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Salted duck egg yolk, a key ingredient in various specialty foods in China, frequently contains broken eggshell fragments embedded in the yolk due to high-speed shell-breaking processes, which pose significant food safety risks. This paper presents an online detection method, YOLOv7-SEY-DeepSORT (salted egg yolk, SEY), designed to integrate an enhanced YOLOv7 with DeepSORT for real-time and accurate identification of salted egg yolks with impurities on production lines. The proposed method utilizes YOLOv7 as the core network, incorporating multiple Coordinate Attention (CA) modules in its Neck section to enhance the extraction of subtle eggshell impurities. To address the impact of imbalanced sample proportions on detection accuracy, the Focal-EIoU loss function is employed, adaptively adjusting bounding box loss values to ensure precise localization of yolks with impurities in images. The backbone network is replaced with the lightweight MobileOne neural network to reduce model parameters and improve real-time detection performance. DeepSORT is used for matching and tracking yolk targets across frames, accommodating rotational variations. Experimental results demonstrate that YOLOv7-SEY-DeepSORT achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.931, reflecting a 0.53% improvement over the original YOLOv7. The method also shows enhanced tracking performance, with Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA) and Multiple Object Tracking Precision (MOTP) scores of 87.9% and 73.8%, respectively, representing increases of 17.0% and 9.8% over SORT and 2.9% and 4.7% over Tracktor. Overall, the proposed method balances high detection accuracy with real-time performance, surpassing other mainstream object detection methods in comprehensive performance. Thus, it provides a robust solution for the rapid and accurate detection of defective salted egg yolks and offers a technical foundation and reference for future research on the automated and safe processing of egg products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land subsidence is a major issue in the Beijing Plain in China, caused by the construction of new buildings and infrastructure combined with groundwater extraction. This study employs a multi-level two-dimensional wavelet decomposition to decompose land subsidence into high- and low-frequency components, and Moran's I index to analyze the spatial distribution of land subsidence and its main influencing factors. By comparing the spatial distributions of the high- and low-frequency components, we estimate the correlation between land subsidence and influencing factors at different scales. Utilizing a combination of wavelet decomposition and Moran's I analysis, our study establishes a clear spatial correlation between continuously varying factors such as groundwater and clay layer thickness, and the low-frequency components of land subsidence, allowing for a focused analysis of the relationship between surface building density and the high-frequency components of land subsidence. Quantitatively, the study identifies a significant correlation at specific granularities, particularly at 480 m and 960 m, underscoring the nuanced interaction between urban development and land subsidence patterns. These insights into the spatial distribution of land subsidence and its contributing factors can inform the development of effective strategies to address this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) possess extremely high-power density and a long cycle lifespan, but they have been long constrained by a low energy density. Since the electrochemical stability of electrolytes is essential to the operating voltage of EDLCs, and thus to their energy density, the tuning of electrolyte components towards a high-voltage window has been a research focus for a long time. Organic electrolytes based on ionic liquids (ILs) are recognized as the most commercially promising owing to their moderate operating voltage and excellent conductivity. Despite impressive progress, the working voltage of IL–solvent electrolytes needs to be improved to meet the growing demand. In this review, the recent progress in the tuning of IL- based organic electrolyte components for higher-voltage EDLCs is comprehensively summarized and the advantages and limitations of these innovative components are outlined. Furthermore, future trends of IL–solvent electrolytes in this field are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study focused on quantifying available forage and the conditions for avoiding predation provided within the home ranges of Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus). We conducted transect surveys in both winter and summer–autumn home ranges of the Siberian roe deer in the Tieli Forestry Bureau of the Lesser Xing'an Mountains. Our results revealed significant differences: (1) In terms of the quantity and quality of available forage, the summer–autumn home range had substantially more available forage than the winter home range, with meadows and cornfields showing the highest edible biomass in each, respectively. In terms of forage quality, there were differences in hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content between the two ranges. (2) In terms of the conditions for avoiding predation, the winter home range had lower vegetation coverage and greater visibility, making escape strategies more viable. In contrast, the summer–autumn home range had denser vegetation and limited visibility, making hiding strategies more viable. Our study offers comprehensive insights into the available forage and the conditions for avoiding predation, which is crucial for wildlife conservation strategies and habitat management in the region, as it directly informs strategies that address the seasonal forage requirements and predation avoidance of these deer, ultimately enhancing their prospects for survival in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve higher system performance, a digital calibration technique for the sub-channel mismatches of time-interleaved ADCs (TIADCs) is proposed in this paper. The sine-fit-based estimation algorithm is introduced to estimate the channel mismatches and a calibration algorithm is proposed to compensate for the mismatches. Subsequently, the genetic algorithm (GA) is firstly utilized to detect the mismatch errors of the outputs of sub-channels after frequency domain filtering. The detected offset error and gain error are then corrected by performing the calibration algorithm, and the time errors are corrected by fractional delay filters based on Farrow structure. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is enhanced from 19.69 dB to 108.12 dB, and the signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) is enhanced from 16.02 dB to 97.63 dB. The proposed technique is further validated on the FPGA. Compared with existing calibration techniques, the proposed technique has the advantages of simple algorithm structure, low hardware resource consumption, and high calibration accuracy and can be applied to the calibration of high-resolution (18-bit) TIADCs for low-frequency inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands, as the most essential ecosystem, are degraded throughout the world. Wetlands in Zhenlai county, with the Momoge National Nature Reserve, which was included on the Ramsar list, have degraded by nearly 30%. Wetland degradation is a long-term continuous process with annual or interannual changes in water area, water level, or vegetation presence and growth. Therefore, it requires sufficiently frequent and high-spatial-resolution data to represent its dynamics. This study mapped yearly land-use maps with 30-m resolution from 1985 to 2018 using Landsat data in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to explore the wetland degradation process and mapped 12-day interval land-use maps with 15-m resolution using the Sentinel-1B and Sentinel-2 data in GEE and other assistant platforms to study the characteristics of wetland dynamics in 2018. Four sets of maps were generated using Sentinel-1B (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), the combination of Sentinel-1B and Sentinel-2 (S12), and S12 with multitemporal remote sensing (S12'). All of the classifications were performed in the Random Forest Classification (RFC) method using remote sensing indicators. The results indicate that S12' was the most accurate. Then, the impact of the historic land-use degradation process on current wetland change dynamics was discussed. Stable, degradation, and restoration periods were identified according to the annual changes in wetlands. The degraded, stable, restored, and vulnerable zones were assessed based on the transformation characteristics among wetlands and other land-use types. The impact of historical land-use trajectories on wetland change characteristics nowadays is diverse in land-use types and distributions, and the ecological environment quality is the comprehensive result of the effect of historical land-use trajectories and the amount of rainfall and receding water from paddy fields. This study offers a new method to map high-spatiotemporal-resolution land-use (S12') and addresses the relationship between historic wetland change characteristics and its status quo. The findings are also applicable to wetland research in other regions. This study could provide more detailed scientific guidance for wetland managers by quickly detecting wetland changes at a finer spatiotemporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]