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Radiation anomalies in optical remote sensing images frequently occur due to electronic issues within the image sensor or data transmission errors. These radiation anomalies can be categorized into several types, including CCD, StripeNoise, RandomCode1, RandomCode2, ImageMissing, and Tap. To ensure the retention of image data with minimal radiation issues as much as possible, this paper adopts a self-made radiation dataset and proposes a FlexVisionNet-YOLO network to detect radiation anomalies more accurately. Firstly, RepViT is used as the backbone network with a vision transformer architecture to better capture global and local features. Its multiscale feature fusion mechanism efficiently handles targets of different sizes and shapes, enhancing the detection ability for radiation anomalies. Secondly, a feature depth fusion network is proposed in the Feature Fusion part, which significantly improves the flexibility and accuracy of feature fusion and thus enhances the detection and classification performance of complex remote sensing images. Finally, Inner-CIoU is used in the Head part for edge regression, which significantly improves the localization accuracy by finely adjusting the target edges; Slide-Loss is used for classification loss, which enhances the classification robustness by dynamically adjusting the category probabilities and markedly improves the classification accuracy, especially in the sample imbalance dataset. Experimental results show that, compared to YOLOv8, the proposed FlexVisionNet-YOLO method improves precision, recall, mAP0.5, and mAP0.5:0.9 by 3.5%, 7.1%, 4.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. Its effectiveness in detecting radiation anomalies surpasses that of other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of blockchain platforms to bolster the security of Internet of Things (IoT) systems has attracted significant attention in recent years. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic survey papers in the literature addressing these platforms. This paper discusses six of the most popular emerging blockchain platforms adopted by IoT systems and analyses their usage in state-of-the-art works to solve security problems. The platform was compared in terms of security features and other requirements. Findings from the study reveal that most blockchain components contribute directly or indirectly to IoT security. Blockchain platform components such as cryptography, consensus mechanism, and hashing are common ways that security is achieved in all blockchain platform for IoT. Technologies like Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) can further enhance data and communication security when used alongside blockchain. To enhance the applicability of blockchain in resource-constrained IoT environments, future research should focus on refining cryptographic algorithms and consensus mechanisms to optimise performance and security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a portable IoT station. Communication and data synchronization issues in several installations are addressed here, making possible a detailed analysis of the entire system during its operation. The system operator requires a synchronized data stream, combining multiple communication protocols into one single time stamp. The hardware selected for the portable IoT station complies with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) industrial standards. A short discussion regarding interface customization shows how easily the hardware can be modified so that it is integrated with almost any system. A programmable logic controller enables the Node-RED to be utilized. This open-source middleware defines operations for each global variable nominated in the Modbus register. Two applications are presented and discussed in this paper; each application has a distinct methodology utilized to publish and visualize the acquired data. The portable IoT station is highly customizable, consisting of a modular structure and providing the best platform for future research and development of dedicated algorithms. This paper also demonstrates how the portable IoT station can be implemented in systems where time-based data synchronization is essential while introducing a seamless implementation and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With remarkable advancements in the development of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), the integration of teleoperation has become crucial for improving safety and operational efficiency. However, teleoperation faces substantial challenges, with network latency being a critical factor influencing its performance. This survey paper explores the impact of network latency along with state-of-the-art mitigation/compensation approaches. It examines cascading effects on teleoperation communication links (i.e., uplink and downlink) and how delays in data transmission affect the real-time perception and decision-making of operators. By elucidating the challenges and available mitigation strategies, the paper offers valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and practitioners working towards the seamless integration of teleoperation in the evolving landscape of CAVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an algorithm for the conversion of raster data to hexagonal DGGSs in the GPU by redevising the encoding and decoding mechanisms. The researchers first designed a data structure based on rhombic tiles to convert the hexagonal DGGS to a texture format acceptable for GPUs, thus avoiding the irregularity of the hexagonal DGGS. Then, the encoding and decoding methods of the tile data based on space-filling curves were designed, respectively, so as to reduce the amount of data transmission from the CPU to the GPU. Finally, the researchers improved the algorithmic efficiency through thread design. To validate the above design, raster integration experiments were conducted based on the global Aster 30 m digital elevation dataDEM, and the experimental results showed that the raster integration accuracy of this algorithms was around 1 m, while its efficiency could be improved to more than 600 times that of the algorithm for integrating the raster data to the hexagonal DGGS data, executed in the CPU. Therefore, the researchers believe that this study will provide a feasible method for the efficient and stable integration of massive raster data based on a hexagonal grid, which may well support the organization of massive raster data in the field of GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-class geospatial object detection in high-resolution remote sensing images has significant potential in various domains such as industrial production, military warning, disaster monitoring, and urban planning. However, the traditional process of remote sensing object detection involves several time-consuming steps, including image acquisition, image download, ground processing, and object detection. These steps may not be suitable for tasks with shorter timeliness requirements, such as military warning and disaster monitoring. Additionally, the transmission of massive data from satellites to the ground is limited by bandwidth, resulting in time delays and redundant information, such as cloud coverage images. To address these challenges and achieve efficient utilization of information, this paper proposes a comprehensive on-board multi-class geospatial object detection scheme. The proposed scheme consists of several steps. Firstly, the satellite imagery is sliced, and the PID-Net (Proportional-Integral-Derivative Network) method is employed to detect and filter out cloud-covered tiles. Subsequently, our Manhattan Intersection over Union (MIOU) loss-based YOLO (You Only Look Once) v7-Tiny method is used to detect remote-sensing objects in the remaining tiles. Finally, the detection results are mapped back to the original image, and the truncated NMS (Non-Maximum Suppression) method is utilized to filter out repeated and noisy boxes. To validate the reliability of the scheme, this paper creates a new dataset called DOTA-CD (Dataset for Object Detection in Aerial Images-Cloud Detection). Experiments were conducted on both ground and on-board equipment using the AIR-CD dataset, DOTA dataset, and DOTA-CD dataset. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management and exchange of electronic health records (EHRs) remain critical challenges in healthcare, with fragmented systems, varied standards, and security concerns hindering seamless interoperability. These challenges compromise patient care and operational efficiency. This paper proposes a novel solution to address these issues by leveraging distributed ledger technology (DLT), including blockchain, to enhance data security, integrity, and transparency in healthcare systems. The decentralized and immutable nature of DLT enables more efficient and secure information exchange across platforms, improving decision-making and coordination of care. This paper outlines a strategic implementation approach, detailing timelines, resource requirements, and stakeholder involvement while addressing crucial privacy and security concerns like encryption and access control. In addition, it explores standards and protocols necessary for achieving interoperability, offering case studies that demonstrate the framework's effectiveness. This work contributes by introducing a DLT-based solution to the persistent issue of EHR interoperability, providing a novel pathway to secure and efficient health data exchanges. It also identifies the standards and protocols essential for integrating DLT with existing health information systems, thereby facilitating a smoother transition toward enhanced interoperability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network development has made it easier to access multimedia material and to change it by allowing the collection, modification, and transmission of digital data. Additionally, this has led to a rise in malicious use, including unauthorized data distribution and copying. As the quantity of evil activities increases, security issues such as unauthorized use and image forgery are rising. While security solutions for JPEG-1 images are widely available, there remains a significant gap in protection for JPEG 2000 images. In this paper, we propose a new watermark-based forgery detection method to comply with the JPEG Privacy and Security standards and to authenticate JPEG 2000 image integrity in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The method proposed divides JPEG 2000 images into groups of blocks (GOBs) within the DWT domain. The watermark is generated by collaborating with the neighboring GOBs and is embedded in the GOBs. It enables you to respond to the collage attack. Experimental results using various sample images show the superiority of the proposed method, showing negligible visual differences between the original and watermarked JPEG 2000 images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As automatic test technology advances, the number of programmable instruments in a single test system increases. Traditional wired communication methods have a limited range and involve complex cable layouts. Single-function wireless converters provide a viable alternative, but they have limitations. These include complicated configuration, issues with multi-system collaboration, and data blocking. This paper proposes a wireless ad hoc network platform for multi-bus instruments based on a low-cost ESP-12H WiFi module. The platform supports GPIB, RS232, RS485, and CAN bus interface instrument access. It features easy configuration, ad hoc networking, and self-repairing capabilities. A relay multi-hop network with a tree topology expands capacity and coverage. Additionally, a dynamic window-receiving mode and an improved multi-priority queue ensure data transmission integrity. The experimental results show that the platform's networking time is less than 10 s, and the coverage range reaches 50 m in complex indoor environments. It also shows good stability when running for a long time. However, due to hardware and software design limitations, the actual upload speeds fall short of the theoretical values. For example, RS232 and RS485 are about 10% slower than the theoretical values, and GPIB is about 80% slower. Further optimization is required in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores secure communication systems with a chaotic carrier. The use of chaotic oscillations instead of regular van der Pol oscillators as a signal carrier is a promising and active research area, providing not only communication systems with new protection principles and organization but also high steganographic efficiency when transmitting short messages. The problem is to select methods and techniques for mixing a useful signal into a chaotic one and its recovery on the receiver side, featuring a set of properties acceptable for implementation and real-world application. We demonstrate application of synergetic control theory (SCT), which provides advanced observer-basing methods for nonlinear dynamic systems as well as explore example of data transmission system consisting of a Genesio–Tesi chaotic oscillator, data signal transmission with a method of nonlinear modulation, and recovering with a single-channel synergetic observer at the receiver side. The paper presents a nonlinear state observer modeling procedure followed by building a MATLAB/Simulink simulation model of the data transmission system for the PC-platform along with software implementation for the Raspberry Pi platform, with simulation and experimental run results showing data transmission rates seem to be acceptable for the considered practical applications. Practical applications and limitations issues are discussed. Future research will be universal modeling procedures for different classes of chaotic generators and whole system experimental hardware implementation. The obtained results can be primarily used in short messages and/or encryption keys secure transmission systems, cyber-physical system component command communications, as well as chaotic carrier system R&D competitive studies and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the expansion of wireless mobile networks into both the daily lives of individuals as well as into the widely developing market of connected devices, communication is an increasingly attractive target for attackers. As the complexity of mobile cellular systems grows and the respective countermeasures are implemented to secure data transmissions, the attacks have become increasingly sophisticated on the one hand, but at the same time the system complexity can open up expanded opportunities for security and privacy breaches. After an in-depth summary of possible entry points to attacks to mobile networks, this paper first briefly reviews the basic principles of the physical layer implementation of 4G/5G systems, then gives an overview of possible attacks from a physical layer perspective. It also provides an overview of the software frameworks and hardware tool-software defined radios currently in use for experimenting with 4G/5G mobile networks, and it discusses their basic capabilities. In the final part, the paper summarizes the currently most promising families of techniques to detect illegitimate base stations—the machine-learning-based, localization-based, and behavior-based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has played a pivotal role in modern intelligent transportation systems, enabling seamless information exchange among vehicles to enhance road safety, traffic efficiency, and overall driving experience. However, the secure transmission of sensitive data between vehicles remains a critical concern due to potential security threats and vulnerabilities. This research focused on investigating the security protocols that have been employed in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems. A comprehensive review and analysis of relevant literature and research papers was conducted to gather information on existing V2V communication security protocols and techniques. The analysis encompassed key areas, including authentication mechanisms, encryption algorithms, key management protocols, and intrusion detection systems specifically applicable to V2V communication networks. Within the context of real-world V2V environments, this study delved into the challenges and limitations associated with implementing these protocols. The research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current V2V communication security protocols. Furthermore, based on the findings, this paper proposes improvements and recommendations to enhance the security measures of the V2V communication protocol. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of more secure and reliable V2V communication systems, propelling the advancement of intelligent transportation technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expected development of the future generation of wireless communications systems such as 6G aims to achieve an ultrareliable and low-latency communications (URLLCs) while maximizing the data rates. These requirements push research into developing new advanced technologies. To this end, massive multiple input multiple output (MMIMO) is introduced as a promising transmission approach to fulfill these requirements. However, maximizing the downlink-achievable sum rate (DASR) in MMIMO with a frequency division duplex (FDD) transmission mode and limited coherence time (LCT) is very challenging. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a DASR maximization approach using a feasible power allocation optimization method. The proposed approach is based on smartly allocating the total transmit power between the data transmission and training sequence transmission for channel estimation. This can be achieved by allocating more energy to the training signal than the data transmission during the channel estimation process to improve the quality of channel estimation without compromising more training sequence length, thus maximizing the DASR. Additionally, the theory of random matrix approach is exploited to derive an asymptotic closed-form expression for the DASR with a regularized zero-forcing precoder (RZFP), which allows the power optimization process to be achieved without the need for computationally complex Monte Carlo simulations. The results provided in this paper indicate that a considerable enhancement in the DASR performance is achieved using the proposed power allocation method in comparison with the conventional uniform power allocation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing is an online data storage system that can be easily accessed anywhere. Various algorithms and techniques have been developed to secure cloud data, which, if used correctly, can detect cloud attacks. These algorithms can only detect cloud data attacks and cannot prevent such attacks. If an attacker gains access to the data, he or she can tamper with the data in any way that could lead to misuse of the data. This paper will design a secure architecture for securing data with various algorithm implementations on the architecture so that cloud data can be saved from replay attacks. First, a text file will be taken, the text file will be encrypted using the encryption mechanism, and this file will be transmitted on the SaaS cloud server platform. Whenever a file is uploaded to a cloud server, it will be broadcast across the network, after which any user can access it, whether it is valid or invalid. Whenever a file is downloaded from a cloud server, it will be necessary to decrypt it to access it. If the file is successfully decrypted, then the file will be verified. A verification mechanism will be used to verify the data, which will be used to check whether a replay attack has been made on the data or not. If the data authentication is successful, this data will be called authentic data. The novelty of this paper is that an algorithm has been developed in this paper to prevent replay attacks so that if the data is retransmitted with slight changes, then the authenticity and inauthenticity of the data will be identified. Recent papers will be compared with the proposed paper in the conclusion, and it will be pointed out how much better the current technique is than the previous one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As blockchain technology advances, cross-chain interoperability has become a crucial requirement for achieving seamless interaction among multiple chains. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a scholarly approach to the development of a cross-chain-secure transmission technique, incorporating the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) and the SM algorithm, which is based on trusted roots. This research paper elaborates on the design and implementation of the cross-chain-secure transmission technique based on TPM and the SM algorithm, emphasizing the academic rigor necessary for addressing the security requirements of cross-chain interactions. The research shows that compared with the previous method, the throughput of production capacity is not significantly different from that before and after adding the network delay, and the success rate of preventing attacks is increased by 46.9% by simulating related attacks. After multiple rounds of experiments, the effectiveness and feasibility of this technology in protecting cross-chain communication data are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graham and Pollack in 1971 presented applications of eigenvalues of the distance matrix in addressing problems in data communication systems. Spectral graph theory employs tools from linear algebra to retrieve the properties of a graph from the spectrum of graph-theoretic matrices. The study of graphs with "few eigenvalues" is a contemporary problem in spectral graph theory. This paper studies graphs with few distinct distance eigenvalues. After mentioning the classification of graphs with one and two distinct distance eigenvalues, we mainly focus on graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues. Characterizing graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues is "highly" non-trivial. In this paper, we classify all trees whose distance matrix has precisely three distinct eigenvalues. Our proof is different from earlier existing proof of the result as our proof is extendable to other similar families such as unicyclic and bicyclic graphs. The main tools which we employ include interlacing and equitable partitions. We also list all the connected graphs on ν ≤ 6 vertices and compute their distance spectra. Importantly, all these graphs on ν ≤ 6 vertices are determined from their distance spectra. We deliver a distance cospectral pair of order 7, thus making it a distance cospectral pair of the smallest order. This paper is concluded with some future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond-5G (B5G) technology plays a pivotal role in the next generation of communication infrastructure to support the future Society 5.0, a concept introduced in the 5th Basic Plan for Science and Technology by the Japanese Cabinet to define the long-term growth strategy for reconciling economic development with the resolution of social issues through the promotion of science and technologies. Free-space laser communication is a key element in boosting the data transmission capabilities required for B5G applications. The NICT will complete in 2024 the first fully functional prototypes of a series of miniaturized laser-communication terminals for multiple platforms. These terminals are designed to adapt to a wide range of requirements to address scenarios where laser communications can offer a competitive, enhanced solution compared to existing technologies. This paper provides an overview of these terminals' capabilities and the plans for their functional validation, as well as preliminary data from the first full-system tests. A number of innovations integrated into the terminals are introduced, such as the manufacture of the smallest miniaturized EDFA with integrated HPA and LNA and full space qualification to date, the first-ever integration of a beam-divergence control system in a practical communication terminal, the development of the most compact Tbit/s-class modem prototype documented in the literature, and the smallest gimbal design integrated in a lasercom terminal. Furthermore, this paper outlines the mid-term plans for demonstration in the most significant realistic scenarios, emphasizing the use of High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPSs) and ultra-small satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the control task of a wireless power transfer (WPT) charger designed for electric vehicles (EVs). The challenge is to maintain a constant battery charging current when the WPT is controlled on the ground side. Indeed, the intermittent latency involved in the wireless data communication between the ground and vehicle sides leads to system instability. To overcome this issue, a new control approach has been proposed in this paper. The proposed technique ensures indirect control of the battery charging current through control of the current on the ground side. The control technique relies on an adaptive hill-climbing algorithm in conjunction with a PI-based controller. The adaptive parameter is adjusted online, during the operation of the charger, only when a new measure of the battery charging current is received on the primary side. This makes it possible to avoid the need for real-time wireless data communication. It should be noted that this aspect is crucial in ensuring the controller's robustness and stability of the system regardless of potential delays in wireless communication and large misalignments between the coils. The validity of the proposed control technique has been confirmed through simulation. In addition, experimental validation, using a laboratory test bed, demonstrated satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A continuing need to improve health, safety and wellbeing in construction has led to multiple research projects and technological innovations. One such innovation is the Safety Risk Library: a repository of data that functions in BIM environments to assist designers and contractors in identifying health and safety risk scenarios and offer suitable validated treatments to mitigate their effects. This paper reports on the deployment of this library in several construction projects across the United Kingdom and reviews expert and practitioner opinions of such digital solutions for improving health and safety in the future. This paper makes several contributions. The description of an effective process for knowledge base creation, including the data extraction workflow, the anonymization of data and the definition of communication channels aligned to project working practices, is instructive for innovation developers, providing informative guidance through lessons learned. The discussion of expert and practitioner opinions of the functional knowledge base to improve health and safety performance could inform further technological developments in the field and provide empirical insights for developers. Additionally, the alignment of the Safety Risk Library to existing industry standards (PAS1192:6) for better sharing and use of structured health and safety information illustrates how digital solutions can connect directly with industry standards to facilitate improvements to working practices whilst also changing perceptions of how risks may be visualised, understood and actioned by duty holders engaged in construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-sensitive networks enable the high-quality mixed transmission of various types of business flows. However, the Time-Aware Scheduler mechanism fails to address the issue of interference in data flows with the same priority. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the store-and-forward mechanism in switches, combining it with the characteristics of critical GOOSE and SV-type flows in substations. By introducing methods such as setting offsets and allocating redundant time slots to the data flow of the transmitter in the TAS scheduling mechanism, all factors that cause conflicting interference to the data flow transmission in the TSN network are solved, and the uncertain queuing delay is eliminated. The proposed scheduling algorithm, compared to the TAS scheduling algorithm of the FIFO rule, achieves a maximum reduction of 34.35% in the transmission delay of critical business flows, while the jitter is controlled below 10 μs. Compared to the strict priority algorithm, it reduces the transmission delay by 40.26% while maintaining the standard deviation of delay within 1.59%. The maximum transmission delay and the minimum transmission delay of the data flow scheduled in this paper are between the theoretical boundary values without queuing delay, which satisfies the deterministic transmission of critical business flows under high load conditions, and provides support for future substation integrated networking and high load applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are commonly used in communication systems to improve the system performance, but LDPC codes takes too long for decoding, making communication inefficient and unsuitable for short-frame data transmission methods. In underwater acoustic channels, spread-spectrum communication becomes an effective way to realize long-distance communication. This paper combines short-block LDPC codes with a direct sequence spread spectrum and soft spread spectrum in underwater acoustic communication, addressing the problem of the inapplicability of conventional LDPC codes. The applicability of the proposed method in this paper is verified through simulation tests and pool experiments. The results indicate that the proposed communication system achieves lower bit error rates compared to the classical coding methods used in underwater acoustic spread-spectrum communication systems under the same channel conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the transmission correlation issue arising from traditional named data networking (NDN) caching during segmenting contents, where users must obtain data blocks related to the requested file blocks to recover the source data, in this paper, we propose an NDN-based coded caching strategy for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, using coding operations to remove the transmission correlation of data. To achieve efficient content distribution, the satellite node's coded package is strategically placed with the objectives of minimizing the backhaul link load and content acquisition latency. The optimization problem is solved by using a multi-colony ant colony algorithm, enabling fast content retrieval. We designed a cluster cooperative distribution mechanism to simplify the satellite network's management and reduce the load of satellite links for content distribution when covered by multiple satellite nodes. Finally, we compare the multi-objective coded caching (CCMO) introduced in this paper with the most popular (MP) strategy and the random-based coded caching (CCR) strategy; the average cache hit ratio, backhaul link load, and content acquisition delay are compared and analyzed. The results show that CCMO performs better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, data transmission has become a key component of globalization and international cooperation. However, it faces several challenges in protecting the privacy and security of data, such as the risk of information disclosure on third-party platforms. Moreover, there are few solutions for personal data protection in cross-border transmission scenarios due to the difficulty of handling sensitive information between different countries and regions. In this paper, we propose an approach, personal data protection based on homomorphic encryption (PDPHE), to creatively apply the privacy computing technology homomorphic encryption (HE) to cross-border personal data protection. Specifically, PDPHE reconstructs the classical full homomorphic encryption (FHE) algorithm, DGHV, by adding support for multi-bit encryption and security level classification to ensure consistency with current data protection regulations. Then, PDPHE applies the reconstructed algorithm to the novel cross-border data protection scenario. To evaluate PDPHE in actual cross-border data transfer scenarios, we construct a prototype model based on PDPHE and manually construct a data corpus called PDPBench. Our evaluation results on PDPBench demonstrate that PDPHE cannot only effectively solve privacy protection issues in cross-border data transmission but also promote international data exchange and cooperation, bringing significant improvements for personal data protection during cross-border data sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is one of the main features of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), which uses connectivity to improve the efficiency of adaptive cruise control (ACC). The addition of reliable communication systems to ACC reduces fuel consumption, maximizes road capacity, and ensures traffic safety. However, the performance, stability, and safety of CACC could be affected by the transmission of outdated data caused by communication delays. This paper proposes a Lyapunov-based nonlinear controller to mitigate the impact of time-varying delays in the communication channel of CACC. This paper uses Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals in the stability analysis to ensure semi-global uniformly ultimately bounded tracking. The efficaciousness of the proposed CACC algorithm is demonstrated in simulation and through experimental implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D modeling and reconstruction are critical to creating immersive XR experiences, providing realistic virtual environments, objects, and interactions that increase user engagement and enable new forms of content manipulation. Today, 3D data can be easily captured using off-the-shelf, specialized headsets; very often, these tools provide real-time, albeit low-resolution, integration of continuously captured depth maps. This approach is generally suitable for basic AR and MR applications, where users can easily direct their attention to points of interest and benefit from a fully user-centric perspective. However, it proves to be less effective in more complex scenarios such as multi-user telepresence or telerobotics, where real-time transmission of local surroundings to remote users is essential. Two primary questions emerge: (i) what strategies are available for achieving real-time 3D reconstruction in such systems? and (ii) how can the effectiveness of real-time 3D reconstruction methods be assessed? This paper explores various approaches to the challenge of live 3D reconstruction from typical point cloud data. It first introduces some common data flow patterns that characterize virtual reality applications and shows that achieving high-speed data transmission and efficient data compression is critical to maintaining visual continuity and ensuring a satisfactory user experience. The paper thus introduces the concept of saliency-driven compression/reconstruction and compares it with alternative state-of-the-art approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainstream research on information theory within the field of living systems involves the application of analytical tools to understand a broad range of life processes. This paper is dedicated to an opposite problem: it explores the information theory and communication engineering methods that have counterparts in the data transmission process by way of DNA structures and neural fibers. Considering the requirements of modern multimedia, transmission methods chosen by nature may be different, suboptimal, or even far from optimal. However, nature is known for rational resource usage, so its methods have a significant advantage: they are proven to be sustainable. Perhaps understanding the engineering aspects of methods of nature can inspire a design of alternative green, stable, and low-cost transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the characterization of radio propagation, and data communication in a marine environment. More specifically, we consider signal propagation when three different sub-gigahertz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, i.e., 169 MHz, 434 MHz, and 868 MHz, are used. The main focus of the paper is to evaluate the path loss (PL), i.e., the power loss that a propagation radio wave would experience when communication occurs between a sail boat and a buoy. We describe the measurement results obtained performing three different radio power measurement campaigns, at the three different aforementioned ISM sub-gigahertz bands. We also want to correlate the radio propagation quality with the weather conditions present in the measurement areas. The obtained results show that higher distances are achieved by transmitting at lower frequencies, i.e., 169 MHz, and, on average, the propagation is directly dependent from the dew point index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8b/10b IBM encoding scheme is used in a plethora of communication technologies, including USB, Gigabit Ethernet, and Serial ATA. We propose two primitive-based structural designs of an 8b/10b encoder and two of an 8b/10b decoder, all targeted at modern AMD FPGA architectures. Our aim is to reduce the amount of resources used for the implementations. We compare our designs with implementations resulting from behavioral models as well as with state-of-the-art solutions from the literature. The implementation results show that our solutions provide the lowest resource utilization with comparable maximum operating frequency and power consumption. The proposed structural designs are suitable for resource-constrained data communication protocol implementations that employ the IBM 8b/10b encoding scheme. This paper is an extended version of our paper published at the 2022 International Symposium on Electronics and Telecommunications (ISETC), Timisoara, Romania, 10–11 November 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of science and technology, UAV technology has been widely used in various fields. As an essential part, light and small UAV platforms have the advantages of being small, lightweight, and easy to operate and thus have been widely used in aerial photography, monitoring, rescue, and other fields. However, the traditional data transmission method can no longer meet the demand for the data transmission speed and stability of small and light UAV platforms. Wireless optical communication has the advantages of being high-speed and license-free, as well as having a large bandwidth strong anti-interference ability, and good confidentiality. Therefore, this paper aims to study high-speed data transmission technology for light and small UAV platforms to improve their transmission speed and stability. In this paper, the characteristics and advantages of UAV airborne laser communication are first elaborated to illustrate the advancements and importance of data transmission technology based on light and small UAV platforms. Then, the composition of a UAV airborne laser communication system is clarified to illustrate the feasibility of conducting airborne laser communication research. Then, the current domestic and international research status of people on light and small UAV airborne laser communication high-speed data transmission systems is reviewed, and its key technical features are analyzed. Finally, the prospects for its application and development trend are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mobile communications transform, 5G technology can potentially change many industries and businesses. The change will have a great influence across many fields, such as the automotive, healthcare, and manufacturing sectors. This paper aims to review the existing applications of blockchain technology in providing 5G network security and identify new possibilities for such security solutions. We consider different aspects of blockchain in 5G, particularly data transmission, access control, and applications including vertical industry-oriented applications and specific solutions supporting such sectors of economic activity. The paper briefly describes modern technologies in 5G networks and introduces blockchain's properties and different aspects of using such technology in practical applications. It also presents access control management with blockchain applied in 5G and related problems, reviews other blockchain-enforced network technologies, and shows how blockchain can help in services dedicated to vertical industries. Finally, it presents our vision of new blockchain applications in modern 5G networks and beyond. The new-generation networks use two fundamental technologies, slicing and virtualization, and attackers attempt to execute new types of attacks on them. In the paper, we discuss one of the possible scenarios exhibiting the shortcomings of the slicing technology architecture. We propose using blockchain technology to create new slices and to connect new or existing subscribers to slices in the 5G core network. Blockchain technology should solve these architectural shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have found more and more applications in remote control and monitoring systems. Energy management in the network is crucial because all nodes in the WSN are energy constrained. Therefore, the design and implementation of WSN protocols that reduce energy depletion in the network is still an open scientific problem. In this paper, we propose a new clustering protocol that combines DEC (deterministic energy-efficient clustering) protocol with K-means clustering, called DEC-KM (deterministic energy-efficient clustering protocol with K-means). DEC is a very energy-efficient clustering protocol that outperforms its predecessors, such as LEACH and SEP. K-means ensures more effective clustering and shorter data transmission distances within the network. The shorter distances improve the network's lifetime and stability and reduce power consumption. Additional heuristic rules in DEC-KM ensure improved cluster head selection, taking into account node energy level and position and minimising the risk of premature cluster head exhaustion. The simulation results for the DEC-KM protocol using MATLAB show that cluster heads have shorter distances to nodes in cluster areas than for the original DEC protocol. The proposed protocol ensures reduced energy consumption, outperforms the standard DEC, and extends the stability period and lifetime of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of external devices and network connectivity into autonomous vehicles has raised significant concerns about in-vehicle security vulnerabilities. Existing security mechanisms for in-vehicle bus systems, which mainly rely on appending authentication codes and data encryption, have been extensively studied in the context of CAN and CAN-FD buses. However, these approaches are not directly applicable to Ethernet buses due to the much higher data transmission rates of Ethernet buses compared to other buses. The real-time encryption and decryption required by Ethernet buses cannot be achieved with conventional methods, necessitating an acceleration in the speed of cryptographic operations to match the demands of Ethernet communication. In response to these challenges, our paper introduces a range of cryptographic solutions specifically designed for in-vehicle Ethernet networks. We employ an AES-ECC hybrid algorithm for critical vehicle control signals, combining the efficiency of AES with the security of ECC. For multimedia signals, we propose an improved AES-128 (IAES-128) and an improved MD5 (IMD), which improve encryption time by 15.77%. Our proposed security mechanisms have been rigorously tested through attack simulations on the CANoe (version 10) platform. These tests cover both in-vehicle control signals, such as braking and throttle control, and non-critical systems like multimedia entertainment. The experimental results convincingly demonstrate that our optimized algorithms and security mechanisms ensure the secure and reliable operation of real-time communication in autonomous vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of satellite-borne machine learning hardware accelerators has enabled the onboard processing of payload data using machine learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A notable example is using a CNN to detect the presence of clouds in the multispectral data captured on Earth observation (EO) missions, whereby only clear sky data are downlinked to conserve bandwidth. However, prior to deployment, new missions that employ new sensors will not have enough representative datasets to train a CNN model, while a model trained solely on data from previous missions will underperform when deployed to process the data on the new missions. This underperformance stems from the domain gap, i.e., differences in the underlying distributions of the data generated by the different sensors in previous and future missions. In this paper, we address the domain gap problem in the context of onboard multispectral cloud detection. Our main contributions lie in formulating new domain adaptation tasks that are motivated by a concrete EO mission, developing a novel algorithm for bandwidth-efficient supervised domain adaptation, and demonstrating test-time adaptation algorithms on space deployable neural network accelerators. Our contributions enable minimal data transmission to be invoked (e.g., only 1% of the weights in ResNet50) to achieve domain adaptation, thereby allowing more sophisticated CNN models to be deployed and updated on satellites without being hampered by domain gap and bandwidth limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the evolving landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), ensuring the security and integrity of data transmission remains a paramount challenge. Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is commonly utilized in IoT networks to facilitate efficient data routing. However, RPL networks are susceptible to various security threats, with Sybil and flood attacks being particularly detrimental. Sybil attacks involve malicious nodes generating multiple fake identities to disrupt network operations, while flood attacks overwhelm network resources by inundating them with excessive traffic. This paper proposes a novel mitigation strategy leveraging Bloom filters and hash chains to enhance the security of RPL-based IoT networks against sybil and flood attacks. Extensive simulation and performance analysis demonstrate that this solution significantly reduces the impact of sybil and flood attacks while maintaining a low power consumption profile and low computational overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common mitigations against network-borne security threats is the deployment of firewalls, i.e., systems that can observe traffic and apply rules to let it through if it is benign or drop packets that are recognized as malicious. Cheap and open-source (a feature that is greatly appreciated in the security world) software solutions are available but may be too slow for high-rate channels. Hardware appliances are efficient but opaque and they are often very expensive. In this paper, an open-hardware approach is proposed for the design of a firewall, implemented on off-the-shelf components such as an FPGA (the Xilinx KC705 development board), and it is tested using controlled Ethernet traffic created with a packet generator as well as with real internet traffic. The proposed system can filter packets based on a set of rules that can use the whitelist or blacklist approach. It generates a set of statistics, such as the number of received/transmitted packets and the amount of received/transmitted data, which can be used to detect potential anomalies in the network traffic. The firewall has been experimentally validated in the case of a network data throughput of 1 Gb/s, and preliminary simulations have shown that the system can be upgraded with minor modifications to work at 10 Gb/s. Test results have shown that the proposed firewall features a latency of 627 ns and a maximum data throughput of 0.982 Gb/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitivity and exclusivity attached to personal health records make such records a prime target for cyber intruders, as unauthorized access causes unfathomable repudiation and public defamation. In reality, most medical records are micro-managed by different healthcare providers, exposing them to various security issues, especially unauthorized third-party access. Over time, substantial progress has been made in preventing unauthorized access to this critical and highly classified information. This review investigated the mainstream security challenges associated with the transmissibility of medical records, the evolutionary security strategies for maintaining confidentiality, and the existential enablers of trustworthy and transparent authorization and authentication before data transmission can be carried out. The review adopted the PRSIMA-SPIDER methodology for a systematic review of 122 articles, comprising 9 surveys (7.37%) for qualitative analysis, 109 technical papers (89.34%), and 4 online reports (3.27%) for quantitative studies. The review outcome indicates that the sensitivity and confidentiality of a highly classified document, such as a medical record, demand unabridged authorization by the owner, unquestionable preservation by the host, untainted transparency in transmission, unbiased traceability, and ubiquitous security, which blockchain technology guarantees, although at the infancy stage. Therefore, developing blockchain-assisted frameworks for digital medical record preservation and addressing inherent technological hitches in blockchain will further accelerate transparent and trustworthy preservation, user authorization, and authentication of medical records before they are transmitted by the host for third-party access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new design for a multimode fusion communication system, aimed at tackling the complexities of modern aeronautical communication. The system integrates multiple communication technologies, such as ad hoc networking, 5G, BeiDou satellite, RTK positioning, and ADS-B broadcasting. This integration effectively solves the problem of increasing the size and weight of aviation communication equipment while also improving the efficiency and security of data communication. The study demonstrates that the implementation of this fusion communication system can lead to the development of more efficient and intelligent avionics equipment in the future, thereby offering robust technical support for flight safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deploying Cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) devices in urban and remote areas faces significant energy efficiency challenges. This is especially true for Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices, which are expected to function on a single charge for up to 10 years while transmitting small amounts of data daily. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced energy-saving mechanisms in Releases 13 to 16, including Early Data Transmission (EDT) and Preconfigured Uplink Resources (PURs). These mechanisms extend battery life and reduce latency by enabling data transmission without an active Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection or Random Access Procedure (RAP). This paper examines these mechanisms using the LENA-NB simulator in the ns-3 environment, which is a comprehensive framework for studying various aspects of NB-IoT. The LENA-NB has been extended with PURs, and our analysis shows that PURs significantly enhance battery life and latency efficiency, particularly in high-density environments. Compared to the default RAP method, PURs reduce energy consumption by more than 2.5 times and increases battery life by 1.6 times. Additionally, PURs achieve latency reductions of 2.5–3.5 times. The improvements with PURs are most notable for packets up to 125 bytes. Our findings highlight PURs' potential to enable more efficient and effective CIoT deployments across various scenarios. This study represents a detailed analysis of latency and energy consumption in a simulated environment, advancing the understanding of PURs' benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-knowledge proofs have emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing privacy and security in blockchain applications. However, the efficiency and scalability of proof systems remain a significant challenge, particularly in the context of Merkle tree inclusion proofs. Traditional proof aggregation techniques based on AND logic suffer from a high verification complexity and data communication overhead, limiting their practicality for large-scale applications. In this paper, we propose a novel proof aggregation approach based on OR logic, which enables the generation of compact and universally verifiable proofs for Merkle tree inclusion. By adapting and extending the concept of OR composition from Sigma protocols, we achieve a proof size that is independent of the number of leaves in the tree, and verification can be performed using any single valid leaf hash. This represents a significant improvement over AND aggregation, which requires the verifier to process all leaf hashes. We formally define the OR aggregation logic; describe the process of generating universal proofs; and provide a comparative analysis that demonstrates the advantages of our approach in terms of proof size, verification data, and universality. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of combining OR and AND aggregation logics to create complex acceptance functions, enabling the development of expressive and efficient proof systems for various blockchain applications. The proposed techniques have the potential to significantly enhance the scalability, efficiency, and flexibility of zero-knowledge proof systems, paving the way for more practical and adaptive solutions in large-scale blockchain ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting sensitive patient data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, during RF wireless transmission is essential due to the increasing demand for secure telemedicine communications. This paper presents an innovative chaotic-based encryption system designed to enhance the security and integrity of telemedicine data transmission. The proposed system utilizes a multi-scroll chaotic system for ECG signal encryption based on master–slave synchronization. The ECG signal is encrypted by a master system and securely transmitted to a remote location, where it is decrypted by a slave system using an extended state observer. Synchronization between the master and slave is achieved through the Lyapunov criteria, which ensures system stability. The system also supports Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and adaptive n-quadrature amplitude modulation (n-QAM) schemes to optimize signal discretization. Experimental validations with a custom transceiver scheme confirmed the system's effectiveness in preventing channel overlap during 2.5 GHz transmissions. Additionally, a commercial RF Power Amplifier (RF-PA) for LTE applications and a development board were integrated to monitor transmission quality. The proposed encryption system ensures robust and efficient RF transmission of ECG data, addressing critical challenges in the wireless communication of sensitive medical information. This approach demonstrates the potential for broader applications in modern telemedicine environments, providing a reliable and efficient solution for the secure transmission of healthcare data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor the environment, to detect anomalies or any other problems and risks in the system. If used in the transportation network, they can monitor traffic and detect traffic risks. In wireless sensor networks, energy constraints must be handled to enable continuous environmental monitoring and surveillance data gathering and communication. Energy-aware path planning of autonomous ground vehicle charging for sensor nodes can solve energy and battery replacement problems. This paper uses the Nearest Neighbour algorithm for the energy-aware path planning problem with an autonomous ground vehicle. Path planning simulations show that the Nearest Neighbour algorithm converges faster and produces a better solution than the genetic algorithm. We offer robust and energy-efficient path planning algorithms to swiftly collect sensor data with less energy, allowing the monitoring system to respond faster to anomalies. Positioning communicating sensors closer minimizes their energy usage and improves the network lifetime. This study also considers the scenario in which it is recommended to avoid taking direct travelling pathways between particular node pairs for a variety of different reasons. To address this more challenging scenario, we provide an Obstacle-Avoided Nearest Neighbour-based approach that has been adapted from the Nearest Neighbour approach. Within the context of this technique, the direct paths that connect the nodes are restricted. Even in this case, the Obstacle-Avoided Nearest Neighbour-based approach achieves almost the same performance as the the Neighbour-based approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous progress and development of technology, the Internet of Everything (IoE) is gradually becoming a research hotspot. More companies and research institutes are focusing on the connectivity and transmission between multiple devices in asymmetric networks, such as V2X, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), environmental monitoring, disaster management, agriculture, and so on. The number of devices and business volume of these applications have rapidly increased in recent years, which will lead to a large load of terminals and affect the transmission efficiency of IoE data transmission. To deal with this issue, it has been proposed to perform data transmission via multipath cooperative transmission with multihop transmission. This approach aims to improve transmission latency, energy consumption, reliability, and throughput. This paper designs a channel-sensing-based cooperative transmission mechanism (CSCTM) with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) for user equipment (UE) aggregation mechanism in future asymmetric IoE scenarios, which ensures that IoE devices data can be transmitted quickly and reliably, and supports real-time data processing and analysis. The main contents of this proposed method include strategies of cooperative transmission and redundancy version (RV) determination, a joint combination of decoding process at the receiving side, and a design of transmission priority through ascending offset sort (AOS) algorithm based on channel sensing. In addition, multihop technology is designed for the multipath cooperative transmission strategy, which enables cooperative nodes (CN) to help UE to transmit data. As a result, it can be obtained that CSCTM provides significant advancements in latency and energy consumption for the whole system. It demonstrates improvements in enhanced coverage, improved reliability, and minimized latency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) obtains elevation resolution by adding multiple baselines successively in the direction perpendicular to the line of sight, thereby realizing three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of complex scenes and significantly promoting the development of the 3D application field. However, a large data redundancy and long mapping time in traditional 3D imaging lead to a large data transmission burden, low efficiency, and high costs. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a distributed SAR high-resolution and wide-swath (HRWS) 3D imaging technology scheme. The proposed scheme overcomes the size limitation of traditional single-satellite antennas through the multi-channel arrangement of multiple satellites in the elevation direction to achieve HRWS imaging; meanwhile, the distributed SAR system is integrated with tomographic processing technology to realize 3D imaging of difficult areas by using the elevation directional resolution of TomoSAR systems. HRWS 3D SAR increases the baseline length and channel number by transmission in turn, which leads to excessive pulse repetition frequency and causes echoes of different pulse signals to overlap in the same receiving cycle, resulting in range ambiguity and thus seriously affecting the quality of the 3D reconstruction. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a range ambiguity resolution algorithm based on multi-beam forming and verifies it on the measured data from airborne array SAR. Compared with the traditional TomoSAR, the distributed HRWS 3D SAR scheme proposed in this paper can obtain a greater mapping bandwidth with the same resolution in a single flight, thereby enhancing the time correlation, reducing data redundancy, and greatly improving mapping efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the reliability of UAV-to-Ground data transmission in SC-FDE, this study proposes a combined MMSE equalization and LDPC-RS concatenated code approach, utilizing source redundancy to mitigate errors in low-elevation G2A communication. The proposed coding scheme combines a binary LDPC code as the outer code and an improved RS code as the inner code, resulting in improved resistance to burst and random errors. To address the coding aspect, this paper designs a coding table using RS coding as the underlying logic, enabling efficient coding. For decoding, a decoding scheme based on the minimum Euclidean distance criterion is devised, enabling high-performance decoding. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LDPC-RS concatenated coding scheme significantly enhances the performance of the communication system, thereby offering considerable potential for application in UAV video transmission systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the problem that the timing synchronization calculation in high-speed remote sensing signal reception is complex and it is difficult for it to be parallel, this paper deduces and designs a parallel timing error estimation and correction scheme. This paper presents the design of polyphase DFT filter banks with non-maximum decimation. The feedforward timing error estimation and correction method is then improved to enhance synchronization performance. Finally, an implementation scheme for parallel timing error estimation and correction is proposed using the polyphase filter bank time domain decomposition method and the filter polyphase model. In the estimation module, the parallel implementation structure of the joint second-order and fourth-order cyclic statistics methods is designed, which improves the estimation accuracy. In the correction module, a fractional delay filtering method with higher accuracy is adopted in order to improve the calibration accuracy and reduce the computational complexity. The timing synchronization of a high-speed remote sensing signal with timing error is simulated and verified. The experimental results show that the parallel method proposed in this paper greatly reduces the processing speed of subband data, and has a good synchronization performance, which is close to the theoretical limit in the demodulation error rate. This paper utilizes a multi-phase DFT filter bank architecture to achieve parallel timing synchronization, which presents a novel approach for the future parallel reception of high-speed remote sensing signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an efficient solution for numerous real-time applications, attributable to their compactness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployment. The rapid advancement of 5G technology and mobile edge computing (MEC) in recent years has catalyzed the transition towards large-scale deployment of WSN devices. However, the resulting data proliferation and the dynamics of communication environments introduce new challenges for WSN communication: (1) ensuring robust communication in adverse environments and (2) effectively alleviating bandwidth pressure from massive data transmission. In response to the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a semantic communication solution. Specifically, considering the limited computational and storage resources of WSN devices, we propose a flexible Attention-based Adaptive Coding (AAC) module. This module integrates window and channel attention mechanisms, dynamically adjusts semantic information in response to the current channel state, and facilitates adaptation of a single model across various Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) environments. Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness of this approach, the paper introduces an end-to-end Joint Source Channel Coding (JSCC) scheme for image semantic communication, employing the AAC module. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme surpasses existing deep JSCC schemes across datasets of varying resolutions; furthermore, they validate the efficacy of the proposed AAC module, which is capable of dynamically adjusting critical information according to the current channel state. This enables the model to be trained over a range of SNRs and obtain better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of 6G Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technology, IoT security faces inevitable challenges due to the application requirements of Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTCs). In response, a 6G base station (gNB) and User Equipment (UE) necessitate increased capacities to handle a larger number of connections while maintaining reasonable performance during operations. To address this developmental trend and overcome associated technological hurdles, this paper proposes a hardware-accelerated and software co-designed mechanism to support streaming data transmissions and secure zero-trust inter-endpoint communications. The proposed implementations aim to offload processing efforts from micro-processors and enhance global system operation performance by hardware and software co-design in endpoint communications. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed secure mechanism based on the use of non-repeating keys and implemented in FPGA, can save 85.61%, 99.71%, and 95.68% of the micro-processor's processing time in key block generations, non-repeating checks, and data block transfers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by exploring the challenge of event-triggered state estimations in nonlinear systems, grappling with packet dropout and correlated noise. A communication mechanism is introduced that determines whether to transmit measurement values based on whether event-triggered conditions are violated, thereby minimizing redundant communication data. In designing the filter, noise decorrelation is initially conducted, followed by the integration of the event-triggered mechanism and the unreliable network transmission system for state estimator development. Subsequently, by combining the three-degree spherical–radial cubature rule, the numerical implementation steps of the proposed state estimation framework are outlined. The performance estimation analysis highlights that by adjusting the event-triggered threshold appropriately, the estimation performance and transmission rate can be effectively balanced. It is established that when there is a lower bound on the packet dropout rate, the covariance matrix of the state estimation error remains bounded, and the stochastic stability of the state estimation error is also confirmed. Ultimately, the algorithm and conclusions that are proposed in this paper are validated through a simulation example of a target tracking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper discusses the development trends of agricultural autonomous all-terrain vehicles (AATVs) from four cornerstones, such as (1) control strategy and algorithms, (2) sensors, (3) data communication tools and systems, and (4) controllers and actuators, based on 221 papers published in peer-reviewed journals for 1960–2023. The paper highlights a comparative analysis of commonly employed control methods and algorithms by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. It gives comparative analyses of sensors, data communication tools, actuators, and hardware-embedded controllers. In recent years, many novel developments in AATVs have been made due to advancements in wireless and remote communication, high-speed data processors, sensors, computer vision, and broader applications of AI tools. Technical advancements in fully autonomous control of AATVs remain limited, requiring research into accurate estimation of terrain mechanics, identifying uncertainties, and making fast and accurate decisions, as well as utilizing wireless communication and edge cloud computing. Furthermore, most of the developments are at the research level and have many practical limitations due to terrain and weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly studies the deployment of hybrid sensors on highways. By constructing the deployment location constraint model, the overall accuracy of sensor deployment can be maximized. In addition, in order to meet the needs of intelligent transportation, the consideration of traffic data communication is added to the work. The highway under study is first divided into several units, and the combination type of sensors is used to represent the possible layout of two adjacent sensors. Then, a 0–1 optimization model reflecting the interaction between the sensor position and the server position is established. Then, a two-step search algorithm is proposed to find the optimal solution of the model and determine the deployment scheme with maximum accuracy. Finally, an example is given to verify the method. The results show that there are significant differences between uniform unit-deployment schemes and non-uniform unit-deployment schemes. Through the sensitivity analysis of each factor, the influence of budget and communication radius on the deployment plan is proven. In addition, the ramp length can also have a negative impact on the target value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]