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The recent pandemic events in Thailand, Covid-19 in 2018, demonstrated the need for an event-based smart monitoring system. While a distributed multi-level architecture has emerged as an architecture of choice for a larger-scale smart event-based system that requires better latency, security, scalability, and reliability, a recently introduced data mesh paradigm can add a few additional benefits. The paradigm enables each district to become an event-based smart monitoring mesh and handle its analytics and monitoring workload. Districts can form a set of domains in a network of event-based smart community monitoring systems and provide data products for others during a crisis. This paper presents a distributed data mesh paradigm for an event-based smart monitoring product in a given community with predefined domains. The paper presents smart monitoring as a data product between domains. Key considerations for designing an event-based smart monitoring data product are given. The author introduces three possible domains necessary for creating a smart monitoring system in each community. Each domain creates a data product for a given domain and shares data between domains. Finally, a three-layer analytics architecture for a smart monitoring product in each domain and a use case is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups play crucial roles in blood transfusion medicine. Herein, we report a simple and low-cost paper-based analytical device (PAD) for phenotyping red blood cell (RBC) antigens. Using this Rh typing format, 5 Rh antigens on RBCs can be simultaneously detected and macroscopically visualized within 12 min. The proposed Rh phenotyping relies on the presence or absence of hemagglutination in the sample zones after immobilizing the antibodies targeting each Rh antigen. The PAD was optimized in terms of filter paper type, antibodies, and distance of the visualization zone. In this study, the optimal conditions were Whatman filter paper Grade 4; anti-D, –C, -E, -c, and -e antibodies; RBC suspension of 30%; and a visualization zone of 1 cm above the sample zone. The accuracy of simultaneously phenotyping the five Rh RBC antigens in the blood samples (n = 4692) was 99.19%, comparable with the accuracy of the gold-standard tube method used by blood bank laboratories in several regions of Thailand. Furthermore, decision making based on this method can be assisted by deep learning. After implementing a two-stage objective detection algorithm (YOLO v4-tiny) and classification model (DenseNet-201), the ambiguous images (n = 48) were interpreted with 100% accuracy. The PAD integrated with customized-region convolutional neural networks can reduce the interpretation discrepancies in RBC antigen phenotyping in any laboratory. [Display omitted] • Five Rh antigens typing PADs combined with deep learning algorithm for an assisted human-decision. • Rh antigens typing PADs were tested with real blood samples and compared with the standard tube method. • Dataset of photographs following Rh PADs testing were trained and evaluated by the in-house deep learning platform CiRA CORE. • Misinterpretation caused by weak or ambiguous reactions was solved by the CiRA CORE platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Borodin–Kostochka conjecture says that for a graph G , if Δ (G) ≥ 9 , then χ (G) ≤ max { Δ (G) − 1 , ω (G) }. Cranston and Rabern in [SIAM J. Discrete. Math. 27 (2013) 534–549] proved the conjecture holding for K 1 , 3 -free graphs. In this paper, we prove that the conjecture holds for K 1 , 3 ¯ -free graphs, where K 1 , 3 ¯ denotes the complement of K 1 , 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose two bilevel models to cope with problems concerning waste management. The first formulation stems from a multi-objective version of the problem present in the literature, while the second one improves upon the first by taking into account a theoretical result associated with the first formulation. For both models, we provide the optimistic and the pessimistic versions. We validate these formulations in a case study in the Pathum Thani province in Thailand. Moreover, we compare the results obtained by the bilevel formulation to those obtained by a multi-objective version of the problem. Finally, we provide our thoughts on future applications in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a statistical model for computing global spectral solar irradiance under all-sky conditions at four stations situated in main regions of Thailand. The model expresses the global spectral irradiance under all-sky conditions as a multiplication of two functions, namely, a function of global spectral irradiance under clear-sky conditions and a cloud modification function. To develop the model, global spectral solar irradiance was measured at four stations in the main regions of Thailand, namely Chiang Mai (18.77˚ N, 98.97˚ E) in the northern region of Thailand, Ubon Ratchathani (15.25˚ N, 104.87˚ E) in the north-eastern region of the country, Nakhon Pathom (13.82˚ N, 100.04˚ E) in the central region of this country, and Songkhla (7.18˚ N, 100.60˚ E) in the southern region of Thailand. The spectral data from these stations were gathered and divided into two groups. The first group (January 2017 to December 2020) was used for modeling and the second group (January 2021 to December 2021) for validating the model. The first function was developed using the first group of data. Clear-sky conditions were detected using sky images obtained from a sky camera installed at each station. To develop the second function, a satellite-derived cloud index derived from Himawari-8 data at the stations was utilized. To validate the model of the global spectral solar irradiance under all-sky conditions, the model was employed to compute the global solar irradiance at the four stations for the year 2021, and the findings were compared to the global solar irradiance determined from the measurements taken at the four stations. It was discovered that the spectral irradiance calculated from the model and that acquired from the measurements was in good agreement. There was a discrepancy in the form of root mean square difference relative to the mean measured value (RMSD) of 9.48%. We concluded that the model performed well in computing the global spectral solar irradiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand is a worldwide hub for the value addition of gemstones. Women in Thailand enjoy a high level of education, their employment level is on par with other member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and they play a significant role in the gem and jewellery industry. Thai institutions support the industry, but their gender-neutral stance does not celebrate, or capitalise on, the contribution of female actors. Patriarchy and 'invisible masculinity' underlie entrepreneurship across the country. A few privileged women have experienced a degree of empowerment and fair conditions at work. But some parts of the industry, for example, home-based work, are informal and women in the home-based gemstone-cutting industry in the border regions, hit particularly hard by COVID-19, have experienced little progress. The literature has not paid much attention to the Thai gem resource sector or to the contribution of women. This paper considers the gem and jewellery industry's contribution to the lives of women in Thailand referencing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—gender equality and empowerment (SDG 5), decent work and economic work (SDG 8), and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). The paper is based on seven years of research into the opportunities and challenges for women in the gemstone value chain spanning Madagascar and Thailand. The paper questions the extent to which the industry has enabled and empowered women in Thailand, and whether it perpetuates some of the patterns of economic inequality reflected in, and caused by, the urban–rural divide. • Critical analysis of gem and jewellery industry in Thailand contributes to achievement of SDGs for women. • Insights into Thailand's successful gemstone beneficiation hub. • Understanding of gender and inequality in the Thai context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grassroots Innovations (GRIs) mostly represent incremental changes that are supported by local values and culture. In this respect, government efforts to promote and strengthen GRIs movements should take into consideration customised and targeted policy instruments that are different from the traditional innovation and development agendas. Based on this principle – and in the context of three Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines – this paper attempts to investigate the current public policy contexts and common instrumental mechanisms for public interventions supporting GRIs. The governing context alluding to policy support is elaborated to provide a taxonomy of GRIs policy measures germane to political-governance windows. The findings show that Malaysia has explicit policy support for GRIs, whereas innovators in Thailand and the Philippines indirectly benefit from broader inclusive development and innovation policies. There are three scenarios of instrumental mechanisms supporting GRIs – these show the differences in approaches adopted by national governments in terms of their perception of GRIs, modes of intervention and outcome expectations. This paper also highlights several policy concerns useful for future endeavours regarding public interventions on GRIs and rural development. • Enrich GRIs literature with evidence- and rural context-based insights useful for policymakers. • Governance and institutional arrangements for GRIs. • An elaborative mechanism supporting those who are stateless, informal or illegal migrants. • Criticisms in justifying intervention and salient concerns for policy supporting GRIs. • A taxonomy to GRIs policy measures germane to political-governing windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne transmissibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the urgent need for aerosol monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 to prevent sporadic outbreaks of COVID-19. The inadequate sensitivity of conventional methods and the lack of an on-site detection system limited the practical SARS-CoV-2 monitoring of aerosols in public spaces. We have developed a novel SARS-CoV-2-in-aerosol monitoring system (SIAMs) which consists of multiple portable cyclone samplers for collecting aerosols from several venues and a sensitive "sample-to-answer" microsystem employing an integrated cartridge for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols (iCASA) near the sampling site. By seamlessly combining viral RNA extraction based on a chitosan-modified quartz filter and " in situ " tetra-primer recombinase polymerase amplification (tpRPA) into an integrated microfluidic cartridge, iCASA can provide an ultra-high sensitivity of 20 copies/mL, which is nearly one order of magnitude greater than that of the commercial kit, and a short turnaround time of 25 min. By testing various clinical samples of nasopharyngeal swabs, saliva, and exhaled breath condensates obtained from 23 COVID-19 patients, we demonstrate that the positive rate of our system was 3.3 times higher than those of the conventional method. Combining with multiple portable cyclone samplers, we detected 52.2% (12/23) of the aerosol samples, six times higher than that of the commercial kit, collected from the isolation wards of COVID-19 patients, demonstrating the excellent performance of our system for SARS-CoV-2-in-aerosol monitoring. We envision the broad application of our microsystem in aerosol monitoring for fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the case of Thailand, this paper provides a fresh critical perspective on the purpose and practice of land use planning in the Global South. Thailand is going through a period of rapid urbanisation. Significantly such urban change is occurring most intensely in locations in which land use plans are several years out of date. From urban planning theory, the strategic zoning of land for different uses is widely acknowledged as the cornerstone of urban governance. Yet how such planning takes place, and the economic and political role and value that land itself plays is often overlooked. Through analyses of institutional structures and functions and key land use policy documents, supported with case studies of land contestation, the paper argues that the practice of land use planning opens grey space for negotiation and speculation and thereby accumulation of political power. In practice, the complicated process of planning and approval creates a vacuum period through which implementation is shaped by discretionary powers. The use of discretionary power is increasingly routinised, creating new arenas of negotiation and power. However, such formalised discretionary systems in planning and decision-making reaffirm the symbolic authority of planning agencies who produce plans that are not implemented, or necessarily intended to be implemented. • Rather than plans to be implemented, land use plans in Thailand are a point of reference for negotiation and contestation. • The formalisation of discretionary powers creates new arenas of negotiation dominated by state-private sector alliances. • Planning decisions are influenced by the power of alliances and their arguments rather than the quality of evidence. • Land as sites for capital accumulation has a political role in land use decisions, overlooked in urban planning theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delay in payment is considered to be one of the most periodically arisen problems in the construction industry. It harms time, cost, and quality. This paper presented a result of a survey which investigated causes of delay in payment of road and highway construction projects in Thailand. Parties involved in construction-borne failure identified the causes of delay in payment and their severity through a questionnaire survey. The delay in payment causes were categorized into 4 main groups (owner, contractor, consultant and architect) which was based on parties-borne failure. The questionnaire listed of 41 factors and sought to identify the significance of major delay in payment factors and determine their impact on road and highway construction projects. The total of 120 responders was asked to weight the degree on seriousness via a questionnaire survey. The survey concluded that top five severity indexes in causing a delay in payment were delays in progress payment, the financial status of owners, poor qualification of the contractors' technical staff, delays in issue approval documents and failure in applying for claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first empirical study on adverse selection and moral hazard in the corporate disaster insurance market. By constructing and examining a unique plant-level panel dataset on the 2011 Thailand floods, we overcome the general lack of data that has previously prevented a systematic study on the issue. By exploiting unexpected, large losses caused by a severe disaster, we find evidence of adverse selection for both property and business interruption insurance. Moral hazard, measured by impacts on recovery efforts, is also found for both types of insurance, albeit more salient effects for business interruption insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An established body of research now documents the ways that debt both motivates and shapes migration processes. Yet little scholarship examines the debts migrants incur after arriving in their destinations. Drawing on qualitative interviews with Cambodians living and working in Thailand, this paper explores debts imposed upon and taken by migrants after they have arrived in their destination. In Thailand, migrants take on debts in an attempt to obtain documents, to move into better paying jobs, and to start entrepreneurial projects. Often, these loans are translocal; taken by proxy borrowers in Cambodia, and sent across the border in what might be described as a 'reverse remittance' financed by debt. By exploring these debts and their consequences, this work elaborates the spatial nature of debt and draws attention to its capacity to engender spatially diffuse vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Attention mechanisms have been shown to play a crucial role in enhancing visual perception tasks. However, in most existing approaches, channel and spatial attention maps are estimated separately without considering the varying importance of each other. This results in a coarse attention weight for objects of interest from a holistic 3-D perspective. To address this issue, we propose a novel Parameter-free Spatial Intersection Attention Module (SIAM), which estimates 3D attention maps with spatial intersection using a parameter-free way. Specifically, SIAM first generates two independent mean queries from two spatial axes and views input as keys. Then, by computing a dot product between these mean queries and keys, SIAM generates two cross-dimension (channel and spatial) attention maps from two spatial directions and combines them into 3-D attention maps. By doing so, the produced attention maps reason important areas with spatial intersection, which can capture location-aware information to facilitate difficult objects' location in the images. We evaluate our method in image classification, object detection, and object segmentation tasks. Extensive experimental results consistently demonstrate our approach is superior to its counterparts. • The paper introduces a novel, plug-and-play 3-D attention module without requiring parameters. • A parameter-free method simultaneously associates both spatial and channel information. • Combination of horizontal and vertical queries to form the attention map, which is simple and easy to implement. • The straightforward use of matrix products and average pooling operations makes inference speeds faster than prior methods. • Excellent performance improvements over other attention methods while obtaining higher FPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As countries implement renewable energy policies, it's important to understand the impacts of policies on sustainability. Population, economic and production changes affects in land use, water consumption and emissions along with trade-offs for limited resources to achieve food and energy security. Thailand faces increasing electricity imports and agricultural production, causing residue burning, a resource utilized for electricity generation. Thailand implemented a renewable energy policy and another to curb sugarcane residue burning addressing above challenges. The paper uses an extended input-output model in Thailand and the Northeast to understand impacts of these policies on output, labor income, employment, land and water use, etc. The study concludes these policies lead to supplementary increase in income, employment and value added contributing towards achieving SDGs through energy security, climate action, decent work and economic growth. At a national level, renewable energy policy is unable to capture a large potential of biomass electricity, while the no burn policy is better able to achieve sustainability through total output, income, employment, and water use. The renewable energy policy in Northeast Thailand is better able to capture the electricity potential. The Northeast also sees land use shifts from rice to cane, which could cause food security challenges. • Thailand faces growing challenges with energy security and crop residue burning. • To address the challenges, they implemented RE policies and crop burning policies. • The study uses extended input-output models in Thailand and Northeast Thailand. • We see positive effects of the policies on the economy, society and environment. • The policies fall short in capturing the full potential of biomass electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National logistics cost can be used as a key indicator to reflect a country's overall logistics performance and monitor their respective logistics policies. However, not all countries have developed this indicator, and some have used differing methodologies. This paper provides an approach for calculating national logistics cost per gross domestic product (NLC/GDP) in the context of Thailand and demonstrates its veracity and validity using an action research methodology with key stakeholders. The approach utilizes easily obtainable macro level data combined with survey data. The calculation method has progressively improved in its accuracy and efficacy to reflect Thailand's logistic context. The proposed approach contributes to the national logistics cost debate and can inform academics, managers, and policy makers not just in Thailand but, in other countries when developing their own NLC/GDP to evaluate their respective logistics development activities. • Explains methodology to calculate national logistics cost based on national accounts tables and survey. • Improves accuracy of national logistics costs calculation. • Validates calculation assumptions with empirical survey of 6000 firms. • Confirms individual cost components from previous research. • National logistics cost can be used for Thai government's logistics policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a large-scale school readiness survey in Thailand, this paper presents empirical evidence of learning losses from school closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic for kindergartners. Overall results indicate that school closure during the outbreak of COVID-19 causes significant learning losses in cognitive skills, especially in mathematics and working memory. The negative impact is heterogeneous across several dimensions, including child gender, special needs, wealth, private tutoring, caregiver education, and parental absence. This paper also estimates daily learning gains, of which significant results confirm that going to school has significantly benefited young children, especially in receptive language, mathematics, and working memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of policies related to the social protection of migrant fishers. It does so by examining Thailand's progress in promoting a legal framework for the social protection of fishers. The following three instruments are analysed: the Social Security Act 1990, the Workmen's Compensation Act 1994 revised 2018 and the Labour Protection in Fishing Work Act 2019, with a focus on death and the disappearance of migrant fishers at sea. The assessment of these instruments is based on meetings and interviews with Thai employers and Thai and Myanmarese fishing employees. The paper concludes by providing recommendations to enhance the protection of migrant fishers in the Thai fishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving in the wrong direction is one of the main reasons that cause road accidents in Thailand. To efficiently detect wrong direction driving vehicles, we proposed a system that can track those moving vehicles from CCTVs using deep learning and image processing techniques. Our proposed system is composed of two main algorithms: Road Lane Boundary detection from CCTV algorithm (RLB-CCTV) and Majority-Based Correct Direction Detection algorithm (MBCDD). In this paper, we introduced the RLB-CCTV algorithm and the enhanced version of MBCDD algorithms for detecting road boundaries and wrong-direction driving vehicles. Based on our experiments, our system can identify the road lane boundary and track vehicles driving in the wrong direction on each lane with an accuracy of 96.61%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agrarian industries in rural areas are increasingly relying on seasonal migrant workers, who arrive in transnationally organised settings. This paper focuses on the concept of transnational simultaneity in order to further analyse the dynamics that are sustaining low-wage, seasonal labour migration in transnational social fields. It is suggested that the concepts of seasonal livelihood diversification and biographical simultaneity contribute to explain this process, which is highlighted in relation to the empirical case of Thai wild berry pickers in Sweden. The ability of the workers to co-arrange life in the homeland with work overseas, together with a firmly institutionalised, transnational social network, lay the ground for the Thai-Swedish migration process. It is characterised by high circularity and frequency among the migrant workers, who oscillate on a seasonal basis between multi-sited work places, despite relatively low economic return. It is argued that simultaneity within the transnational social field, which is embedded in seasonal livelihood diversification and prospects of improved futures for their children, lowers the threshold for accepting exploitative work conditions, thus paving the way for precarious migrant work. • The concept of transnational simultaneity adds crucial explanatory value to seasonal agricultural labour migration through a range of spatio-temporal practices. • Rural livelihood diversification and a biographical understanding of migration enhance the understanding of simultaneity in seasonal agricultural labour migration. • The example of Thai wild berry picking in Sweden is characterised by high circularity and short periods of work, with workers co-arranging their lives in multi-sited space. • Simultaneous practices and images across space and time sustain labour migration despite low earnings and unfavourable working conditions, and enhances precarious work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote their public image, a growing number of companies have adopted corporate social responsibility (CSR) projects that benefit various social interests. As such, it is imperative to audit the social, environmental, and economic dimensions of CSR projects for their sustainable development. This paper presents an assessment of three CSR projects undertaken by the energy industry (renewable energy) and commercial sector (plastic waste recycling) in Thailand to transition towards the circular economy (CE) business model. A set of CE indicators were selected from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: WBCSD 2018 European Commission 2018, and British Standard Institution 2017 and compared with the sustainability indicators listed in the ISO 26000:2010 (referenced in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): G4 Guidelines). These indicators were established to assess the readiness of companies to implement sustainable CSR projects. The assessment results showed that the CSR projects in the case study were conducive to the CE model, as most of the CE concepts evaluated by the performance indicators were already in place. This study aimed to support the implementation of CSR projects that contribute to adopting a CE business model and determine key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure and monitor CSR projects in terms of their CE concepts. The sustainability KPIs proposed in this study can serve as a set of guidelines to drive CE strategy adoption and allow for the identification of sustainable CSR projects that can simultaneously offer more value creation and satisfaction for all stakeholders, including society and the companies, while reducing environmental impacts. This paper integrates CSR into a CE approach that results in business sustainability and contributes to Sustainability Development Goal (SDG) targets. [Display omitted] • KPIs were adopted for the comprehensive assessment of CSR projects. • CSR projects of renewable energy and plastic waste were evaluated in their ability to CE concepts. • The KPIs can identify sustainable level and contribute to CE and SDG targets of businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainland Southeast Asia experiences complex and variable hydroclimatic conditions, mainly due to its location at the intersection of Asian monsoon subsystems. Predicting future changes requires an in-depth understanding of paleoclimatic conditions that is currently hindered by a paucity of records in some regions. In this paper, we present the first speleothem stable isotope records from western Thailand detailing the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, Younger Dryas termination, and early- to mid-Holocene period. We find evidence of higher precipitation during the Bølling-Allerød (14,321–12,824 years before present (1950: BP)) compared to a Younger Dryas termination that starts 11,702–11,674 BP, has a rapid shift centered on 11,660–11,641 BP, and ends 11,603–11,589 BP. In addition, our records show Holocene monsoon intensity peaking at 8250 BP or before, a multi-millennia delay from the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation peak, followed by a trend to drier conditions until at least 750 BP. Assessment of the timing of the Younger Dryas termination in paleoclimate records across Southeast Asia reveals an earlier shift of the Indian Summer Monsoon to global climate shifts when compared to East Asian Summer Monsoon records. The causes of this are currently unknown. Some potentially important aspects include: an Indian Summer Monsoon influence on East Asian Summer Monsoon strength via the Indian Ocean Dipole climate pattern, the role of the Tibetan Plateau in monsoon dynamics, and exposure of the Sundaland shoreline. More high-resolution paleoclimate records, especially on the pathway of Indian Summer Monsoon to East Asian Summer Monsoon, are required for further discussion on the mechanisms controlling the differences between climate regimes. • We present two new speleothem stable isotope records from western Thailand. • Conditions trend wetter during the Bølling-Allerød. • Early and abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas (11,675–11,600 BP, ±73 years). • Change Point Analysis of records finds earlier rapid shift in Indian Summer Monsoon. • Distinct trend of increasing δ18O and δ13C values throughout Holocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space–time parallel methods can leverage modern parallel computing architectures to further accelerate numerical simulations where parallelizing only in space limits concurrency. In this paper, we develop a high-order space–time parallel computing method for solving the Navier–Stokes equations. The method is based on revisionist integral deferred correction (RIDC) algorithm proposed by Christlieb, Macdonald and Ong [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 32 (2010), pp. 818-835]. This parallel-in-time algorithm yields high-order accurate results within a wall-clock time comparable to that of a forward or backward Euler simulation. We extend the RIDC algorithm to a space–time parallel method and apply the method to a compressible fluid solver using the message passing interface (MPI) framework. The global communicator is split into space and time communicators to manage parallel computing in spatial and temporal domains, respectively. Accuracy tests show that the method is high-order accurate. Numerical results encompassing both smooth flows and flows with discontinuities demonstrate that the proposed method can accelerate the computation robustly. Additionally, a three-dimensional space–time parallel computation of flow around a sphere is performed. The results indicate that RIDC has the potential to be used in the field of computational fluid dynamics. • A space–time parallel method for solving the N-S equations is developed. • The method is high-order accurate based on the RIDC method. • The method can break through the space-parallel bottleneck. • A 3D case indicates the potential application of the method in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single-Vehicle and Multi-Vehicle Truck-Involved Crashes Injury Severities are investigated. • Transferability and temporal instability are assessed through comparison between within- and out-of-sample prediction. • Temporally unconstrained parameters and partially temporally constrained parameters model are compared. • The presence of temporal instability across both single and multi-truck collision risk determinants carries critical countermeasure translation opportunities. • Factors maintaining stability amidst change also carry long-term safety implications. Truck-involved crashes persist as a significant concern, yielding noteworthy human casualties and causing economic ramifications, particularly in developing countries. This paper aims to undertake a comprehensive analysis of the associated factors influencing injury severity in truck-involved crashes, with a particular emphasis on discerning variations between single-vehicle and multi-vehicle incidents, as well as accounting for heterogeneity and temporal stability. The data analysis involves a meticulous examination of crash data spanning the entirety of Thailand from 2017 to 2020. Employing three distinct levels of injury severities, namely PDO injury, moderate injury, and severe injury, the study employs a series of mixed logit models that account for unobserved heterogeneity in both means and variances. Results revealed significant instability in injury risk determinants over time among both single and multi-vehicle events. Aligning predictive assessments further spotlighted fluctuations in projected burdens across models and years – collectively underscoring the imperative to integrate temporal considerations into modeling and prevention. Several crash-type distinctions and priorities emerged. For single-truck events, key risks included roadway alignments and geometry, speeding, fatigue, and lighting conditions. However multi-truck collisions concentrated around exposure factors like highway traits, sightline limitations, and vulnerable road users. Ultimately, the technique permitted responsive countermeasure targeting and recalibration opportunities keyed to each crash form's evolving landscapes. While it is indeed noteworthy that several variables have exhibited instability in their effects, it is equally important to acknowledge the existence of certain variables that maintain a relative degree of temporal stability. This underscores their pivotal role in shaping the foundation of enduring strategies aimed at enhancing traffic safety in the long run. The multifaceted investigation constitutes an invaluable reference for diverse transportation stakeholders seeking to curb rising truck fatalities through evidence-based improvements in policy, engineering, usage protocols, and technologies. It provides a blueprint for nimble safety planning within complex modernizing road systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the inaugural attempt to investigate the herding behavior of firms in the context of environmental orientation to achieve the UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) in the ASEAN region. Insights from the previous literature infer that peer effect is visibly seen in firms across various fields, especially amongst their CSR and ESG performance. Using data from the Thai listed firms, we document strong evidence of peer effects concerning environmental performance and its dimensions (emission reduction, product innovation, and resource reduction). The targeted time frame for the current study is from 2009 to 2019 for which we analyze the firms listed on the Thailand Stock Exchange (SET). Moreover, the results of our study support the fact that mimicking behavior is one of the common behaviors that is followed by the majority of the firms keeping in view their varied purposes which include enhancing their market reputation, increasing profits, attracting shareholders and investors and most importantly raising their sustainability standing. Thus, overall our study highlights the main perspective that peer effects and herding behavior a common practices amongst firms concerning their environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using CMOM to trace mangrove development was first used in Thailand. • Three periods of flourishing and two periods of degradation over the past ∼3,550 cal yr BP. • The air temperature and rainfall controlled by the Indian summer Monsoon, were the primary factors controlling mangrove development. • The evolution of mangrove forests in tropical Asia has regional synchronism. High-resolution reconstruction of the development of mangrove forests in the late Holocene is the basis for scientifically predicting the fate of mangroves. In this paper, we analyze the contribution of mangrove-derived organic matter (CMOM) from sediment core G in Phang Nga Province, Thailand by using a ternary end-member mixing model based on stable organic carbon isotope (δ13C) and the molar ratio of total organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/N (molar)). The variations of the CMOM in Phang Nga Province over the past ∼3,550 cal yr BP indicate that mangrove forests underwent three periods of flourishing: ∼3,550–2,720 cal yr BP, ∼1,960–1,240 cal yr BP and ∼500–0 cal yr BP, and two periods of degradation: ∼2,720–1,960 cal yr BP and ∼1,240–500 cal yr BP. Of the potential factors that affect mangrove development, relative sea level (RSL) changes and regional hydrological conditions did not have notable effects on mangrove flourishing/degradation. However, paleoclimate variations, especially the air temperature and rainfall controlled by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) were the primary factors. The mangrove development reconstructed by the CMOM in Phang Nga Province, Thailand was extremely synchronized with that in the Yingluo Bay and Qinzhou Bay of Southwest China and on the west coast of India Peninsula. This study provides evidence that mangrove development controlled by the Asian monsoon in tropical Asia has regional synchronism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for better municipal waste management practices that are in line with the principles of 'circular economy' and 'circular cities' abound in many parts of the world including Thailand. Our research aimed to understand how waste pickers in Bangkok currently operate as key actors in the recycling economy, given the lack of state funding and infrastructure for operationalizing circularity, using a situated urban political ecology (SUPE) approach. We conducted surveys and walk-along interviews with waste pickers in two districts of the city. This was supplemented by desk reviews and key informant interviews. Mainly, walking with waste pickers in their daily work routes threw light on the embodiment of waste metabolisms and everyday practices in accessing and metabolizing waste. We find how waste economies were sustained despite policy neglect through fluid relationships between humans and non-humans that operate within a messy, contested urban space. Negative affect and corporeal harm characterized such a metabolism. Characterization of power in urban political ecology can be strengthened by locating diffuse forms in which power is enacted and by looking at the political dimensions of affect. Unexpected alliances between actors posited counter-narratives to powerful instruments of regulation and global waste flows. Through the results presented in this paper, we call for UPE scholars to draw from (a) embodied and situated processes and practices in the transformations of socio-natures and (b) spatio-sensorial methods that can trace circulations and metabolisms of socio-natures. We suggest that such a SUPE can underpin grounded projects of bettering human-environment relationships in the age of planetary crisis. • A situated urban political ecology resists top-down characterisations of power and presents complex and diverse narratives of the "winners and losers" of socio-natural transformations. • Plastic recycling economies in Bangkok are sustained by fluid relationships between humans and non-humans that operate within a messy, contested urban space. • Emotions and embodiment characterize the metabolism of wastes. • Walk-along interviews, as a spatio-sensorial tool, enabled a situated understanding of the embodiment of waste flows. • Through an amalgamation of embodied and situated urban political ecologies, UPE can underpin grounded projects of bettering human-environment relationships in the age of planetary crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Techno-economic feasibility analysis of SLBs for a zero-emission microgrid. • Optimally sized hybrid system design using HOMER-Pro. • Four hybrid configurations assessed under six scenarios with fresh and SLBs. • Sensitivity analysis of optimal SLB and system sizes w.r.t multiple parameters. With the increasing adoption of variable renewable sources (VRE) and the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market, the share of harmful carbon emissions is reducing continuously. Forming a microgrid (MG) is the best way to integrate renewable energy sources (RES) to make a low-carbon path for electrification. Second-life batteries (SLBs), derived from the first-life application of batteries used in EVs, are lower in price as compared to fresh EV batteries and have sufficient remaining capacity as energy storage for MG applications. Therefore, to show the techno-economic feasibility of SLBs, this paper shows a comparative study of MG consisting of photovoltaic (PV)/floating PV/wind/biogas with fresh Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and SLBs. This paper analyses 4 hybrid models with fresh LIBs in off-grid and grid-connected mode, and based on HOMER-Pro an optimal model is finalized for the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani, Thailand. From, six different cases of fresh LIBs, the optimal case is also selected by considering the lowest net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). With the significant amount of reduction in NPC and COE, the grid-connected hybrid models are found to be more economically viable than the off-grid models. The grid-connected optimal hybrid model is further analyzed with SLBs where a range of cost multipliers (CMs) and energy throughputs are considered as the sensitivity parameters for SLBs. The results obtained from HOMER-Pro show that the grid-connected optimal model with SLBs reduces the NPC and COE by 36% and 35%, respectively, compared to the fresh LIBs. Hence, the optimal system shows the lowest NPC and COE as, 4,136,254$ and 0.0411$/kWh, respectively, with the SLBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We revisit the maximum satisfiability problem (Max-SAT) in the data stream model. In this problem, the stream consists of m clauses that are disjunctions of literals drawn from n Boolean variables. The objective is to find an assignment to the variables that maximizes the number of satisfied clauses. Chou et al. (FOCS 2020) showed that Ω (n) space is necessary to yield a 2 / 2 + ε approximation of the optimum value; they also presented an algorithm that yields a 2 / 2 − ε approximation of the optimum value using O (ε − 2 log ⁡ n) space. In this paper, we not only focus on approximating the optimum value, but also on obtaining the corresponding Boolean assignment using sublinear o (m n) space. We present randomized single-pass algorithms that w.h.p.1 yield: • A 1 − ε approximation using O ˜ (n / ε 3) space and exponential post-processing time • A 3 / 4 − ε approximation using O ˜ (n / ε) space and polynomial post-processing time. Our ideas also extend to dynamic streams. However, we show that the streaming k -SAT problem, which asks whether one can satisfy all size- k input clauses, must use Ω (n k) space. We also consider the related minimum satisfiability problem (Min-SAT), introduced by Kohli et al. (SIAM J. Discrete Math. 1994), that asks to find an assignment that minimizes the number of satisfied clauses. For this problem, we give a O ˜ (n 2 / ε 2) space algorithm, which is sublinear when m = ω (n) , that yields an α + ε approximation where α is the approximation guarantee of the offline algorithm. If each variable appears in at most f clauses, we show that a 2 f n approximation using O ˜ (n) space is possible. Finally, for the Max-AND-SAT problem where clauses are conjunctions of literals, we show that any single-pass algorithm that approximates the optimal value up to a factor better than 1/2 with success probability at least 2/3 must use Ω (m n) space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic food contributes to environmental sustainability and is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, although it is generally more expensive than conventionally produced food. Rather different sets of values and motivations are driving consumers' purchase intentions in mature compared with emerging organic food markets. To inquire about similarities and differences in consumers' motives our qualitative, comparative study employs a series of in-depth interviews with organic-food-store clients in Germany and Thailand from February to May 2021. The analysis applied means-end chain (MEC) theory to map the mental decision-making processes. Results were interpreted and compared referring to the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Value (STV). The findings show a rather similar values base of both samples in terms of the relevance of 'quality of personal life' and 'personal well-being'. Substantial differences emerged in the Germans high emphasis on the values 'health of environment' and 'social responsibility' which were absent in Thailand, while Thais put great importance on the 'responsibility for family'. Focusing on the five most important values in each country, we conclude a more personal-focused value system in Thailand, respectively a rather social-focused one in Germany. This paper contributes to the literature as it is one of the few qualitative studies on organic food purchase intention using MEC and STV and the first one conducted in Thailand. The findings provide valuable insights for producers and marketers to better address German and Thai consumers' needs to influence their purchase intention towards organic food consumption. • Germans have a more social-focused value system when buying organics. • Thais have a more personal-focused value system when buying organics. • Similar values base: 'quality of personal life' and 'personal well-being'. • Germans emphasize 'health of environment' and 'social responsibility'. • Thais prioritize 'responsibility for family'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the first identification of an Asian spinosaurid theropod, Siamosaurus suteethorni from the Sao Khua Formation of Thailand, was published in 1986, what was in all likelihood a spinosaurid tooth was collected from the type section of the Sao Khua Formatio in the course of a stratigraphic survey of the Khorat Plateau (north-eastern Thailand) as early as 1962. The specimen, the present whereabouts of which are unknown, was described in 1963 as an ichthyosaur tooth, but apparently was the first dinosaur specimen to be reported from Thailand. On the basis of the description and figures, it is referred to the spinosaurid genus Siamosaurus. A purported plesiosaur tooth from the Phu Kradung Formation, described in the same paper, apparently belonged to a crocodile. The reasons for the initial misidentification of the spinosaurid tooth are reminiscent of those of other misinterpretations of similar teeth found in other parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poorly managed plastic waste ends largely in the environment. For example, visible plastic waste causes pollution in the ocean, and Thailand is ranked sixth in the world for plastic waste generation in the ocean. This study was conducted to monitor and assess plastic waste management following the launch of the 'Thailand Roadmap on Plastic Waste Management (2018–2030)'. The CIPPI model and an impact assessment were used for this purpose. Seventy-three individuals from Thailand's central and local governments were selected to study the plastic bag roadmap. Further, 2378 Thai people and foreign tourists were surveyed about their plastic bag-using behaviours, and thirteen stakeholders were selected for interviews. This study found that the input and output factors were moderate, equalling (x ‾ = 2. 67 , SD = 1.24) and (x ‾ = 3. 07 , SD = 1.20), respectively. Similarly, the process factors were low (x ‾ = 2. 17 , SD 1.29). With respect to outcomes and effects, plastic bag use exhibited a decreasing trend, from 39,983 to 49,816 million bags (−67.03%–83.52%) with a total economic value of 5340–10,408 million baht/year. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions also decreased, at 63,173–78,809-million-kilogram CO 2 eq/year. In conclusion, plastic waste management requires cooperation on the part of all sectors. However, it is important for the government to take responsibility for monitoring, assessing, and improving plans to promote consumption and production sustainability following Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Litvak-Hinenzon et al. developed the phenomenological model to simulate the horizontal motion of particles in the atmosphere, and a series of their papers (see e.g., Litvak-Hinenzon et al. (Phys. D 164:213-250, 2002; Nonlinearity 15:1149-1177, 2002; SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 3:525-573, 2004)) focused on studying the fate of parabolic resonance lower dimensional tori (as part of a quasi-periodic Hamiltonian pitchfork bifurcation (HPB) scenario in the unperturbed phenomenological model) under perturbations. However, the structural stability of quasi-periodic HPB involved therein has not been fully exposed theoretically (Litvak-Hinenzon et al. have only given some numerical explanations). Based on BCKV singularity theory established by Broer et al. (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 44:389-432, 1993), we consider a more general quasi-periodic HPB triggered by the Z 2 -invariant universal unfolding N b c k v = a y 2 2 − (λ + b I 1) x 2 2 + c x 4 4 with respect to Z 2 -equivariant BCKV-restricted morphisms of the planar singularity a 2 y 2 + c 4 x 4 (the coefficients a , b , c ≠ 0 , the I 1 is regarded as distinguished parameter with respect to the external parameter λ). We prove a KAM (Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser) theorem concerning parabolic tori in such quasi-periodic HPB, by which Diophantine parabolic tori (and the whole corresponding Diophantine HPB scenario) survive non-integrable and Z 2 -invariant Hamiltonian perturbations, parametrized by pertinent large Cantor sets. In the context of Z 2 -symmetry, our results can be seen as rigorous proof of the structural stability problem of bifurcations of Floquet-tori triggered by the universal unfolding N b c k v with distinguished parameters which is proposed by Broer et al. (Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 44:389-432, 1993). Ultimately, we similarly obtain the structural stability result of quasi-periodic HPB in the phenomenological model mentioned above, which can be utilized as a starting point for a deeper understanding of the various resonances and chaotic dynamics (in the gaps of the Cantor sets), just as Litvak-Hinenzon et al. did for normally parabolic tori undergoing a HPB. • We prove a KAM theorem in a quasi-periodic Hamiltonian pitchfork bifurcation. • We obtain the structural stability of a bifurcation in a phenomenological model. • We verify some of the previous numerical phenomena of Litvak-Hinenzon et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper estimates the potential impact of vocational education on wage differentials between vocational and general graduates over the life cycle in Thailand, using the national Labor Force Survey (LFS) from 2017 to 2022. The returns to vocational education are analyzed at three levels of education: upper secondary, diploma, and college. The inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) method is implemented to account for non-random assignment in choosing the academic track. The results show, on average, that vocational educated workers receive higher wages than those with general education, but it has no significant differences by comparing to university graduates in science and engineering with the same years of education. Additionally, the wage premiums associated to vocational education tend to increase at older ages. The empirical evidence corroborates the crucial role of vocational education in increasing long-term earnings and the number of technical-skilled workers in the Thai labor market. • Vocational educated workers receive higher wages than those with general education. • No significant differences by comparing to university graduates in science and engineering with the same years of education. • The wage premiums associated to vocational education tend to increase at older ages. • Females with tertiary vocational education are more likely to receive a higher long-term wage premium than males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased education affects market and non-market outcomes. This paper investigates the causal impact of the extension of compulsory education from 6 to 9 years on females' education, marriage, and fertility outcomes in Thailand. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) and a donut-hole Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, we show that the new law increases lower secondary school completion in girls, leading to decreased probabilities of giving birth in the school-age years (14–17 years). The policy primarily affects the marginal child leading to the postponement of the timing of their fertility to after-school years. We also document heterogeneity and show that the fertility effects are stronger for Muslim women. The policy leads to a consistent drop in the probability of marriage and cumulative births for Muslim women, which sustain beyond the completion of schooling years. The results hold with alternative empirical model specifications and falsification tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Smallholder rice farming persists and farm size remains constant, refuting the farm-size-transition hypothesis. • Variegated trajectories of agrarian transition occurring in the Central Plains and Northeast of Thailand are explained by an interrelated set of key dynamic variables. • These factors are access to resources, household farm labor, farm inputs, agrarian finance, and government support. • Our comparative data show how regional specificity and geographical proximity to advantageous factors shape variegated agrarian dynamics. This paper contributes to new understandings of agrarian transition for smallholder rice farming in Southeast Asia through quantitative data analysis from Thailand's two main rice growing regions. Despite economic modernization models predicting a farm-size transition of smallholder agriculture to large-scale commercial farms with the onset of industrialization and urban employment opportunities, we find rice farmers continue to persist and defy anticipated trends, but not uniformly. We conducted a comprehensive survey in 2019 with rice farming households in twelve provinces in Thailand's Central Plains and the Northeast on how a host of dynamic farming variables have changed from 2000 to 2019. Rather than the concentration of smallholder rice farms into large commercial farms, we find that the size of smallholder rice farms has remained remarkably consistent across study sites. Our comparative data analysis advances an interrelated set of key explanatory variables that go beyond land size to explicate the variegated nature of agrarian transition: access to resources, household farm labor, farm inputs, agrarian finance, and government support. Our study demonstrates the need for taking into consideration (sub-)regional specificity of material conditions and multi-scaled forces, as well as geographical proximity to advantageous factors, in shaping variegated trajectories of agrarian transition. Smallholder rice farmers and rice production is not about to significantly decline in either region of Thailand nor the rest of Southeast Asia, at least for the next several decades, but will increasingly be defined by changing demographics, growing environmental and climatic challenges, and consolidating global rice production supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open eco-innovation, which involves collaborative processes to develop environmentally sustainable solutions with diverse stakeholders, heavily relies on collaboration. This study aims to address this research gap in open eco-innovation by (1) examining perceived support and participation in an open innovation program for SMEs, predicting the outcomes of open eco-innovation, and (2) providing a foundation for a targeted public policy program. A sample of 495 SMEs in Thailand was analyzed using multiple probit regressions to understand how different forms of support and participation in open innovation programs affect the probability of open eco-innovation. Findings indicate that SMEs with uncertain internal open innovation programs are more likely to decrease the predicted probability of open eco-innovation. For instance, Thai SMEs investing in R&D and network activities may lack a clear pathway to enhance their eco-innovation capabilities, resulting in reduced R&D alliances and joint ventures. Practically, it is advised that SMEs carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of open innovation before developing eco-innovation capabilities. Moreover, the study offers empirical evidence on the open innovation activities that influence SMEs' engagement in open eco-innovation. From a policy perspective, policymakers should prioritize creating a supportive environment, such as enhancing green cooperation. The originality of this paper lies in the use of a probit regression model to analyze factors influencing open eco-innovation and a logic model to provide actionable steps for promoting it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To facilitate the development of new varieties and conserve plant germplasm data for future needs, Thailand organizations have developed plant germplasm search systems that provide access and exchange plant genetic resource data like the international organizations. However, the development of plant germplasm search systems using traditional data warehousing creates a limitation in terms of structural flexibility and scalability, as well as search performance. Accordingly, this paper proposes a JSON and index search system for the plant germplasm database named JINDEX. JINDEX is a new approach for implementing a galaxy schema in NoSQL based a hybrid key-value/document data model. Plant germplasm data is stored in JSON files as a document data model, providing a flexible structure of genetic resources for various plants. The plant germplasm data and index files are organized as an on-disk tree structure, which can be accessed regarding a key-value data model to retrieve plant germplasm data efficiently. Experimental results showed that the JINDEX-based plant germplasm search system outperforms the previous plant germplasm search system implemented in a relational database in terms of query response time. Additionally, this JINDEX-based plant germplasm search system has been deployed since 2020, demonstrating that it can work practically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Social-ecological model reveals links between liver fluke infection risk and places. • Land use and modernization affect raw fish dish choices, thereby infection levels. • Interpersonal-level family tradition reinforces raw fish eating as cultural identity. • Community-level health support contributes to individual-level behavior change. • Water management policies and developments may unintentionally impact infection risks. Human liver fluke infection through the consumption of raw freshwater fish is one of the foodborne parasitic infections of global concern. Despite decades of health campaign efforts, high prevalence of infection remains in different areas of the Lower Mekong Basin. This necessitates the consideration of the infection differences between places and the human-environment complexities of disease transmission. This paper used the socio-ecological model as a framework to unraveled the social science dimensions of liver fluke infection. We conducted questionnaire surveys in Northeast Thailand to gather participants' knowledge on liver fluke infection and reasons for raw fish consumption. We synthesized our findings with prior work to identify factors influencing liver fluke infection at four socio-ecological levels. At the individual level, gender and age differences in food consumption habits and personal hygiene of open defection presented the behavioral risks. At the interpersonal level, family tradition and social gathering affected the disease risk. At the community level, physical-social-economic environments of land use and modernization, community health infrastructure and health volunteer support accounted for the varying degree of infection. At the policy level, impacts of regional and national regulations on disease control, health system organization structure, and government development projects were of concerned. The findings provide insights into how infection risks are shaped by people's behavior, social connectedness, interactions with places, and the interplay of these multi-level socio-ecological influences. The framework therefore allows a more comprehensive understanding of liver fluke infection risks to inform a culturally sensitive and sustainable disease control program. Summary: Through the lens of social science, this study uses the social-ecological framework to illustrate the interplay among multi-level contextual factors on foodborne parasitic infection risk. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The EU envisions itself as a global leader in sustainable fisheries governance. This paper explores how two key policies seek to implement these aspirations internationally – the Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) regulation and the Sustainable Fishing Partnership Agreements (SFPAs). We draw on case studies in Thailand and Senegal to examine the specific mechanisms through which the EU influences fisheries governance beyond its territory, respectively through the IUU regulation and SFPAs. Drawing on normative power literature, we argue that the EU utilises network and market modes of governance to translate normative environmental values into third country regulations as part of dialogue and negotiation processes. In particular, we expand on the functioning of the network mode of governance by looking at how the EU has used socialisation and partnership approaches to promote certain values during its dialogues with both countries. In Thailand, the EU helped promote fisheries reform through its IUU yellow card mechanism, but its influence has at times been criticised as too directive. Meanwhile, the latest iteration of the EU's bilateral fishing relations with Senegal under the new SFPA scheme shows promising improvement compared to previous versions, but remains complicated by the two countries' relative power imbalance. Overall, our paper seeks to enrich the engagement of fisheries governance literature with questions of EU relations with third countries. Our two case studies demonstrate how exploring the functioning of normative aspects is significant particularly because the advancement of sustainability in global fisheries depends on concrete, historically complex, and multilaterally constructed power relations. • This paper explores two key mechanisms from the EU's external fisheries policy—the IUU Regulation and SFPAs. • Thailand and Senegal cases help exame how and to what extent the EU has exercised green aspects of normative power during its negotiations. • The EU translates normative values of sustainable fishing to third countries by employing network and market modes of governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical careers begin by encompassing a broad range of study which ultimately narrow down to specialization and sub-specialization. However, little is known about this transition be it to medical students or to employers and to the public at large. The main focus of this paper was to examine the Role of Preferred Career Choices in Health Professionals.The study objectively looked at whether the first dream of medical graduates was really preferably rooted in medical cadres setting. Specific objective was mainly to look at the choice of career to practice as medical personnel and the factors influencing their choices. Descriptive cross sectional study was done. The study population was limited to seventy four multidisciplinary medical professionals working in three health care facilities, of which two were public hospitals and one was private hospital in Dar es Salaam. The medical cadres included were nursing, medical doctors, pharmacy, radiography/radiotherapy and laboratory technology. The questionnaires were piloted and validated with 17 volunteers which were later included in the final analysis. The distribution of male to female ratio was almost 1:1 at 52.7% (male) and 47.3% (female). In average the sampled respondents had worked in medical field for 11.09 years during the study time, ranging from a few months to 35 years post school graduation. A substantial variation of work satisfaction among the medical professionals was found with junior medical professionals (ranging from a few months to 7 years of work experience after their graduation) were not satisfied with their career in medical field. Those with working experience between 4 and 9 years were 13 times more likely not to choose the same career if were given a second chance to opt careers based on current preference as compared to more experienced professionals (P=0.028). Available admission opportunities during application and choice based on individual preferences were the most motivating factors to a staffs' sense of job proud we are seeing today (p<.05), whereas pay, sense of job commitment and loan availability during course registration were the least motivating factors (p>.05). The poor service provision many hospitals are suffering today rooted of wide range of medical professional prevailing dissatisfaction.Based on these findings, it is recommended that to revive satisfaction of many medical workers there should be motivation and advocacy campaign mostly to newly recruited professionals so as to bring change in attitude and make them more focused on service delivery in saving lives of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Radiography has changed image quality assurance management. The wide dynamic exposure latitude can obtain optimal image quality, either overexposure or underexposure. American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) recommended using the standard Exposure Index (EI) to monitor the optimal exposure factors for individual radiographic examination. The undesirable EI may indicate the patients' risk of unnecessary radiation doses or repeated examination. However, the pace of plain radiography service is fast. Radiographers could pass the images with suboptimal exposure because those images still have diagnostic value. This paper will illustrate the experience of using the radiation dose management platform to monitor the EI and help quality assurance of the images with optimal radiation dose. The researcher reviewed the EI statistical result of a general X-ray machine in the first quarter of 2022. The seven highest and the seven lowest EI cases were selected and investigated individually. The image quality and exposure factors were studied to reveal the workflow and setting of the machine. The dose management system collected 2194 case data. The recommended EI is 226. The mean EI of the dataset was 233. The highest EI was over 10 SD from the mean, and the lowest EI was around -8 SD from the mean during the study period. The involved studies were hips, chest, foot, C-spine and L-spine. The DAP and demographic data were observed. No deterioration of image quality was found in the overexposure cases. However, the underexposure images had the noisy appearance. The information showed three major causes of suboptimal EI. First, the radiographer could not adjust the exposure factors according to the thickness of the area. Second, some cases had the proper exposure factors with the wrong processing algorithm. Third, the misalignment of the object and sensor for examinations with AEC caused suboptimal exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a mathematical model depicting the transmission dynamics of Chickenpox is developed by incorporating a new parameter denoting the rate of precautionary measures. The influence and the importance of following precautionary measures are showed by applying the real data collected at Phuket province, Thailand. The model analysis such as positivity and boundedness of the solutions are provided. The rate of precaution for the spread the of chickenpox was a factor that influenced the basic reproductive number, which was calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The model's equilibrium points are identified, and the condition for the disease-free equilibrium's local and global asymptotic stability is established. The model also shows forward bifurcation. Numerical simulation is carried out to show the importance of considering the precautionary measures while controlling the disease spread and the influence of those introduced parameters are depicted graphically. Though our results, we concluded that the rate of precautionary measures plays an vital role at the same time it reduces the chance of getting infected by Chickenpox virus. • The Mathematical model is developed to understand the control of Chickenpox. • Diseases spread among people with and without complications were studied. • Stability of equilibrium points were examined by Routh and Castillo theorems. • While studying the influence of transmission rate, we ended up with forward bifurcation. • In our study of transmission rate, we discovered forward bifurcation. • We proved that, Multiple precautions = lower infection risk, reduced R 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illegal practices that cause stock prices to vary from their fair values are known as stock price manipulations. Our prior study used unsupervised deep learning to detect these unlawful activities, in which the autoencoder model could catch five out of six cases in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Trading actions of good governance equities in a limit order book format were used to train the model, and abnormalities were viewed as manipulation. This unsupervised technique has the strength of discovering never-before-seen patterns, although it has a low recall rate. In this work, the findings were improved by incorporating knowledge about the popular pump-and-dump pattern into another supervised deep learning model, which has a strength in catching known patterns. To combine the advantages of both models, an ensemble of supervised and unsupervised deep neural networks was proposed. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that the new ensemble model achieved a higher detection rate than the unsupervised model alone. The supervised learning model used was a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, the unsupervised learning model used was an LSTM-based autoencoder, and the stack classifier in the ensemble model was a support vector machine (SVM). The proposed method was evaluated on six real manipulation cases from the SET. The empirical results showed that our ensemble model could improve the detection strength, achieved high accuracy on pump-and-dump unseen data, and could identify six out of six real manipulation cases with low false alarm rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the movement of highly educated migrants and examines the impact of higher education on migration to cities in Thailand by using the Migration Survey (MS) from 2011 to 2020 and employing an education reform that upgraded teachers' training college to Rajabhat Institutes (now called "Rajabhat University") as an instrument. The results show that highly educated migrants whose destination is Bangkok primarily come from the Central, Northeast regions and small cities. In contrast, those with destinations to other regions mainly move within the neighborhood. The motives of highly educated migrants are job-oriented and differentiated by their characteristics, including working sectors, age, gender, marital status, and migrating forms. The estimation results suggest that higher education increases the likelihood of migration to cities. The findings provide valuable information on the behavior of highly educated migrants for policy-makers in designing livable cities and distributing human capital that need to be tailored on the career and job-related measures. • The motives of highly educated migrants are mainly job-oriented and have little obligations to move for household issues. • Higher education increases the likelihood of migration to cities. • The effect of higher education is higher for those migrating from larger cities to smaller cities (migrate down) than those migrating from smaller cities to larger cities (migrate up). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents a non-contact approach for a large-scale cable tension evaluation. • The presented non-contact approach is based on 3D laser scanning data. • An actual case study of the long-span roof cable of a big exhibition center in Thailand is performed to show the effectiveness of the presented approach. • The presented non-contact approach yields satisfactory results compared with a conventional method by measuring the cable's natural frequency. This study proposes a non-contact approach for tension evaluation of a large-scale cable-stayed roof. Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning data based on a terrestrial laser scanner are utilized to explore the current cable configuration in 3D. Subsequent analysis of the exact current cable configuration indicates that the cable tension can be evaluated by minimizing the cable configuration error. The precise cable tension, which correlates with the actual cable configuration, is determined using nonlinear finite element analysis which is based on a model formulation that considers the effect of bending rigidity. The proposed method is verified by experimental studies. A case study is performed of the long-span roof cable of a large exhibition center in Thailand to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in comparison with the natural frequency measurement-based method. The results show that the proposed method is an alternative non-contact approach for evaluating cable tension with reasonable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermal performance of the radiant ceiling cooling was assessed for intermittent operation in tropical office environment. • Insulated envelope and outdoor air heat recovery improved both indoor comfort and energy saving of the radiant ceiling system. • The local people would achieve their neutral sensation by the radiant ceiling cooling for more than 95% of the office hours. • The radiant system saved the electrical energy up to 40% opposed to the conventional mixed-air system. This paper investigated the radiant ceiling cooling in office buildings in a tropical hot humid climate. Full-scale experiments were conducted in an outdoor laboratory chamber to observe the indoor thermal conditions and the envelope heat gain from the intermittent operation of the installed radiant chilled panels (RCP) coupled with an outdoor air unit (OAU). The radiant system was also modeled by using a simulation software namely Transient System Simulation Software (TRNSYS), and the calculation results from the model were compared to the experimental observations. In the simulation part, the validated TRNSYS model was adopted to assess the radiant system performance in a typical office environment under the four schemes of combinations of the technology options for the OAU and the building envelope. The perceived comfort from the radiant cooling was assessed based on the thermal sensation of the local subjects acclimatized to hot humid climate. The energy consumption of the radiant cooling was also apprised as opposed to the conventional mixed-air system. The simulation results presented an insight into the importance of the exhaust air heat recovery and the envelope insulation on energy saving and human comfort improvement for the radiant cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Improve the Siamese network by combining attention mechanism for cow legs tracking, and promoted the success rate. • Detecting lameness by using step sizes of the front and rear legs as feature vectors for the classification algorithm. • The proposed method can deal with the partial occlusion of the cow's legs during tracking. The analysis of a cow's motion behavior is based on the positioning and tracking of its legs. This paper proposes a Siamese attention model (Siam-AM) fusion attention mechanism to obtain the automatic tracking and monitoring of cow legs in large-scale farms. Firstly, the features of the cow's leg are extracted using the first frame of motion image data. The search area in the subsequent frames is also input into the network to extract additional features. Then an attention module is used to assign weights to the features. The similarity between different regions and image features of the first frame was compared. The image with the most significant similarity was taken as the predicted position of the cow's leg. Finally, the relative step size of the cow's front and rear legs is calculated using the leg's position coordinates. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is constructed to realize the lameness detection of the cow. The experimental results show that the proposed Siam-AM algorithm has an average tracking accuracy of 93.80 %, an average frame rate of 57 fps, and a lameness detection accuracy of 94.73 %. These results provide an effective method for accurate tracking and lameness detection of a cow's leg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]