th-century Orthodox dynasties across Eastern Europe. Third, it explores how these dynasties (and their own satellite dynasties) hoarded finite bullion to pay for defense, resulting in the 11–14th-century coinless period across Eastern Europe and Western Eurasia.Appealing to students and scholars alike, this book will be of interest to those studying and researching economic and mercantile history, particularly in the context of Byzantine and Eastern European societies.

Originally published in English in 1964, this volume describes the ghettos which formed medieval enclaves in the cities of Renaissance and post-Renaissance Europe. In their overcrowded quarter where the only protection against disease and epidemics was their own religious rules, the Jews were constantly exposed to violent attack, looting, and arson. Yet despite these conditions, the period of the ghetto was one of the richest eras of Jewish exile. The Bible was read and closely studied, culture and learning flourished and philosophical ideas were discussed and debated. The ghetto gave birth to Spinoza.

Coal is a topic that has been, remains, and will continue to be of significant interest to those concerned with the causes, course and consequences of industrialization and de-industrialization. This six-volume, reset collection provides scholars with a wide variety of sources relating to the Victorian coal industry.

Covering both the principles and practice of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), this important new textbook equips students not only with a contextual understanding of the role of ADR in adjudicating civil disputes but also with the different forms of mediation and ADR available and the key issues in their application.Providing theoretical and practical insights, the book begins with a critical examination of the tenets on which ADR is based, where it sits in relation to civil law, and how it is applied in different national contexts. It discusses the various areas in which mediation or arbitration can be applied, from family mediation to restorative justice, and includes chapters on the ethics of mediation and its psychology, as well as an introduction to online dispute resolution (ODR). The concluding chapter offers some thoughts on the benefits and challenges of mediation.Featuring a glossary of key terms, detailed case law, end-of-chapter problem questions, and advice around listening skills during a mediation process, Mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution is an essential textbook for any student approaching ADR for the first time and offers practitioners an opportunity to reflect on the context of ADR.

When Politics Meets Religion presents a fresh exploration of the relationship between religion and politics worldwide.The volume includes topics covering Europe, such as the European far right, the contours of'European identity', and how religious cleavages affect value orientation of Europeans. It also covers country-focused issues and events, such as the influence of Orthodox Christianity in Russia, Christian nationalism in the United States, the influence of religion on Turkish foreign policy, the political role of the Catholic Church in the Philippines, Chinese attitudes towards religious deprivatization, and how liberation theology found its way from Latin America to the Holy Land. The volume is supplemented with several analyses on the intersection between law, society, and religion. It deals with religious mediation and political conflicts, how the current religious governance in France affects the Orthodox Jewish community, as well as how taxing the church's economic activities can be a contributor to the common good, and why Muslims should treat Sharia law as only a moral code in the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Through rigorous research, case studies, and critical analysis, this volume explains how religion and politics mix in different settings, and why it is important for us to study this complex relationship. The volume will appeal to scholars and graduate students of political science and religious studies, as well as interested professionals working for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or governments.

This book asks why justice is important to both individuals and to society as a whole. A number of justice questions are raised to evaluate whether mediation can deliver social, distributive, procedural, or substantive justice and fairness.Focussing on a scrutiny of mediation in the context of justice, the book covers social justice and justice issues posed by confidentiality, bias, lack of fairness, and Online Dispute Resolution. Discussing whether mediation can truly deliver justice to all, this book identifies areas where this fails and provides solutions and suggestions for improvement.. The dangers of private justice, bias, mandatory mediation, and the side lining of the importance of fairness in the resolution of disputes are all considered. In contrast, the positive aspects of mediation are added to the balance.This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of conflict resolution, law, and social science. Readers will also be found among mediators and people interested in justice and the civil justice system.

Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) are often criticized due to insufficient regulatory provision, thus lowering clients'confidence in them. Additionally, few countries have well-established legislation relating to the Islamic finance industry, while others are only now developing preliminary regulations to incorporate Islamic finance within their own financial systems. This book offers a comprehensive understanding of Islamic financial regulation, outlining the regulatory landscape in various jurisdictions, examining how it supports the development and foundation of IFIs and addressing the regulation and supervision of IFIs from a global perspective. The book begins by introducing Islamic finance and its current position in the international banking system, then goes on to review the historical developments of the field. It discusses the key financial regulators, their functions, and the regulations that have been implemented to foster the growth of Islamic finance. It includes cases from both Eastern and Western countries. It thoroughly examines how Shariah principles are integrated into the regulatory framework of Islamic finance. Specifically, the book examines the laws and arrangements established in different countries regarding the governance of the Islamic finance industry as well as the legal criteria for setting up and governing IFIs. The focus is on exploring diverging laws and their impact on developing Islamic Finance. This will serve as an academic and practitioner guide to understanding the preliminary regulations required for the establishment, governance, and management of IFIs. Also, it offers practical insights and guidance for professionals working in the Islamic finance industry, including bankers, lawyers, regulators, and policymakers.

The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2024 serves as an unequalled one-volume guide to the contemporary international system.Within a clear, unique framework the recent activities of all major international organizations are described in detail. Given alongside extensive background information the reader is able to assess the role and evolving functions of these organizations in today's world.The contact details, key personnel and activities of more than 2,000 international and regional entities have again been thoroughly researched and updated for this 25th edition.Highlights in this edition include:- a fully revised Who's Who section with biographical details of the key players in the international system.- the response of the international community to crises and conflicts throughout the world.- specially-commissioned introductory essays cover topics including global environmental governance, transboundary water management, and multilateral governance and global action on health.

How did free trade emerge in early-modern times? How did the Mediterranean as a specific region – with its own historical characteristics – produce a culture in which the free port appeared? What was the relation between the type of free trade created in early-modern Italy and the development of global trade and commercial competition between states for hegemony in the eighteenth century? And how did the position of the free port, originally a Mediterranean ‘invention', develop over the course of time? The contributions to this volume address these questions and explain the institutional genealogy of the free port.Free Trade and Free Ports in the Mediterranean analyses the atypical history and conditions of the Mediterranean region in contradistinction with other regions as an explanation for how and why free ports arose there. This volume engages with the diffusion of free ports from a Mediterranean to a global phenomenon, whilst staying focused on how this diffusion was experienced in the Mediterranean itself. The contributions to this volume bring together the traditional issues of religious openness and tolerance in physically separated areas and the role of consuls and governors, via fiscal techniques, architectural and administrative aspects, with questions about geopolitical balance and primacy.The book will be of interest to scholars in a wide range of historical sub-disciplines (early modern, Mediterranean, global economic, political, and institutional, just to mention a few) and to students wishing to perfect their knowledge of the Mediterranean and its global interconnections, and of the origins of free trade.

This book examines the international investment agreements and the dispute settlement mechanisms contained therein, which bind the Gulf Cooperation Council member States.The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, is complex and unique. Recently, all member States have experienced increasing investor–state arbitration claims, while their nationals are increasingly instituting investor–state arbitrations to protect their own foreign investments. Intra-GCC disputes, though relatively rare, have also appeared, largely as a result of the recent Gulf crisis. While focussing particularly upon the investor–state dispute settlement experience of member States as respondents, the book also explores the experiences of their nationals as claimants to determine how they can approach investor– state dispute settlement in the future. The book also reflects on existing treaty-making practices, making recommendations for regional-level dispute settlement to improve upon investor–state dispute settlement outcomes.This book provides a detailed analysis of the global investor–state dispute settlement regime and international investment agreements, and it will be of interest to students, academics, and practitioners with an interest in international investment law and arbitration.

This book demonstrates how populist security narratives served as the driving force behind the mobilization of Republican voters and the legitimation of an ‘America First'policy agenda under the Trump presidency. Going beyond existing research on both populism and security narratives, the author links insights from political psychology on collective narcissism, blame attribution and emotionalization with research in political communication on narrative and framing to explore the political and societal impact of a populist security imaginary. Drawing on a comprehensive range of sources including key interviews, campaign and policy speeches, presidential addresses, and posts on social media, it shows how progressives, political opponents, immigrants, racial justice activists, and key institutions of liberal democracy collectively became an internal Other, delegitimated as ‘enemies of the people'. Developing an innovative conceptual-analytical framework of nationalist populism that expands on established concepts of political identity and ontological security, the book will appeal to students of critical security studies, critical constructivist approaches in International Relations, and US politics.