In present study, a novel glutathione functionalized MoS 2 quantum dots (GSH-MoS 2 QDs) was synthesized from sodium molybdate dehydrate and glutathione by using a one-pot hydrothermal method. After they were characterized, the influence of GSH-MoS 2 QDs on amyloid aggregation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by various analytical methods including thioflavin T fluorescence assay, circular dichroism and transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the effect of GSH-MoS 2 QDs on cytotoxicity induced by BSA amyloid fibrils and cell penetration were evaluated by MTT assay and confocal fluorescence imaging, respectively. The results indicated that the GSH-MoS 2 QDs not only had good water solubility, excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, but also could obviously inhibit the aggregation of BSA and depolymerize the formed BSA aggregates. The data obtained from this work demonstrated that the GSH-MoS 2 QDs is expected to become a candidate drug for the treatment of amyloid-related diseases. • A novel GSH-MoS 2 QDs was synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal approach. • The as-prepared QDs can inhibit BSA aggregation and depolymerize BSA fibrils. • The QDs exhibits good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and cell permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]