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• Emotions play an important role in shaping behaviors within public goods games with and without punishment opportunities. • In standard public goods games, the emotion of anger and having contributed more than others are correlated, and agents adjust their contribution downward overtime to possibly avoid negative emotions. • In public goods games with monetary punishment, saction fosters future cooperation without relying on emotional impact. • In public goods games with non-monetary punishment, sanctioning improves sanctioner's emotion and deteriorates receivers' emotions. • Disgust, rather than angry as conventionally thought explains the sanctioning decision. We consider the emotional correlates of activity in the Public Good game when monetary and non-monetary punishments are available, and when no punishment is possible. In our experiment, emotions are measured using Face Reading software that tracks the emotional content of facial expressions in real time. When no punishment is possible, greater anger and more negative emotional valence correlate with learning that one has contributed more than others. Lower valence and happiness, in turn, are associated with reducing one's cooperation in the next period. When non-monetary punishment in the form of expressed disapproval is possible, positive emotional valence is associated with cooperation, punishment of free-riders, and an increase in cooperation from one period to the next. Negative valence, on the other hand, is associated with the receipt of punishment, suggesting that the expression of disapproval inherent in the non-monetary punishment was well understood and had an effect on the emotions of the recipient. The data support the conjecture that the reinforcement that positive emotion provides is what allows non-monetary punishment to increase cooperation. In contrast, when monetary punishment is available, emotional correlates are less consistent, suggesting that monetary punishment is less reliant on emotions to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microscopic and macroscopic experiments on the effects of non-ionic anti-agglomerants were carried out. • The adhesion force between hydrate particle and droplet on wall surface was affected by liquid bridge and its solidification. • The optimal concentrations of CDEA and AEO-9 to reduce adhesion between hydrate particle and droplet on wall surface are 0. 5 wt% and 0. 1 wt% respectively. • The feedback torque is the smallest for the CDEA and AEO-9 solutions at their optimal concentrations respectively. Non-ionic anti-agglomerants (AAs) are important agents to prevent hydrate deposition. In this study, the microscopical experimental results show that the adhesion force between hydrate particle and droplet on wall surface mainly depends on the force of the liquid bridge under low subcoolings; while it is dependent on the resultant force of the liquid bridge and hydrate shell under high subcoolings. Below the concentration of 2 wt%, the optimal concentrations of CDEA and AEO-9 to reduce the adhesion are 0. 5 wt% and 0. 1 wt%, respectively. The adhesion force decreases gradually with the increase of their concentrations when their concentrations are lower than the optimal values, but gradually rises with the increase of their concentrations when higher than the optimal values. Moreover, the hydrate formation experiments in a stirred reactor show that the feedback torques are the smallest at the optimal concentrations of them, which is consistent with the results of the microscopical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]