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Patient-specific simulation of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems in cardiovascular systems plays an increasingly important role in fundamental research and clinical applications. However, modeling such problems is challenging, as they often involve non-trivial structural deformation, morphing flow domains, and complex interfaces. In this paper, we develop an incompressible SPH-total Lagrangian SPH (ISPH-TLSPH) framework well-adapted to cardiovascular FSI simulations. The matrix-free iterative ISPH method is used to simulate the hemodynamics and the stabilized TLSPH is used to simulate the dynamics of blood vessels. We propose a novel FSI coupling strategy to couple the ISPH with TLSPH, conforming to strict interface matching conditions. Moreover, we accurately incorporate the lumped parameter (0D) models into the 3D SPH framework to simulate the physiological effects of downstream vascular beds. Lastly, graphics processing unit (GPU) parallelization techniques are implemented in our framework to improve efficiency. The developed framework is first validated by investigating the pulse wave propagation in straight vessels under different boundary conditions. Then the FSI processes in the blood vessel with stenosis and the patient-specific aorta are modeled and investigated. The simulation results show that our framework is effective and efficient for the simulations of patient-specific blood vessels. • A framework that couples the matrix-free iterative ISPH with TLSPH is developed. • A novel coupling strategy for fluid–structure interaction is proposed. • A 3D-0D coupled model is introduced to the SPH framework. • GPU parallelization is implemented for accelerating SPH computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem, water entry involves violent fluid flows and changing free surfaces, which presents great challenges for numerical modeling. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian particle method that has natural advantages in modeling free surfaces and moving interfaces. However, SPH is computationally expensive due to the search of particle–particle interactions, and it causes great difficulties for performing large-scale simulations of 3D FSI problems. In this work, we present an accelerated SPH framework based on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) techniques to study water entry problems. The multi-threading programmed by Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is applied to enhance the computational performance in terms of efficiency and scale. Compared to the Single-CPU-based strategy, the newly presented GPU-accelerated SPH method is computationally more efficient with a speedup over hundreds times and enables a larger memory available for large-scale simulations of around ten million particles for three-dimensional cases. With the GPU-accelerated SPH method, the 3D water entry of a circular cylinder is investigated with some kinematic and dynamic characteristics explained. The results demonstrate that the rotational characteristic of a 3D cylinder in water entry is related to the dimensionless number γ defined as the ratio of the initial inclination angle to the initial velocity angle. The rotation of a cylinder changes from anticlockwise to clockwise with the increase in γ. A transition value of γ exists between the anticlockwise to clockwise rotation, which focuses on the range from 1.0 to 6.0. Meanwhile, the water entry of a 3D circular cylinder leads to a violent impact on the bottom of the cylinder, which causes a peak value of pressure being a maximum value at the early stage of the water entry. It is also indicated that the selection of the initial inclination angle has a great effect on the maximum pressure. • A GPU-accelerated SPH method for fluid–structure interaction problems is developed. • The GPU-accelerated SPH method can greatly improve the computational ability compared to CPU-based SPH. • The water entry characteristics of a 3D cylinder relate to the ratio of the initial inclination angle to velocity angle. • A cross-region that the trajectory of the centroid always passes through is determined by the initial velocity angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]