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The cube architecture associated with the CeO 2 nanoflowers (NFs) that generated, which had an average crystallization width of 7 nm, has been confirmed by X-ray crystallographic investigations. The method used is environmentally acceptable since it converts wasted banana peel extracts into CeO 2 nanoflower. On the basis of artwork obtained from a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), CeO 2 nanoparticles have been observed to possess a spherical shape and an average particle diameter of 21 nm. To take the purpose of this study, green-fabricated CeO 2 -NFs were used to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) dye when exposed to sunshine. CeO 2 nanofibers showed a degradation performance of 98% when compared to methyl orange dye. Evidently is a possibility that this may be caused by the presence of CeO 2 nanoflowers, whereby enhance the interaction of electrons, which are holes dissolution, and adherence. Upon a single day of being exposed, the biocidal potential was tested against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, B. cereus, and S. aureus , among others. Due to the fact that its 32 mm minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for B. cereus was the highest among conventional medicines. As shown by the extraordinary capabilities of WBP@CeO2 tiny particles, manipulating of flexible tiny particles to feed the purpose of achieving effective and customizable infections and dermatologist advancements is really stunning. • Cube architecture associated with the CeO2 nanoflowers by green way. • Green-fabricated CeO2-NFs were used to investigate the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange (MO) dye. • CeO2-NFs used conventional medicines. • WBP@CeO2 tiny particles to feed the purpose of achieving effective and customizable infections and dermatologist advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affordable and swiftly available h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 photocatalysts are being developed through an easy hydrothermally approach was used urea as boric acid precursors. With their constructed photo catalysts, the effect of h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 has been investigated under the assessment of Adsorption agents utilizing X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (SEM/EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Burner Emit Teller (BET) isotherm testing methods, which also indicated that SnO 2 /TiO 2 and h-BN have been tightly bound together. Because turquoise blue (TB) and Methyl orange (MO) fabric dyes can be found in the industrial wastewater being processed, the photo catalytic degradation process happens to be applied. According to the advantageous linkages of h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 photocatalysts, fantastic efficacy in breakdown towards hazardous compounds has been found. For the decomposition of Turquoise blue (TB) and Methyl orange (MO), the h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 catalysts proved the best performance stability (0.0386 min−1 and 1.524min−1) but were significantly 22 times quicker. Optical catalysis has additionally demonstrated extraordinary resilience and durability throughout five reprocessed efforts. On top of that, an approach enabling photocatalytic breakdown of harmful substances upon h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 has been presented. • Swiftly available h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 photocatalysts are being developed through an easy hydrothermally approach. • Photocatalytic Adsorption agents of h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 has been investigated utilizing XRD, SEM/EDS, TEM, HR-TEM, and BET isotherm testing methods. • h-BN@SnO 2 /TiO 2 photocatalysts on photocatalytic Debasement of textile cloth dyes were achieved very short time 60 and 80min respectively. • The rate of overlap among protons engaging photon and defects By EIS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focused on the production of the tyrosinase enzyme from Streptomyces sp. MR28 and its potency in removal of phenol content from water using free and immobilized tyrosinase enzyme. The tyrosinase was produced by Streptomyces sp. MR28 in liquid tyrosine broth medium, and it was further purified to near its homogeneity by employing, precipitation, dialysis, and column chromatography. After the purification, 44.49% yield with a 4 fold purification was achieved. The characterization of the purified enzyme showed a single major peak on HPLC and a solitary band on SDS-PAGE. The purified tyrosinase enzyme was active at a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 30 °C. Further immobilization of purified tyrosinase was performed using the sodium alginate entrapment method. The capacity of the purified tyrosinase to remove phenol in water was evaluated by spectrophotometric method. The free tyrosinase enzyme-treated solutions showed a gradual decrease in the concentration of phenol with increased incubation time at 30 °C and 40 °C, at 90 min of the incubation time, it showed maximum efficacy in removing phenol from the solution. At 50 °C and 60 °C, the free tyrosinase enzyme exhibited very less capacity to remove the phenol. The immobilized enzyme showed good capacity for the removal of phenol from the solutions; the concentration of phenol in the solution decreased with an increase in the incubation time. At temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C, the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme beads showed significant removal of phenol from the solution, and at temperatures of 30 °C and 60 °C, they also exhibited good capacity for the removal of phenol. At the end of the 90 min incubation period, it exhibited good capability. The current study suggests using immobilized microbial tyrosinase enzyme can be used for the removal of phenol from the contaminated water in a greener manner. • Tyrosinase was produced from Streptomyces sp. MR28 in modified tyrosine broth with optimum conditions. • The purification was conducted through precipitation, dialysis and column chromatography. • The purified tyrosine enzyme characterized by SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis. • Purified tyrosinase was immobilized using sodium alginate method. • The immobilized tyrosinase exhibited significant phenol removal efficacy from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient switchable materials for external stimuli have impressive applications in the development of precious sensor devices. However, most of the materials do not possess effective switchable structural features such that finding potential switchable materials is one of the critical research tasks for materials science researchers. In the present research perspective, we demonstrate successive switchable phase transitions occurring between the order to disorder states in the ferroelectric triglycine sulphate (TGS) single crystal along the (011) plane with respect to the number of shock pulses (0,1 and 2 counts) and the observed results are evaluated by the diffraction, spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal approaches. The observed switchable phase transitions occur due to the shock wave-induced inter-conversion of planar configuration to the non-planar configuration of Glycine molecules, particularly GII and GIII. The ratio of the normalized Raman bands Sym-CH 2 /Asym-CH 2 is found to be 2.0 and 2.5 for the respective order to disorder states such that these values are identified to be well-matched with the literature reports. In addition to that, the SEM images authenticate that, during the amorphous to crystalline phase transitions, the appearance of well-defined (011) plane on the surface is ensured due to the dynamic recrystallization. To the best of our knowledge, to date, it is probably the first report for the phase switching of order to disorder states of TGS sample by the impact of acoustical shock waves and because of its efficient switchability, it can be strongly suggested for the application of molecular switches. High efficient switchable materials with respect to external stimuli have impressive applications in the development of precious sensor devices. However, most of the materials do not possess effective switchable structural features such that finding potential switchable materials is one of the critical research tasks for materials science researchers. In the present research perspective, we demonstrate successive switchable phase transitions occurring between the order to disorder states in the ferroelectric triglycine sulphate (TGS) single crystal along the (011) plane with respect to the number of shock pulses (0,1 and 2 counts) and the observed results are evaluated by the diffraction, spectroscopic, microscopic and thermal approaches. The observed switchable phase transitions occur due to the shock wave-induced inter-conversion of planer configuration to the non-planer configuration of Glycine molecules, particularly GII and GIII. The ratio of the normalized Raman bands Sym-CH 2 /Asym-CH 2 is found to be 2.0 and 2.5 for the respective order to disorder states such that these values are identified to be well-matched with the literature reports. In addition to that, the SEM images authenticate that, during the amorphous to crystalline phase transitions, the appearance of well-defined (011) planes on the surface are ensured due to the dynamic-Recrystallization. To the best of our knowledge, to date, it is probably the first report for the phase switching of order to disorder states of TGS sample by the impact of acoustical shock waves and because of its efficient switchability, it can be strongly suggested for the application of molecular switches. [Display omitted] • Crystallographically switchable order–disorder phase transition of the TGS crystal by shock waves is reported. • The said phase transition is evaluated by diffraction, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. • The title crystal is suggested to thermo sensitive devices and molecular switching applications. • The present manuscript can provide new insights on the material properties at extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a simple phyto-remediation of feather-like silver/copper bi-matrix (BMs) was constructed by employing pommagrant waste peel (PWP) extract as crucial role of reducing agent and chelating agents. Numerous strategies, including UV–Visible, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM and BET isotherm were used to analysis the optical, structural, surface area and functional properties. Ag/Cu BPNMs of TEM characterization shows feather-like architectural features with constrained size and shape. The Ag/Cu co-catalytic nanoparticles have a particle size of 34–64 nm. The photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/Cu BMs was investigated using a garment dye, Congo red (CR), at successive time intervals under halogen lamp exposure. For Ag/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles, the photocatalytic degradation rate was recorded to be 100% after 40 min which is caused by adsorption of Congo red dye molecules on Ag/Cu and their degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are free hydroxyl radicals such as •OH and O 2 • ions that have high oxidizing capacity. The developed Ag/Cu BMs shown effective bacteriostatic action against many infections. [Display omitted] • Feather-like silver/copper bi-matrix (BMs) was constructed by employing pommagrant waste peel extract. • Numerous strategies, including UV–Visible, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TEM and BET isotherm were used. • Photocatalytic efficiency of Ag/Cu BMs was performed by under halogen lamp exposure. • Ag/Cu NPs on Congo red degradation by ROS are free hydroxyl radicals such as.•OH and O 2 • ions that have high oxidizing capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologically inspired to develop silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles from discarded orange peel extract. The plant-derived compounds included in discarded orange peel extract have been accountable for the development of Ag, Au and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles, that might be used in the biosynthetic process. The qualitative assessment of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles has been performed by UV–visible, XRD pattern, FT IR analysis, TEM/HRTEM, EDX and BET isotherm analysis. In this investigation, the photocatalytic effect of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles on Congo red dye breakdown efficiency was achieved at 96%, 94%, and 99.2%, respectively. Due to prolonged electron-hole recombination process was investigated using UV irradiation and reused for up to 5 consecutive runs without significant loss of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles manufactured in an environmentally benign manner could potentially contribute to the ecological cleanup. • To develop silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles from discarded orange peel extract. • The qualitative assessment of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles has been performed through UV–visible, FTIR, XRD, TEM/HRTEM and BET isotherm studies. • The effect of developed silver, gold and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles on Congo red dye breakdown efficiency was achieved at 96%, 94%, and 99.2%, for very short 60 min. • Thus Ag–Au core-shell catalyst could be potentially contributed to the ecological cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increased number of multidrug-resistant strains among pathogens is a severe public health concern and cancer is posing a great threat for humans. These problems should be tackled with the development of novel and broad-spectrum antimicrobials from microbial origin. During the present study, the bioactive secondary metabolites from Aspergillus niger CJ6 were extracted, characterized; their biological properties were evaluated by subjecting them for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities. The potent isolate Aspergillus niger CJ6 with nucleotide sequence of 959 base pairs showed antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens in dual culture. The chemical profiling of crude ethyl acetate extract indicated the presence of various bioactive molecules belonging to phenolic, hydrocarbons, and phthalate derivative classes. In antimicrobial activity, the crude extract displayed increasing activity with increased concentration; the highest activity observed against Shigella flexneri with 15 ± 1.0, 19 ± 0.5, 20 ± 1.0 and 24 ± 1.0 mm zones of inhibition at 25, 50, 75 and 100 μl concentrations. The MTT assay illustrated deformed cells of MIA PaCa-2 cell line in in-vitro cytotoxic activity; outflow of cell matrix and membrane rupture; the IC 50 of 90.78 μg/ml suggested moderate potential of extract to prevent cancer cell growth. The apoptosis/necrosis study by flow cytometer exhibited 8.98 ± 0.85% early and 73 ± 0.7% of late apoptotic population with 3.8 ± 1.1% necrotic cells; only 14.22 ± 0.6% of healthy cells suggested the increased apoptosis inducing capacity of Aspergillus niger CJ6 crude extract. The outcomes of this study persuade further exploration on the identification, purification and development of novel bioactive agents that could help battle fatal diseases in humans. • Aspergillus niger CJ6 was identified by 18 S gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis. • The extract from CJ6 was characterized and secondary metabolites were recorded. • CJ6 extract exhibited increased antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. • MTT assay determined IC 50 of extract at 90.78 μg/ml against MIA PaCa-2 cell line. • The apoptosis assay displayed 82% apoptotic and 3.8% necrotic cell populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining popularity due to their distinctive biological applications. In this research work, an eco-friendly method of synthesizing AgNPs from the leaf polysaccharide (PS) of Acalypha indica L. (A. indica) was carried out. Synthesis of polysaccharide-AgNPs (PS-AgNPs) was indicated by visual detection of colour change from pale yellow to light brown. The PS-AgNPs were characterized with different techniques and further evaluated for biological activities. The Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis.) spectroscopy expressed a sharp absorption peak at 415 nm confirmed the synthesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the size range of particles from 14 nm to 85 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis detected the presence of various functional groups. The cubic crystalline structure of PS-AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the particles were found to be oval to polymorphic shaped through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with sizes from 7.25 nm to 92.51 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) determined the presence of silver in PS-AgNPs. The zeta potential was −28.0 mV, which confirmed the stability and an average particle size of 62.2 nm was calculated through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Lastly, the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the PS-AgNPs were resistant to high temperature. The PS-AgNPs exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 value of 112.91 μg/ml. They were highly capable of inhibiting the growth of different bacterial and plant fungal pathogens and also active to reduce the cell viability of prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. The IC 50 value was 101.43 μg/ml. The flow cytometric apoptosis analysis revealed the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells of PC-3 cell line. According to this evaluation, it can be concluded that these biosynthesized and environmentally friendly PS-AgNPs are helpful to improve therapeutics because of significant antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties to open up new possibilities for euthenics. • The AgNPs were biosynthesized from leaf polysaccharide of A. indica or Indian mercury. • PS-AgNPs was characterized and average size was 62.2 nm calculated through DLS analysis. • PS-AgNPs showed significant free radical scavenging activity with an IC 50 value 112.91 μg/ml. • The PS-AgNPs expressed potential antibacterial and antifungal phyto-pathogenic activity. • PS-AgNPs reduced cell viability of prostate cancer cells with IC 50 value 101.43 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RGO-supported HoVO 4 -ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using the ultra sonication process. X-ray diffraction patterns, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Diffractive Reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed to examine the heterostructured photocatalyst in this research study. The photocatalytic efficiency of the RGO-supported HoVO 4 -ZnO nanoparticles, under UV light irradiation, in the degradation of Rhodamine-B dye was investigated. Undoped ZnO, bare HoVO4, and HoVO 4 -ZnO, degraded at 55.6, 57.5, and 74.33 percent in 45 min, respectively. This new RGO coupled HoVO 4 -ZnO exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency compared to the bare ZnO and HoVO 4 -ZnO nanocomposite. [Display omitted] • RGO coupled HoVO 4 -ZnO exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. • SEM images display existence of cavities in the lattice structure. • Incorporation of RGO into the crystal structure minimizes aggregation and crystal size. • HR TEM indicates concentric ring with occasional brilliant spots. • Narrower photoluminescence spectrum for new Nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present the shock wave induced reversible phase transition from crystalline to semi-crystalline states of lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li 2 SO 4 •H 2 O) that has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopic techniques and the observed reversible phase transition sequence is P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 -disordered P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 – P 2 1 for the number of shock pulses of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The obtained reversible phase transitions are due to the chemical disorder, orientational effect and rotational disorder of SO 4 units induced in the title crystal. Materials of reversible phase transitions influenced by external stimuli are highly deserved for the applications of molecular switches and dielectric switches. [Display omitted] • Reversible phase transition from Crystalline to Semi-Crystalline state of LAM crystal by shock waves is reported. • The said phase transition is evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques. • The title crystal is suggested molecular switching applications due to the switchable phase transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]