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Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a debilitating adverse effect of cancer treatments with taxanes which may require a reduction or discontinuation chemotherapy and affect clinical and survival outcomes. A number of factors have contributed to the increasing prevalence of TIPN. Nonetheless, limited knowledge exists of potential prechemotherapy blood-based biochemical factors associated with TIPN development. We recruited breast cancer patients at seven cancer institutions in China. Participants aged 18 years or older with stage I to III breast cancer who scheduled to undergo primary neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy with taxanes were eligible. Eligible patients underwent patient-reported neuropathy assessments using the EORTC-CIPN20 questionnaire. Patients completed the questionnaire before commencing treatment and after every cycle. For every patient, we selected the highest TIPN toxicity score for analysis since the first cycle. The posttreatment TIPN severity was compared with blood-based biochemical factors within 30 days before commencing treatment. Independent samples t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and linear regression were used to identify blood-based and clinical associations with TIPN development. The study included 873 breast cancer participants who received paclitaxel, docetaxel or nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel. In the whole cohort, factors associated with higher TIPN toxicity scores were higher cumulative chemotherapy dose (β = 0.005; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.006; P <.001), lower sodium ions (β = −0.24; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.09; P =.002) and higher chloride ions (β = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.44; P <.001). The findings suggest that breast cancer patients with a higher cumulative chemotherapy dose, lower pretreatment sodium ions, and higher pretreatment chloride ions receiving taxanes should receive closer monitoring to mitigate the development of short-term and long-term TIPN. • Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is a debilitating adverse effect of cancer treatments. • Limited knowledge exists of potential prechemotherapy blood-based biochemical factors associated with TIPN development. • Ion channels, including sodium, potassium, and chloride ion channels, are associated with TIPN. • Alterations in sodium ion channel type and activity may contribute to the development of TIPN. • The altered function of chloride ion cotransporters can cause the transmission of peripheral pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion of archaeological bronzes is a complex process, and different corrosion phenomena can occur even within the same site, while previous studies paid little attention. Different corrosion phenomena can be observed on bronzes unearthed from Sujialong Cemetery, Hubei, China; in particular, some bronzes exhibit severe bronze disease, which is an uncommon phenomenon in Hubei bronzes. Multiple analysis methods were used to identify the corrosion products on the bronzes and to clarify the corrosion mechanisms. The results showed that the different corrosion phenomena were associated with the tomb microenvironment in different areas of the cemetery, which was confirmed by a spatial analysis of the whole cemetery; the outbreak of bronze disease was closely related to the presence of high chloride ion concentrations in the tomb environment and poor preservation conditions after excavation. The different corrosion phenomena are related to the archaeological contexts of the bronzes (especially microenvironments), which have been investigated only superficially in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The atmospheric corrosion performance of structural steel bolts in a tropical marine environment was studied. • Degree of deterioration after 2 years was 40Cr steel > galvanized steel > 304SS. • 304SS bolt exhibited localized corrosion while the CS bolts showed uniform corrosion. • Metallurgy, environment, and surface conditions influenced the corrosion process. • Surface coatings applied to bolts made of carbon steel had limited efficacy. The atmospheric corrosion performance of three different grades of hexagonal head structural steel bolts with distinctive surface finishes (304 stainless steel (plain), galvanized steel (Zn coated), and 40Cr steel (black coated)) was examined in this study using surface analysis and characterization techniques. The bolts were exposed in the Wenchang marine environment for two years. Results showed that a combination of factors such as alloying content, microstructure, surface finishing, and environmental conditions impacted the corrosion performance of the examined bolts. The corrosion mechanisms and patterns varied between the different bolt materials; 304SS bolts exhibited localized corrosion, while galvanized steel and 40Cr steel bolts exhibited uniform corrosion. In terms of coating performance in the marine environment, the zinc coating provided minimal protection to the underlying steel substrate when compared to the black oxide coating which failed prematurely, rendering it unsuitable for use in the marine atmosphere. Furthermore, despite the formation of a dense rust layer on the galvanized and 40Cr steel substrates after 2 years of marine atmospheric exposure, the fastener degradation was critical, suggesting that the rust layer is not beneficial in the threaded fasteners due to the high susceptibility to exfoliation that may eventually lead to thread stripping. This poses a serious risk to bolted assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Review of previous research of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete under natural environments. • Natural corrosion data of steel rebar in concrete collected from various field exposure stations worldwide. • Knowledge gaps and challenging issues towards advanced understanding and simulation of steel corrosion. • Important tendency of future research on steel corrosion. In-lab accelerated steel rebar corrosion tests have greatly deepened the understandings in corrosion behaviors, but remain still far from being filling the gaps between the corrosion mechanisms and the performance of concrete structures under natural environments. This paper reviews and analyzes the previous research of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete under natural environments, focusing on corrosion rate, microstructure at the steel-concrete interface, rust composition and properties, accelerated techniques to reproduce natural corrosion characteristics, predictive models and corrosion repair technology. Natural corrosion data of steel rebar in concrete collected from various field exposure stations across China are compiled and analyzed. Natural corrosion rate of steel in concrete tends to decrease over time in long terms. The non-uniform distribution of multilayer corrosion products at the steel-concrete interface causes rapid development of cracks. How to obtain the corresponding relationship between laboratory acceleration techniques and steel corrosion under a specific natural environment would be the important tendency of future research. Post-repair durability behavior assessment system of existing technologies needs establishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cl− significantly boosted Cu0 system for degrading acetaminophen. • Cl− promoted the generation of H 2 O 2 in the Cu0 system. • Cl− reduced the dismutation of Cu+ via forming Cu-Cl complexes. • Cl− was conducive to the comproportionation reaction of Cu2+ and Cu0. • Acetaminophen in actual water samples was greatly degraded by Cl−/Cu0 system. Zero-valent copper particles (Cu0) used to degrade pollutant due to its in-site generation and activation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), while the disproportionation of Cu+ limited the efficacy. In this study, spiking chloride ion (Cl−) into zero-valent copper (Cu0) system (Cl−/Cu0 system) enhanced greatly acetaminophen degradation. The addition of Cl− not only reduced the dismutation reaction of Cu+, but also helped the comproportionation reaction of Cu0 and Cu2+, leading to much generation of Cu+ and H 2 O 2. Hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive chlorine species were identified as the dominant reactive oxidants in the Cl−/Cu0 system with its contribution ratio of degrading acetaminophen being respectively 73.4 % and 23.8 %. In the Cl−/Cu0 system, Cu+ was released by H+ corrosion from Cu0, and then Cu+ coupled with Cl− forming Cu-Cl complexes; Meanwhile, the reaction of O 2 and the species of Cu+ (e. g. Cu-Cl complexes and Cu+) produced H 2 O 2 and, then the species of Cu+ catalyzed H 2 O 2 to form OH; Thereinto, partial OH was shifted by Cl− to reactive chlorine species. Except for fulvic acid, coexisting substrates such as sulphate, nitrate and phosphate ions had no obvious inhibition impact on oxidizing acetaminophen in the Cl−/Cu0 system. Furthermore, the Cl−/Cu0 system presented a good removal rate of acetaminophen in three actual water samples. Moreover, three kinds of dyes and painkillers was removed over 78 % in the Cl−/Cu0 system. The residual total dissolved copper was under II-level of environmental quality standards for surface water in China by alkali precipitation and filtration after reaction. Therefore, the study provided a new idea to enhance Cu0 for the purification of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper points out that the unreliable measurement of the composition and porosity of hydrate sediments is the main reason for the low prediction accuracy of Wood method, and further illustrates that Wood method is not conducive to the application of post-stack seismic data. • A Wood-Imp equation is proposed to clarify the relationship between hydrate saturation and impedance. • A wood-Imp method is proposed to reduce the prediction error of hydrate saturation by using non-hydrate layer. A large amount of suspended natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been found in Shenhu sea area of China. At present, Wood method is considered to be a suitable method for predicting the saturation of suspended NGH. However, there are two problems in the application of this method in Shenhu sea area of China. First, this method is difficult to directly predict NGH saturation based on post-stack seismic data inversion, since it does not clarify the relationship between NGH saturation and P-wave impedance. Second, the prediction results of this method are quite different from the actual values in Shenhu sea area of China, which makes it difficult to obtain reliable resource estimation in this sea area. To clarify the relationship between NGH saturation and P-wave impedance, this paper proposes an improved Wood equation called Wood-Imp equation, which lays a foundation for predicting NGH saturation by using post-stack wave impedance data. For the second problem, the main reason for the large prediction error of Wood method is that the existing measurement technology cannot avoid the measurement errors in sediment composition, pore sizes, etc. Thus, Wood-Imp method is proposed based on non-NGH layer to reduce the of NGH saturation prediction error. Three comparison experiments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed Wood-Imp method, including simulation data, well S data in Shenhu sea area, two-dimensional forward modeling of Shenhu sea area data. (1) Wood-Imp method has much higher accuracy in predicting NGH saturation than Wood method; (2) The predicted NGH saturation in Shenhu well S by Wood-Imp method is closer to that calculated by chloride ion method than that of Wood method; (3) Wood-Imp method has obtained better NGH saturation prediction accuracy based on P-wave impedance data obtained by post-stack inversion in two-dimensional forward modeling. Therefore, the Wood-Imp method proposed in this paper is more suitable for predicting suspended NGH saturation than the existing Wood method in Shenhu sea area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A chloride salt erosion experiment on the asphalt surface was conducted for AFM tests. • AFM imaging revealed microstructural evolution of asphalt with chloride salt erosion. • Spatial parameters ω and ξ provide precise information about the asphalt surface texture. A salt-eroded environment can have a significant negative impact on asphalt pavements, especially in the salt-rich regions of east and west China. This research examines the microstructural evolution of asphalt binders due to chloride salt erosion through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology, roughness parameters, statistical functions, lateral correlation length (ξ), interface width (ω), and fractal dimension (D f) are used to study the asphalt surface after chloride treatment. Results from AFM show that chloride salt erosion induces the evolution of the surface local microstructure of the asphalt. The presence of chloride salts will form an unstable amorphous film soluble in water on the surface of the asphalt to wrap the bee-structure. Once the amorphous membrane is destroyed, the bee-structure is re-exposed. As the chloride salt concentration increases, the surface roughness decreases, which is manifested as a decrease in root mean square roughness (S q). The erosion effect of chloride ions has a significant influence on the ξ and ω of the asphalt samples. The two spatial parameters ω and ξ can provide precise information about the asphalt surface texture together with S q. Furthermore, the fractal dimension can better reflect the evolution of bee-structures with chloride salt concentration and erosion time. The study results shed light on explaining the essential role of the microstructural evolution of asphalt films which are known as chloride salt erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA), as a hazardous solid waste, contains such toxic substances as heavy metals and dioxin, making its disposal a global public health concern. This study aims to comprehensively combine solid waste red mud (RM), carbide slag (CS), and MSWIFA into eco-friendly geopolymer. This experiment used CS slurry and RM slurry without drying and grinding, effectively reducing energy consumption and cost. The mechanical and environmental properties of geopolymer were characterized by strength, chloride ion curing rate, and leaching concentration of heavy metals. The microscopic hydration mechanism of the binder was investigated using XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, SEM + EDS, and MIP tests. The results show that when RM: CS: MSWIFA = 5: 2: 3, the 28 d compressive strength can reach 11.7 MPa, the chloride ion curing rate is 80.41%, and leaching levels of toxic substances are lower than the limits for landfill disposal regulated by the China standard (GB16889-2008). The Al–O and Si–O chemical bonds in RM were broken in the alkaline environment provided by CS and MSWIFA, and formed hydrate calcium chloroaluminate (HCC) and C–S–H gel with calcium ions and chloride ions. These hydration products can fill pores and reduce porosity, making the pores in the structure mainly gel micropores and mesopores with volume fractions of 10.3 and 68.1% respectively. This study expands the application of a new waste alkaline activator in alkaline activation and provides methods for MSWIFA solidification. [Display omitted] • The synergistic use of CS and MSWIFA as alkaline activators outperformed single mixing. • The highest compressive strength was obtained with a RM-to–CS–to-MSWIFA ratio of 5:2:3. • C–S–H gel and HCC are the main hydration products, enhancing the pore structure. • The new geopolymer has good ability to immobilize heavy metals and chloride ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]