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Daylily is an edible flower in China. Daylily powder is prepared from the flowered or damaged by‐products during its processing, which accounts for 10% of the total amount. In order to optimize the drying methods, the powder properties, internal structure, nutrition, and color of daylily powder prepared by natural air drying (ND), hot air drying (HD), vacuum freeze‐drying (FD), and spray drying (SD) were studied and compared. The results showed that different drying methods had no effects on the internal structure of daylily powder. The diameter, bulk density, water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, and resting angle of daylily powder treated by four drying methods were significantly different. The nutrient indexes and color of daylily powder were significantly changed after different drying methods. HD prepared daylily powder can keep higher total protein, total sugar, and vitamin C; ND and FD prepared daylily powder had higher amino acid content and better flavor retention, while SD prepared daylily powder had smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, lighter color, and strong water and oil retention, which is more favorable for its use as a food additive. Compared with the other three methods, SD has obvious advantages and can be used as the optimal drying technology of daylily powder. The development and utilization of the waste daylily resources could be improved by using the pulverizing technology. This paper provided theoretical and technical support for the full utilization of daylily resources. The purpose of the study was to grow the daylily industry chain, Putting discarded daylily to comprehensive use. Novelty impact statement: Powder processing is currently the best way to make full use of the abandoned damaged and flowered daylily resources and improves the added value.SD has obvious advantages and can be used as the optimal drying technology of daylily powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to heavy metals has been suggested to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through the oxidative stress pathway. The study is aimed at examining whether vitamin C could modify the association between exposure to heavy metals and risk of GDM. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Taiyuan, China, with 776 GDM cases and 776 controls. Data on vitamin C intake from diet and supplements were collected through questionnaires. Concentrations of metals in participants' blood were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Unconditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate effect modification of vitamin C on the association between heavy metals and GDM. Results: Women with higher blood levels of mercury (Hg) (odds ratio (OR) = 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43, 3.92 and 2.04, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.46 for the second and third vs. the first tertile) and arsenic (As) (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.37, 4.43 and 2.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.17 for the second and third vs. the first tertile) exposure were associated with increased risk of GDM among women without vitamin C supplement use and having dietary vitamin C intake < 85 mg/day. We found no significant association with metals among women who took vitamin C supplements and/or dietary vitamin C ≥ 85 mg/day. Significant interactions were observed between vitamin C and exposures to metals (i.e., Hg and As) on the risk of GDM ( P interaction Our study, for the first time, suggests that vitamin C supplement use or higher dietary vitamin C intake during preconception and early pregnancy could alleviate the risk of GDM associated with exposure to As and Hg. The results warrant further investigation.Conclusions: Our study, for the first time, suggests that vitamin C supplement use or higher dietary vitamin C intake during preconception and early pregnancy could alleviate the risk of GDM associated with exposure to As and Hg. The results warrant further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ying Wang et al.)