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Partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) is a pancreatic cancer (PC) susceptibility gene reported in Caucasians. However, limited data are available among Asians. We investigated the contribution of PALB2 germline variants to Pakistani PC patients. 150 unselected and prospectively enrolled PC patients were comprehensively screened for PALB2 variants, using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Novel variants were investigated for their pathogenic effect using in-silico tools. Potentially functional variants were screened in 200 controls. Twenty-two different PALB2 variants were identified. A missense variant (p.Arg37His) was identified in a 48-years-old male patient with a family history of breast cancer. Another missense variant (p.Trp898Arg) was identified in a 48-years-old male patient with a family history of esophageal cancer. A novel 3′ downstream variant (c.∗480A>G) was detected in a 34-years-old female patient with family history of lung cancer. Another novel 3′ downstream variant (c.∗417A>C) was identified in a 41-years-old male patient. All these variants were absent in 200 controls. p.Arg37His and p.Trp898Arg were predicted as likely pathogenic. c.∗417A>C and c.∗480A>G were classified as variants of uncertain significance. This is the first study that suggests a minimal contribution of PALB2 variants to PC risk in Pakistani population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have used Bayesian Regularization Back Propagation based deep neural networks to analyze the flow and heat transfer behavior for the flow of a nanofluid (aluminum-oxide in kerosene oil) within a regenerative cooling channel in a rocket engine. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the advancement of aerospace engineering by addressing the complex flow dynamics of nanofluids in rocket propulsion systems. The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of a mixture of kerosene oil and aggregated/non-aggregated aluminum oxide nanoparticles, considering thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects. The research methodology involves transforming primary equations into a dimensionless form using a similarity transformation technique and employing the bvp4c numerical computation method in MATLAB. The ANN-IBR method is trained, tested, and validated using reference datasets obtained from numerical computations to approximate flow solutions under various scenarios with different physical parameters. The conclusion of this study indicates that the proposed ANN-IBR model effectively addresses the flow of kerosene and nanoparticles within the rocket engine, demonstrating its accuracy through comparison with reference outcomes based on mean square error analysis, transition states examination, histograms analysis, and regression analysis. This research provides valuable insights for aerospace engineers to enhance the design efficiency of regenerative cooling systems in liquid rocket engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flooding is a widespread and destructive natural hazard that can have serious consequences for communities. It is particularly dangerous for vulnerable populations and can threaten lives and property. The potential of social capital to mitigate flood risks has been discussed in disaster literature. This study aims to conduct a systematic literature review comprising bibliometric and thematic analysis to identify and assess the critical relationship between floods and social capital. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was applied to review 32 research articles on flood and social capital systematically selected from a dataset of 194 articles retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Results revealed an increasing publication trend with environmental sciences, ecology, water resources, meteorology, and atmospheric sciences as the key research areas. The studies were contributed by 550 authors, 346 institutions, and 58 countries around the globe, with particular emphasis on SDG13: Climate Action. The thematic analysis identified four key themes: social networks, risk perception, flood response and recovery, and capacity building. The findings showed that social capital is a key indicator in reducing flood risk and should be considered part of flood risk management efforts. The study results can inform future research and help stakeholders develop strategies to enhance the resilience of exposed communities and reduce the impact of flood events. • Social capital plays a crucial role in disaster risk reduction and capacity building for communities. • Social capital can strengthen community resilience in the face of floods. • Social capital and risk perception highlights how individuals and communities perceive and prepare for floods. • social capital can assist in disaster recovery efforts, enabling communities to bounce back and rebuild [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social vulnerability assessment to flood hazard depends upon multiple factors that can vary across the different indicators. However, there is limited knowledge on specific indicators suitable for assessing social vulnerability on Sarawak. This study systematically analyzed important components of vulnerability and mapped them by weight for the 12 different divisions. Indices focusing on components of the two different dimensions of vulnerability (physical exposure and resistances) were identified based on the literature. Data on these different indices were then collected through relevant government agencies. Components of vulnerability dimensions were assessed and significantly contributing components were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). An entropy method was used to weight the dimensions of vulnerability for the different divisions. Vulnerability was estimated based on the Iyengar and Sudarshan methodology and the data were used to produce a vulnerability map based on a proposed Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The results indicated that divisions of Kuching, Miri, Sibu and Bintulu were more vulnerable (score over than 0.81) than those in other divisions. Greater vulnerability was mainly due to high exposure to extreme events and less adaptive capacity of resistance, which can affect agricultural production negatively, in combination with high population density in communities. The map clearly shows which areas are more susceptible, indicating that the government's adaptation measures should vary depending on the available resources, urgency, and means of survival needed to achieve resilience against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the design of nanocomposites LaNiMnO 6 /K10 (Prv/K10) as a visible-light photocatalyst was studied. Different weight ratios of LaNiMnO 6 (5%, 10%, 20%) were loaded into the montmorillonite K10 to create LaNiMnO 6 /K10 nanocomposites. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Using visible light irradiation, the samples were utilized to decompose crystal violet (CV), as a model of organic pollutant. The effects of initial CV concentration, pH, and catalyst dosage on photocatalytic performance were investigated. The benefits of utilizing K10 as a supporting catalyst are its ease of separation, cheap support and reuse, and the prevention of LaNiMnO 6 nanoparticle aggregation. The high catalytic activity appears to be due to the strong absorption of CV and the tiny size of LaNiMnO 6 on the K10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Color is a quality determinant of fruits. • Both internal and external factors collaborate in the fruit coloration process. • External factors influence the molecular mechanisms regulating fruit coloration. • Light, temperature, and drought stress are major factors regulating fruit color. • Nutrients and hormonal usage direct internal factors that regulate fruit coloration. Fruit color is a key target for both growers and breeders because consumers prefer brightly colored fruits with ripeness, flavor, taste, and sweetness. Significant progress has been made in the study of fruit color development and regulation in the near past, however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been thoroughly scrutinized from the perspectives of external factors influencing genetic factors, and transcription of the genes. In this article, we summed up the research on how external factors affect the molecular regulatory machinery resulting in fruit color development in different fruit plant species. Furthermore, the roles of light, temperature, drought stress, nutrients, and exogenous hormonal application in fruit color regulation are thoroughly discussed. The genetic and transcription factors that control pigment especially anthocyanin formation under the influence of external factors are reviewed. The purpose of this review is to shed light on external factors affecting the underlying molecular mechanisms of fruit color regulation which will be extremely useful in the breeding of high-quality colored fruit varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laminar time-dependent fluid flow of an engine oil (Zinc Oxide−Society of Automotive Engineers 50 alias ZnO − SAE 50 nano-lubricant) through a rectangular channel is presented. The channel is made up of permeable walls that can expand or contract. It is also under the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field is dominant enough to be ignored. The lower and upper walls of the channel bear different permeabilities and temperatures. Hence, a system of governing nonlinear partial differential equations is setup by means of conversation laws and aforementioned assumptions. By the implementation of suitable similarity transformations and conservation of mass, the equations for momentum, and energy are reduced to relatively simpler system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting system is solved by employing a semi analytical technique named as Subdomain Method (SDM). The results are further supported by another numerical scheme (a duos of shooting method along with Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm). The functioning of flow and temperature profiles under the variation in significant physical parameters is demonstrate upon the description of graphs and tables. Thorough discussions and concluding results are also presented at the end of the manuscript. • The flow of ZnO-SAE50 nanolubricant inside a rectangular channel with expanding and contacting permeable walls is considered. • Nanoparticles volume fraction affects the flow and temperature profiles. • The rate of heat transfer at the walls is affected by imposed thermal radiation and the presence of magnetic field. • Subdomain Method can be used to solve problems related to the flows inside expanding contacting channels. • The flow is only due to suction or injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flower and fruit color is an important feature of horticultural plants. • Anthocyanin is the primary coloring pigment found in fruits and flowers. • Both internal and external factors affect the synthesis of anthocyanin. • UFGTs have a major role in anthocyanin biosynthesis in horticultural plant species. • The UFGT s and other downstream genes collaborate in the stabilization of anthocyanin. Flower and fruit color is one of the most important features of horticultural plants. Its formation and regulation are always affected by both internal and external factors. Among these factors, the UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3- O -glucosyltransferase (UFGT s) have a major role in the development and production of flowers and fruits colors. The UFGT enzymes are critical for upholding anthocyanin synthesis, acylation, and glucosylation in horticulture plants. The functions of the UFGT encoding genes in the formation of pigments, particularly anthocyanin, are summarized in this article. Furthermore, this review article emphasizes the joint role of the UFGT s and other downstream genes in the stabilization of anthocyanin in the final step. The advancement of flower and fruit color regulation research is discussed, with an emphasis on UFGT genes. To give a wide context for flower and fruit color improvements in horticultural plants, the limitations of flower and fruit color research as well as prospective areas for future development are also scrutinized. This review provided resources for a better understanding of the role of UFGT genes in the color formation of flowers and fruits of horticultural plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fruit size is a key indicator of fruit yield and quality in horticultural plants. • An overall and integrated view of fruit size regulation mechanisms in horticultural plants is addressed. • Several molecular mechanisms including hormonal regulation, CLV-WUS signaling pathway, MADS-box family, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), MicroRNA and endoreduplication are involved in the determination of fruit size. • The research direction of regulating fruit size in the future is discussed and useful information for gene-editing in breeding is provided. Fruit is a specific organ of angiosperms that develops from ovary or other parts of flower after the pistil is pollinated and fertilized. Fruit size is a key indicator of fruit yield and quality, and an adaptive feature of evolution in horticultural plants which are becoming increasingly important for human life. Unveiling the molecular pathways that regulate fruit size development has both scientific and economic significance. The final size of fruit relies on the coordinated control of cell division and cell expansion. Several molecular mechanisms are involved in the determination of fruit size, including hormonal regulation (IAA, GA, CK, ABA, ETH and BRs), CLV-WUS signaling pathway, MADS-box family, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), MicroRNA and endoreduplication. This review describes the current findings on regulation mechanisms of fruit size development in horticultural plants, and the prospects for studying fruit size development are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold stress is a limiting stress factor that limits plant distribution and development; however, polyploid plants have specific characteristics such as higher resistance to abiotic stress, especially cold stress, that allow them to overcome this challenge. The cultivated cultivar Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 'Yueguang' (YG) and its autotetraploid counterpart 'Hongguang' (HG) exhibit differential cold tolerance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and methods to enhance their cold tolerance remain unknown. Anatomical structure and physiological analysis indicated YG had a higher wood bark ratio, and xylem ratio under cold treatment compared to HG. However, the half-lethal temperature (LT 50), cortex ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly decreased in YG than HG, which indicated YG was cold tolerant than HG. Transcriptome analysis showed that 2084, 1725, 2888, and 2934 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HC vs YC, H20 vs Y20, Y20 vs YC, and H20 vs HC treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that several metabolic pathways, primarily plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway, were involved in the differential regulation of cold tolerance between YG and HG. Furthermore, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinolide (BR) treatments could improve their cold tolerance through increased SOD and POD activities, decreased relative electrical conductivity, and MDA content. All of these findings suggested that plant hormone signal transduction, particularly ABA and BR, might have an important role in the regulation of differential cold tolerance between YG and HG, laying the foundation for further improving cold tolerance in jujube and examining the molecular mechanisms underlying differences in cold tolerance among different ploidy cultivars. • Physiological analysis showed that 'Yueguang' was cold tolerance than its autotetraploid 'Hongguang'. • Plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK pathway functioned importantly in differential cold tolerance between them. • Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinolide (BR) treatments could improve the cold tolerance of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High-resolution ERT and seismic results were validated by tube-well drillings. • Sharp vertical boundary between high and low resistivity zones indicates fault zone. • Depression zone in seismic refraction depth profile indicates highly fractured rock. • DLS method of Wenner-Schlumberger + dipole–dipole arrays are the most effective. • Groundwater source is discovered at the intersection of major discontinuities. This research article describes the integration of high-resolution electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction to explore potential groundwater in fracture carbonate hard rocks. Data Levels Synthesization (DLS) method is developed where the data levels of two different optimized arrays were merged to produce one final subsurface resistivity image to achieve high-resolution ERT. Numerical modeling was initially conducted on three different geoelectrical arrays. The results of before and after applied DLS method were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of each geoelectrical array to delineate fracture and anomalies accurately. Lineament map is constructed beforehand to map the major discontinuities which could possibly be the potential target for water-containing and water-conducting zones in the subsurface. Two geophysical survey lines were conducted where each survey line covered both ERT and seismic refraction methods. Two tube wells were successfully drilled exactly on the fracture zone with a flow rate around 1000 L/h. The potential water-containing zones within the subsurface limestone bedrock were identified as zones of low to moderate geoelectrical resistivity values ranging from 10 to 400 Ωm and V p velocities exceeding 2000 ms−1. The fault zones were determined by sharp vertical boundary between the high and low resistivities zones in ERT image and lateral decrease in the V p velocities of the limestone bedrock and depressions along the overburden-bedrock interface. The DLS method of Wenner-Schlumberger and dipole–dipole arrays had been proven effective in enhancing the horizontal and vertical resolutions to produce high-resolution ERT image validated with seismic refraction, lineament map, and tube well drillings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with numerical analysis of two-dimensional viscous fluid in modified square duct. A rectangular obstacle with constant temperature at walls is placed inside it. Flow duct is depicted in Figs. 1 and 2. Influence of Prandtl number and geometry on heat transfer of working fluid is studied in two cases. Computation for the present model is made in commercial package ANSYS-Fluent. Calculations are carried at two different values of Reynolds numbers i.e., Re 40 and 200 for each of the cases. Liquid water (H 2 0) and Liquid Aniline (C 6 H 5 NH 2) are taken as working fluids. Stream functions, isotherms, vorticity, velocity and pressure profiles are examined. Graphical data for C f and Nu is presented to analyze the effect of Reynolds number and Prandtl number on heat transfer. Thermal boundary layers are discussed in each of the cases. It is shown that heat transfer has high dependance on Reynolds number and Prandtl number. Geometry of the problem has noticeable effect on heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]