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In Brazil, there have already been several attempts to eradicate illiteracy among young people and adults through many programs, one of them being very significant, the Brazilian Movement of Literacy - MOBRAL. It was a Program that managed to expand even in the most distant cities of the interior of Brazil. Aware of this reality, the general objective of the work is to situate the political, economic and educational context of the State of Ceará at the time MOBRAL was implemented. It also aims to present popular education movements that occurred before the Military Coup, and also what was happening in the context of Ceará through reports from educators. The qualitative study was theoretically supported by authors such as Paiva (1981), Jannuzzi (1987), Farias (2009) and Gomes (2012). It was used as a source of data collection, interviews done by NUDOC / UFC, with people who worked in the State Education Department. The analysis of the data points to changes in the way education was being conducted in the State at the moment when the dictatorship settles in the Country. The work that was done by these educators had to be interrupted by the fact that their ideas confronted with the ideology of the military. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]