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Livable environment and ways, as the necessary conditions for the elderly to enjoy their old age, have a significant impact on their mental health and happiness. It's crucial to understand how living arrangements affect depressive symptoms in China. Studies on how various leisure activities modify this association are yet limited. This study relies on panel data derived from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), collected during waves spanning 2008/2009, 2011/2012, 2014, and 2018. The primary objective is to examine the relationship between living arrangements, leisure activities, and depressive symptoms of elderly individuals. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the data. A total of 26,342 observations aged 65 and over were included in this paper. Older adults living alone (β = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.55, 0.76) or living in institutions (β = 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.40, 0.98) had more depressive symptoms than those living with family. Leisure activities were negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.16, 95 % CI: −0.18, −0.15). Moreover, there was significant interactions between living arrangements and leisure activities. No matter which kind of living arrangements, participating in physical, productive or social activity was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Study design might introduce bias, and it cannot establish causality between the tested variables. Older adults living alone or in institutions have more possibility to develop depressive symptoms than those living with family, and such a relationship among Chinese older adults can be moderated by participating in leisure activities. • Older adults living alone or in institutions had more depressive symptoms than those living with family. • Participation in leisure activities showed a negative association with depressive symptoms. • There were significant interactions between living arrangements and leisure activities. • Whatever the life arrangements, participating in leisure activities was related to a lower risk of depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of communities that produce knowledge about the natural world have largely focused on groups working with or for academic scientists and conforming to the epistemic values of academic knowledge production. This paper details a community that produces natural knowledge outside of those parameters. The reef hobbyist community, a group that works with aquariums as a form of non-professional leisure, has developed historical narratives, publishing standards, and recognized forms of expertise that are not shared by academic scientists. However, their goal is to produce knowledge about coral systems and their hobby has resulted in a wealth of knowledge about coral husbandry. In this paper, I identify the structure of this community, highlight several prominent groups that make up the network of reef hobbyists, and trace the ways that they produce knowledge about the marine environment through their actions. This paper contributes to discussions about diverse ways of knowing and differing forms of knowledge production in the history and philosophy of science. By examining the history and practices of a well-developed knowledge community outside of academic science, I hope to call attention to the ways that philosophers and historians have centered academic science and its structure and use of knowledge, even in conversations about non-professional knowledge producers. This paper pushes scholars to think more deeply about the way knowledge is developed in non-academic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different characteristics of literacy scales in tourism, together with the variety of constructs, the methods and samples used, lead to a need for a structured overview of prior research in the field. Through a systematic review of the literature, the purpose of this practice paper is to present a concise view of the methods, samples and literacy scales used in tourism, as well as a synthesis of prior findings on the effects of literacy constructs on perceptions, intentions, and behavioral variables. Based on the review, this practice paper presents a research agenda on literacy in tourism. • Sixty-three published research relating to literacy in tourism were reviewed. • A synthesis of prior findings in the field is presented. • Scales used to measure literacy in tourism differ from measurements in other fields. • Most promising future research themes on literacy in the field are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Leisure paths can be suffused with multiple layers of affective politics. • Retail infrastructure spills-over onto non-commercial infrastructures. • Military infrastructure spills-over onto civilian infrastructures. • Non-representational methodologies account for these infrastructural politics. • Post-phenomenology assists in interpreting qualitative data around sound. The paper builds on recent literature on post-phenomenology to understand how politics suffuse the everyday experience of walking on an urban leisure path in Tucson, Arizona (USA). Beginning with non-representational accounts of affect, this paper then shifts to post-phenomenology to make sense of the findings on how walking the path is impacted by at least two other influences: the retail consumption infrastructure of shopping centres and advertising, and the military infrastructure of Air Force bases. Post-phenomenology helps us advance our understanding of how these power centers emit affective atmospheres while also situating their incompleteness and inability to fully control the production of subjectivity. By way of auto-ethnographic reflections, this paper displays (1) how retail spills into leisure space, and (2) how the materiality of warfare spills into civilian life. Post-phenomenology is a helpful approach for understanding a politics of affect in the absence of clear intentionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses arguments that suggest life would be better if machines took the place of humans in work. These arguments are highly topical and remain central to modern debates on automation. Yet, as argued in this paper, they have a long history. They draw strength from different ideas including about the value of work and free time. These ideas also fit with broader agendas that address futures beyond capitalism. The paper uses a review of the history of ideas on possible automated futures to develop critical insights into the scope for using technology to work less and better in the future. A key conclusion – again developing ideas from the past – is that automation should promote opportunities for well-being in work as well as beyond it. This conclusion helps to support a politics of automation aimed at securing greater democracy in the development and use of technology in society. • Identify the value of examining past ideas on automation and work futures. • Particularly useful are the ideas of Marx, J.S. Mill and Keynes. • Establish the limits of concept and vision in modern debates on technology and work. • Present novel ideas on how technology might be used to secure less and better work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most prior work on online reviews assumes that the value of reviews for consumers lies only in providing information about the product or the consumer's experience with the product. Yet, consumers also post and interact with pseudo-reviews, defined as reviews that describe exaggerated product experiences while trying to be entertaining. To address the nature and consequences of pseudo-reviews, this study develops a framework for understanding their value and how they affect consumer decision-making. First, we define how pseudo-reviews differ from other types of reviews. Then, we empirically examine how pseudo-reviews moderate the relationship between online review valence (how positive or negative the review is) and purchase intention. Finally, using a dual-processing theoretical lens, we examine how pseudo-reviews affect consumer decision-making through systematic and affective processing. We test our model through two experiments. The first study finds that pseudo-reviews reduce the impact of review valence on purchase intention when compared to genuine reviews. The second study shows that pseudo-reviews affect uncertainty and amusement, and these, in turn, affect purchase intention. We discuss the implications of pseudo-reviews for theory and practice. • Previous studies on online reviews often ignore the amusement value of online reviews. • The paper focuses on pseudo-reviews and develops a framework to understand their influence on consumer decisions. • For positive reviews, pseudo-reviews decrease the positive effect of review valence on purchase intention. • Pseudo-reviews affect consumer decisions by increasing both uncertainty and amusement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most leisure travel is motivated by interactions within one's social network, which influence the choice of activities undertaken in the city. In this paper, we employ a structural regression model to distinguish between the direct effect of social relations on leisure travel—measured as venue variety and activity space—and a complementary effect through the knowledge of the urban environment. The model was applied to a survey conducted in Zurich, Switzerland. The results demonstrate that individuals with stronger social relations are more aware of the activities that can be performed in the city. Furthermore, social relations serve as a strong explanatory variable for leisure activity space and venue variety, whereas the knowledge of the urban environment only influences venue variety. Accessibility also plays a significant role; higher accessibility reduces leisure activity space while increasing venue variety. • The three components of an individual's social network (structure, function, and quality) impact on leisure travel behavior. • Individuals with stronger social relations tend to know more about activities to perform and how to move through the city. • Social relations impact leisure activity space and venue variety, while knowing the urban environment impacts venue variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Big city dwellers feel worse off. • Much of the estimated effect is explained by big-city inhabitants longer commutes. • Commuting reduces the quality or quantity of meaningful interpersonal relationships. • Standard endogeneity concerns on agglomeration effects are addressed. This paper investigates the effect of big-city life on individuals' well-being. Combining data on Italian municipalities' characteristics with individual-level survey data, I find that big city dwellers feel worse off. This association is not driven by omitted variable bias or by spatial sorting of citizens. Commute time accounts for most of the differences in subjective well-being among cities of different sizes. There is suggestive evidence that the negative effect of commuting on well-being stems from the reduced time availability for fostering personal relationships and engaging in leisure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Night-time leisure economies are a highly under-researched area in Sri Lanka with sparse data available on its economic value and the nature of its consumers. Thus, this paper examines the gendered nature of night-time leisure consumption. Night clubs are argued to be ambivalent spaces that allow for a 'space of resistance' for women consumers who are resisting capitalist and socio-cultural norms that restrict them within productive and/or reproductive roles by frequenting night clubs but are entrapped within yet another capitalist space that propagates social inequalities and violence. Given the backdrop of conservative socio-cultural norms and stringent legal frameworks (largely designed by white colonizers in the 1800s in operation to date) in Sri Lanka, night economies, such as night clubs and pubs, are generally perceived as spaces of vices: of lechery and crime and those engaging in them, especially women face stigma and scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study applies a Maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform process and time-varying parameter model with shrinkage approaches to explore the effects of oil prices on the travel and leisure (T&L) industry in different scales and regions. Overall, our results suggest that fluctuations in oil prices generally raise the volatility of travel and leisure stocks. Effects of oil shocks are significantly time-varying in the short to medium term but relatively stable in the long term. In addition, time scale and regional heterogeneity arise in the impacts of oil shocks. The North American market is similar to the Global market in that oil shocks have a solid time-varying effect on the travel and leisure industry. The Europe and Asia-Pacific markets are affected by oil prices in the medium term but are much weaker than the North American market. • This paper studies the impacts of crude oil on the travel and leisure stock markets. • The Bayesian TVP models with three typical shrinkage priors are compared. • The time-varying nature of oil shocks is much stronger than other variables in most time scales. • Fluctuations in oil prices generally raise the volatility of travel and leisure stocks. • Regional and time-scale heterogeneity arise in the impacts of oil shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soviet extracurricular education system provided universal access and equality of extracurricular activities for all children; • After the collapse of the USSR, educational inequality in extracurricular education exponentially increased: territorial and financial accessibility of extracurricular activities decreased, as well as the enrollment rate – on average up to 40% in all 15 former Soviet republics; • There is a gender asymmetry in participation in extracurricular activities, which was not relevant for the Soviet period; • After the USSR's collapse, extracurricular activities became available for children with disabilities and special educational needs: the focus on inclusion is still weak, but it is gradually becoming a trend in the public and private sectors; • Post-Soviet transition has led to more excellent serviceability and competitiveness of extracurricular programs, which try to consider the needs of families and children and integrate into the global and national education development agenda. Broad access to educational services and a universal enrolment policy were declared crucial elements of the Soviet extracurricular education model. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the process of transforming the Soviet model of extracurricular education began. This process included changes in management and financing mechanisms, the structure and scope of the network, and content and ideas. These changes have had a significant negative impact on the equality of opportunities for children in terms of participating in extracurricular activities. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the above-mentioned inequality in different aspects: territorial, gender and socio-economic. We are also interested in the representation of this problem in the educational policy agendas of post-Soviet countries. We use three data sources: regulation documents, national and departmental statistics, and semi-structured interviews with leading experts and heads of national organisations of extracurricular education in all 15 countries of the former Soviet Union. In addition, we identify common and specific features in the structure and factors of inequality in extracurricular education in post-Soviet countries. Despite the general increase in inequality, we observed increased client orientation and inclusivity in the extracurricular sector. We also note the trend of expanding access opportunities in some countries. We discuss the role of extracurricular educational inequality as a part of broader educational and socio-economic formation and development of inequality in the post-Soviet space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the effects of a music group intervention and a leisure activities group intervention on well-being, self-esteem, social acceptance, challenging behaviour and three components of executive functions (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and visual working memory) of adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Twenty-nine participants living in four residential facilities for people with ID were randomized into a music or a leisure activities group intervention. Sixteen weekly sessions of one hour were performed with six to eight participants per group. Measurements were carried out at baseline, post-intervention and 11 weeks follow- up. Results were analysed with linear mixed models. The leisure activities group intervention improved more than the music group intervention on internalizing behaviour overall and on inhibitory control at post-intervention. However, further analyses showed that this improvement was only significant in one of the two leisure activities facilities. A leisure activities group intervention seems a promising intervention to improve internalizing behaviour and inhibitory control of younger adults with mild ID. Implications for the delivery of leisure activities group interventions and especially music group interventions are discussed. Involvement in leisure activities of people with ID is associated with better well-being, an improvement in social skills and a reduction in emotional and behavioural problems. Active music making, as a specific form of leisure activities, seems to improve well-being, social acceptance and challenging behaviour (CB) as well. Moreover, in different (non-clinical) groups a significant effect of active music making has been found on self-esteem and executive functioning (EF). So far, little attention has been paid to the possible positive effects of active music making on adults with ID. In the current paper, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the post-intervention and follow-up measurements with baseline measurements between a music group intervention and a leisure activities group intervention on well-being, self-esteem, social acceptance, CB and EF in adults with ID. Multilevel models were used to detect possible intervention effects of 16 weekly sessions. Overall, inhibitory control and internalizing behaviour improved more amongst the participants of the leisure activities group than amongst the participants of the music group. This was mainly the case for younger participants who had mild ID. These effects are discussed and recommendations regarding the improvement of a music intervention for people with ID are presented. • This study compared the effect between two group interventions (music and leisure activities) for adults with ID. • Participants in the leisure activities group intervention displayed significantly less internalizing behaviour. • Participants in the leisure activities group intervention showed significantly higher inhibitory control. • More research is necessary to fine-tune the appropriate duration and intensity of a music intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study based on statistically representative samples from 33 European countries. • Older people are less likely to use UGS, compared to other age groups. • Those who have higher education levels are less likely to use UGS. • Respondents with children are more unlikely than others to use UGS. • Countries can be meaningfully clustered with regard to the reasons for not using UGS. There is a large body of research on the benefits green spaces offer city dwellers and how people use urban green spaces (UGS). However, there is much less information on how many people do not use UGS, who these people are, and why they resign from going there. This paper focuses on understanding reasons that restrict the use of UGS and draws the socio-economic and demographic profile of UGS non-users. For this purpose, we surveyed N = 10,391 respondents from 33 European countries (statistically representative at the country level). Results show that about 10% of the respondents do not use UGS. However, the share of non-users differs between countries from 2% (Turkey) to 25% (United Kingdom). Results reveal statistically significant differences between those who do not use and those who use UGS across age, education level, and residential location, demonstrating the importance of considering the needs of different groups of people when designing, planning and managing UGS. Lack of time and interest, and long distance from where people live are key limiting factors. The dominant reasons for not using UGS enable us to group the countries using the hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis. With this study, we contribute to the knowledge of personal barriers that prevent UGS use and, in particular, connect the different reasons for not using UGS with the socio-economic groups typically listed as deprived when it comes to UGS provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism places pressures on the environment through the services provided (accommodation, food, leisure activities, and transport), meanwhile it is particularly vulnerable to global warming as climate is a crucial component of destinations' attractiveness. As a result, research focusing on the impacts of tourism has increased significantly. Practitioners consult a plethora of frameworks and publications to environmentally assess tourism but none of the existing guidelines provides specific recommendations making difficult to obtain reliable results that can be properly replicated and compared. This paper discusses the use of Footprint family indicators in tourism through a review of studies that measure the Water, Carbon, and Ecological Footprint of tourists. Results show a lack of specific data, and an absence of consensus about the system boundaries and methodologies used for calculation. Food production and transportation are the main drivers of environmental burdens. The Footprint indicators help to understand the trade-offs between environmental effects which can be used to prioritize sustainability efforts in the tourism industry. Additionally, this study presents a critical analysis of the influence on the trip's Footprint of the services provided to different rated tourism experiences (high, medium, and low rated) and offers a reflective comparison on the pressure exerted by visitors and the local population. • Tourism Footprint studies lack trustworthy datasets due to gaps in specific data. • Lack of consensus on boundaries in tourism Footprint studies hinders result comparison. • Tourism Footprint studies generally ignore end-of-life environmental impacts. • High-rated vacations impose the highest environmental burdens. • Tourists exert more pressure on natural resources and ecosystems than residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has changed many aspects of the hospitality and tourism industry, including technology-oriented and contactless solutions. Despite the increasing number of service companies using robots on their premises, most of the previous attempts and practices of adoption have remained unsuccessful. Prior research hints that socioeconomic factors could influence the successful adoption of these emerging technologies. Nevertheless, these studies ignore the role of profile factors and assume a homogenous response to using robots in service operations during the pandemic. Based on the theory of diffusion of innovation and a sample of 525 participants, this study investigates the differences in customers' attitudes, their level of involvement, and optimism for service robots as well as their intentions to use service robots in the five main areas of hotel operations (front desk, concierge, housekeeping, room service, and food and beverage) based on five profile factors (age, gender, income level, education, and purpose of trip). MANOVA tests show significant differences in all variables based on demographic factors; male, younger, more educated, higher income, and leisure travelers show more positive attitudes, higher involvement, optimism, and intention to use service robots across various hotel departments. In particular, mean scores were found to be smaller for the traditionally human-oriented functional areas of the hotel operations. We also clustered the participants based on their level of comfort and optimism about using service robots in hotels. Given the rapid changes in the service industry and the increasing adoption of service robots, this paper adds a much-needed contribution to the ongoing research on service robots in the service industry by investigating the impact of profile factors on guests' behavior towards service robots. • Identifies the primary factors of robot adoption in service settings. • Creates a human-robot interaction-based profile of customers. • Provides a deep analysis of human behavior based on socioeconomic factors. • Clusters the customers based on their level of comfort and optimism in service robots. • Provides department-specific insights and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature on the incorporation of immigrants, ethnic enclaves are described as residential spatial concentrations fulfilling several economic and social functions for its residents. This paper questions whether this model is applicable for understanding the African concentration in China. Based on fieldwork in 2012 and 2016, this paper tries to give an overview of the changing dispersal patterns of Africans in Guangzhou and to explain how the new African clusters are connected to the areas where African businesses are concentrated. The initial African clusters may have lost their dominant role in the housing of African migrants, yet they are the focal point of the African communities in Guangzhou, as both commercial and leisure activities remain concentrated here. We argue that while there is no enclave (anymore) in the sense of a contingent area where Africans constitute a big part of the population, the African clusters still fulfils some functions that are associated with an ethnic enclave. However, the obstacles that the Chinese authorities put in the way of obtaining a long-term residence permit make it highly unlikely that African clusters in Guangzhou will develop into the type of ethnic enclaves that are described in the Anglo-Saxon literature. • Existing studies have been limited in the interferences they could make about the important aspects of more long-term international migrants and their geographical configurations in particular in a long run period. • The present study tackles this problem by combining population data with detailed geographical data on African concentration from a cross-sectional perspective in 2015 and 2016. • This allows us to examine the effects of ethnic concentration at a wide variety of geographical scales - including the very local level - and to provide a detailed spatial configurations inside the African concentration. • Besides, we also have ethnographic data in 2012 and in 2016 beyond the African concentration to other clustering areas, with both geographical data and narrative data. • According to these different types of data, we find supports to our argument that the African concentration in Guangzhou is different from the ethnic enclave model in Anglo-Saxon literature in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates workplace accessibility in Stockholm through a workplace choice model within a space–time prism concept. We develop a workplace accessibility measure that incorporates individuals' constraints in time, space, and resources. The accessibility measure is derived from an activity-based demand model formulated as a Markov decision process in a dynamic discrete choice framework, where space–time constraints affect the possibilities of individuals to engage in activities during spare time. Indeed, the results show that spare time accessibility is significantly linked to workplace accessibility. Applications of the results show how space–time constraints, such as access to a car or having children, affect benefits in terms of consumer surplus for relocating a large workplace (a hospital in our case), car dependency, and segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is common to observe recreational activities at Scandinavian cemeteries. • Slow-paced and silent recreational uses are more acceptable than high-paced ones. • The purpose of the activities determines if they are perceived as acceptable or not. • Religious or cultural belongings partially explain variations in acceptable activities. • Earmarking activity zones can help avoid conflicts between the different users. Across Scandinavia, we witness an increased interest in making provisions for urban cemeteries to evolve as recreational landscapes. However, this development comes with its own set of challenges when uniting its primary function as a place for disposal of human remains with active and passive urban recreation. In this paper, we explore varying perspectives on recreational use of cemeteries to give a nuanced picture of the possibilities and limitations for recreation at cemeteries in a multicultural society, most often positioned within a context of densifying urban areas. The empirical data consists of interviews with cemetery users (N = 24) from various faiths and belief systems in three towns in Norway and Sweden. Findings reveal that passive recreational activities like strolling, having a cup of coffee on a bench in the cemetery etc. are in general perceived as acceptable behaviour. However, opinions differ on 'active' undertakings like running, biking and walking a dog. How people perceive or use cemeteries is partly dependent on beliefs and cultural traditions, but other factors such as the purpose of using the cemetery for recreation and the type or character of the cemetery also impact the extent to which activities are perceived as appropriate or not. Respect and intensity are two key aspects that emerged in our analysis. The study concludes that the existing peaceful atmosphere at cemeteries should be preserved and nurtured. With correct design and zoning, some recreational activities can be integrated at cemeteries, benefiting both mourners and recreational visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an overarching theoretical perspective on the paradox of inequalities and the paradigm shift in mobilities by reflecting on the challenges and opportunities in urban areas faced by the COVID-19 measures. The question of blurring boundaries between the human and the technological aspects and the ways in which they alter the form of communication and action is tackled reflecting on the digital divide and socio-spatial inequalities. In order to connect theory and practice, implications from different cases are provided for shedding light on the expected impacts and scenarios for the changing patterns of mobility and accessibility. The results indicate hybridization of the on-site and online forms of mobilities, as well as new approaches to make culture and leisure more inclusive and accessible. Promoting local integration, emerging forms of local tourism such as staycations, using digital tools to foster co-creation, co-curation, and audience engagement, developing new models of business and consumption reflect the changing patterns of mobility and accessibility. There are avenues for further research that revolve around the questions of inequalities, over-consumption, sociality and sustainability. • COVID-19 accelerated the plans for eco-friendly and sustainable transportation. • More leisure activities have been provided for the local urban communities. • Cultural tourism (im)mobility is mainly promoted by virtual tours. • Digitalization had a major impact on accessing content and learning opportunities. • The lack of equipment and/or knowledge prevent access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) came to dominate daily activities (e.g., e-working, e-shopping, and e-leisure). The intensive use of ICT might trigger higher levels of spatial fragmentation of daily activities, having significant consequences for planning purposes. This paper seeks to estimate how ICT use and habits affect the individuals' spatial fragmentation patterns in urban contexts on post-COVID-19 societies, while controlling for socioeconomic and built environment characteristics. The city of Alcalá de Henares (Madrid Metropolitan Area, Spain) serves as the case study. The research design is based on activity diaries obtained by face-to-face interviews, and Tobit and Poisson regression analyses are used to examine the relationships between spatial fragmentation measures (outcome variable) and ICT use (predictors). The results reveal that ICT might originate higher spatial fragmentation for work-related activities than for shopping-leisure purposes. For working activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are found among people with higher willingness to e-work and individuals who e-work at least once a month, but rather dependent on the occupation type. Regarding shopping and leisure activities, higher spatial fragmentation patterns are noted with car owners and more frequent consumers of online entertainment. The study provides insight into how ICT use is transforming spaces traditionally adapted for a single purpose into multifunctional spaces as well as the spatial effect of this phenomenon. • Information and Communications Technology (ICT) use become a central part in the post-COVID-19 society. • Working-related activities are more spatially fragmented than shopping-leisure activities. • Working-related activities are more spatially fragmented for individuals e-working monthly. • People consuming online entertainment are more likely to strongly fragment their shopping and leisure activities. • Residential land uses become an important activity hub. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady trend of aging has caused great concern on how cities should better accommodate the social needs of aged population. Older people in general have more leisure time than younger adults but are found highly constrained in daily travel. To examine the imbalance between travel demand and transport supply among older adults, this paper decomposes their daily travel into two categories (visits to non-ubiquitous and ubiquitous facilities) according to major characteristics of travel behaviors using Nanjing Household Travel Survey data. Multinominal logit (MNL) models are applied to exploit the effects of household and personal characteristics, trip characteristics, local supplies, and public transport services on travel mode choices. Results show that (i) travel demand and transport supply are highly unbalanced for most non-ubiquitous facilities, (ii) relative to younger adults, older adults travel further and highly rely on public transport to access non-ubiquitous facilities, (iii) providing more public transit services nearby non-ubiquitous facilities are more reliable to increase the accessibility of older adults than increasing the number of facilities. These results would help policy-makers better understand travel behaviors of older adults and develop strategies to accommodate their travel demand, especially from the perspective of facility network reorganization. • Older adults are strongly constrained in travels to non-ubiquitous facilities. • Older adults highly rely on public transports due to physical issues and limited car usage. • Spatial mismatch of demand and opportunities among non-ubiquitous facilities is significant. • Improving transit services nearby non-ubiquitous facilities can help address the mismatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence and growing popularity of e-scooters has created the need for researchers, policy-makers and urban planners to better understand user behaviors and travel patterns. In this paper, we examine the spatiotemporal patterns of e-scooter trips in 4 European cities: Paris, Malaga, Bordeaux, and Hamburg. We use a GPS dataset which includes position coordinates crossed with the country of registration of the user's bank card. Results suggest that riding frequencies and vehicle rotation are low and seem to be correlated. Average trip distance shows low variability and is of approximately 4.5 miles, while average trip duration is of 12 min. Tourists are major free-floating e-scooter users, ride during daytime, over longer distances, but at lower speeds. In all cities, the peak hour is observed in the afternoon (between 3 and 5 pm). Downtown, waterfront areas and availability of soft mobility infrastructure attract users. Usage is following relatively predictable patterns, especially when used for commuting. • Average trip distance is of approx. 4.5 miles and average trip duration is of 12 min. • Tourists ride during daytime, over longer distances, but at lower speeds. • Locals often use FFES for night and weekend leisure activities. • In all 4 EU cities the peak hour is in the afternoon (between 3 and 5 pm). • Downtown, waterfront and availability of soft mobility infrastructure attract users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores people's willingness to reduce travel consumption in support of the transition to a low-carbon pathway beyond COVID-19, using new survey data from UK car drivers and air travellers. Evidence from our study indicates that reductions of 24% - 30% to car use and 20% - 26% to air travel could be sustained in the long term. This potentially could lead to annual reductions of 343–529 kgCO 2 per car driver (20% - 29% of pre-COVID-19 car emissions) and 215–359 kgCO 2 per air traveller (10% - 20% of pre-COVID-19 emissions from flying), suggesting that behavioural change may be a major route to emissions reductions. We find that stated voluntary reductions are greater among those who report having 'more time to do creative things' since the start of the COVID-19 lockdowns. Hence, recovery policies promoting low-carbon leisure time may be a key to consumption reductions. We also find that higher-income travellers consume and pollute substantially more than the rest, and yet there is little difference in relative voluntary reductions across the income distribution. We conclude that behaviour associated with affluence represents a major barrier to a low-carbon transition, and that policies must address over-consumption associated with affluence as a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Greenway infrastructure in Zengcheng is being rapidly constructed and successfully promoted by the media. • The average staying time of outdoor users in greenway is shorter than that of ordinary roads. • Outdoor users are more interested in scenery outside the greenway than in and along it. • The greenway in Zengheng was less attractive for the public to spend leisure time and take landscape photos there. • The user preferences and usage habits reflect the gap between actual user needs and the spatial planning of greenways guided by the top-down branding policy. • Policy-makers could thus use the tools of city brandin to make improved spatial images and appeal to more outdoor users. Examining the functional conditions of completed infrastructure will contribute new knowledge of practical performance to the original place branding. This paper evaluates greenway branding as a type of green resource branding with particular attention to media promotion, users' outdoor activity trajectories, and the image content of geo-tagged photos. We found that greenway infrastructure in Zengcheng, Guangzhou increasingly generated concerns from more visitors and residents by the media. However, according to geographical activity information, only 35% of outdoor activities in Zengcheng take place within the greenway. Meanwhile, the average staying time of outdoor users at the greenway is shorter than that on ordinary roads. Our analysis of the number of geo-tagged photos indicates that outdoor users are more interested in the scenery outside the greenway than that in and along it. Comparing outdoor users' staying time and the content of photos, our research shows that the public finds Zengcheng's greenway less attractive for spending leisure time and taking landscape photos. Additionally, our image content analysis indicates that the greenway images taken by outdoor users include mainly trees, sky, and roads, while those of mountains and water are less common due to the limited variety of scenery. The implication of our research is that greenway usage can be improved by involving outdoor users in greenway planning, enhancing the variety of scenery along greenways, and establishing connections to rural resorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study is the first to unveil a leisure-education trade-off as a result of temperature change. • We find robust evidence that curriculum and the local climate play a vital role in determining how students utilize their time when the temperature moves toward both tails of the distribution. • Students are more reactive to the temperature to which they are not acclimatized (e.g., Hot day in a cold area). This paper studies the causal effect of temperature on students' time use for both college and high school students. Students substitute study time with leisure on days with extremely low and high temperatures. Extreme temperatures also have a noticeable heterogeneous effect on time allocation for both groups of students. College students respond to the unpleasant weather by substituting study time with weather-appropriate leisure. In comparison, high school students reduce both class and self-study time, which is more frequent during cold days. Lastly, students in cold and hot climates are observed to react more to the temperature to which they are not acclimatized. Our findings offer a different perspective by uncovering the black box behind the relationship between weather and test scores seen in recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based recreation presents a key ecosystem service that people derive from landscapes. While numerous studies exist on the valuation of nature-based recreation for specific sites or regions, scientific knowledge gaps remain regarding the economic significance of nature-based recreation at national levels. This study aims to quantify the volume and economic significance of nature-based recreation in Germany, with a focus on leisure activities and weekend recreation. Our objective are to assess (i) motivations, time allocation and travel costs, (ii) frequencies and participation numbers, and (iii) economic significances. The research design includes a representative survey and descriptive statistics. Our results show that 81% of respondents participated in nature-based recreation within year before the survey, while the rest stated no participation. The average frequency was 63 leisure activities, 29 day-trips and seven short overnight trips. 'Experiencing nature' was the most frequently mentioned trip motivation. The extrapolated total participation volume in nature-based recreation amounts to 3.3 billiontrips and 16.6 billion hours. The economic significance is€ 151.3 billion, including travel costs, on-site expenses, and opportunity costs. Our study presents novel insights on the significance of NBR in Germany, and can support planning and policy making to safeguard and enhance landscape quality for recreational purposes. • Paper assesses volume, value and characteristics of nature-based recreation (NBR). • Volume of NBR trips per year in Germany found to be 3.3 bn. • Time spent on NBR trips is 16.6 bn hours or 3.4% of citizens' annual time budget. • Estimated NBR value in Germany is € 151.3 bn, incl. € 44.2 bn of tangible expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]