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Based on the urgency of comprehensive utilization of large amount of coal gangue and the demand for the treatment of organic pollution in coal chemical sites and water bodies, novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalytic material (GCM) which can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were prepared by using coal gangue as raw material and adding activator under inert atmosphere. Under the optimized conditions, the degradation rate of GCM-ZnCl 2 material can reach 82.6% in 25min. Among different environmental impact factors, anions have little effect on the degradation rate of phenol, while the initial pH value has a greater impact. When the pH value is 9.0, it belongs to the synergistic effect of alkali activation, and the degradation effect of phenol is relatively better. The GCM-ZnCl 2 material can realize the efficient adsorption of phenol through its large specific surface area and pore volume, and provide more catalytic active sites. The oxygen-containing groups C O (carboxyl, ester, ketone, etc.) on its surface can react with PMS to produce free radical SO 4 •− or induce the production of non-free radical 1O 2 , so as to realize the efficient degradation of phenol. [Display omitted] • Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalytic materials (GCM) were prepared. • The GCM-ZnCl 2 catalytic material has a large specific area of 141.4 m2/g. • The removal rate of phenol reached 82.6% within 25 min. • Both free radical (.•OH and SO 4 •−) and non-free radical (1O 2) involved in the reaction. • The possible degradation pathways were well analyzed and illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]