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Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The document Plant Protection Products 2023 gives an overview of plant protection products permitted for use in the Republic of Croatia in 2023. All plant protection products that are put in distribution in the Republic of Croatia must be registered with the competent authority of the Ministry of Agriculture. Information on registered plant protection products can be found on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture (the FIS Web Portal). Plant protection products are, according to their application, divided into three major groups: herbicides, fungicides and zoocides. Each group offers an overview of products according to active substances. Each plant protection product, along with a list of pests and crops for which a permit for application was obtained, includes the following information: trade name, formulation, amount of active ingredients, manufacturer and distributor, and suppression concentration or dosage. Also listed are due preharvest intervals of crops for which the application is allowed. The number of applications is given for each crop individually, eg. potato (3), which indicates three applications to the potatoes in the one growing season. Due to the numerous amendments to relevant decisions and registration procedures, plant protection products may only be used according to the instructions for use indicated on the packaging. Any application of plant protection products in any manner other than specified in the instructions for use and on the label shall be considered performed exclusively at one’s own risk.

The document Plant Protection Products 2022 gives an overview of plant protection products permitted for use in the Republic of Croatia in 2022. All plant protection products that are put in distribution in the Republic of Croatia must be registered with the competent authority of the Ministry of Agriculture. Information on registered plant protection products can be found on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture (the FIS Web Portal). Plant protection products are, according to their application, divided into three major groups: herbicides, fungicides and zoocides. Each group offers an overview of products according to active substances. Each plant protection product, along with a list of pests and crops for which a permit for application was obtained, includes the following information: trade name, formulation, amount of active ingredients, manufacturer and distributor, and suppression concentration or dosage. Also listed are due pre-harvest intervals of crops for which the application is allowed. The number of applications is given for each crop individually, eg. potato (3), which indicates three applications to the potatoes in the one growing season. Due to the numerous amendments to relevant decisions and registration procedures, plant protection products may only be used according to the instructions for use indicated on the packaging. Any application of plant protection products in any manner other than specified in the instructions for use and on the label shall be considered performed exclusively at one’s own risk.

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of zoocide (insecticide and miticide) residues in hops collected in three hop-growing regions located in the Czech Republic, and to assess their zoocide profiles and residue levels in terms of variability in temperature and precipitation across the 2018–2020 seasons. Furthermore, the weather factors that influenced the occurrence of hop pests are described and discussed. During our 3-year survey, a total of 120 samples of whole-cone hops samples harvested in three hop-growing regions were analysed for the presence of 29 insecticides and miticides using the modified QuEChERS extraction method, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A majority, 119 of 120 samples, contained a residue of at least one of the active substances surveyed in this study, and 34 analysed samples contained multiple residues with three to four zoocides presented. Concerning the most frequently detected zoocide residues, spirotetramat and/or its metabolites were found in 94.2% of the samples at levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.08 mg/kg. Of the other zoocides surveyed, residues of fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, bifenazate and lambda-cyhalothrin were routinely found in hop cone samples. Obtained data were then used for evaluating seasonal and geographical variations in the profile of zoocide residues among the hop-growing regions in the years 2018–2020, and the compliance with legal regulations concerning the use of zoocides on hops was ascertained. The results showed that (1) the profile and levels of zoocide residues found in the samples reflected seasonal prevalence of pest infestation on hop plants; (2) the strategy to control pests (especially aphids) used in most of hop yards was consistent across the seasons; and (3) a concentration of spirotetramat residues less than 1 mg/kg was typical for hops grown in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although organic fertilizers as a whole do not express any pesticide action in some cases, some of them can prove a completely satisfactory level of pest protection, acting as fungicides or zoocides. Some of them even can express induced system resistance effectiveness. In the present study, the effectiveness of four novels, organic fertilizers created by Bulgarian company Agriflor on the base of fulvic acid and algal extracts was established in the in vitro conditions towards conidiospores of Monilia fructigena and Monilia laxa – major plant pathogens on orchard plants causing a lot of damages every year. The conducted trials reveal from the one side that all of tested products can express a strong antifungal action towards the germination of the conidiospores and ultra violet light can have a strong stimulation effect on the antifungal action of tested fertilizers from the other side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uncontrolled use of pesticides in agriculture leads to negative consequences for the environment, as well as for human and animal health. Therefore, timely detection of pesticides will allow application of measures to eliminate the excess of maximum residue limits and reduce possible negative consequences in advance. Common methods of pesticide analysis suffer from high costs, and are time consuming, and labor intensive. Currently, more attention is being paid to the development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors as a non-destructive and highly sensitive tool for detecting various chemicals in agricultural applications. This review focuses on the current developments of biocompatible SERS substrates based on natural materials with unique micro/nanostructures, flexible SERS substrates based on biopolymers, as well as functionalized SERS substrates, which are close to the current needs and requirements of agricultural product quality control and environmental safety assessment. The impact of herbicides on the process of photosynthesis is considered and the prospects for the application of Raman spectroscopy and SERS for the detection of herbicides are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document Plant Protection Products 2020 gives an overview of plant protection products permitted for use in the Republic of Croatia in 2020. All plant protection products that are put in distribution in the Republic of Croatia must be registered with the competent authority of the Ministry of Agriculture. Information on registered plant protection products can be found on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture (the FIS Web Portal). Plant protection products are, according to their application, divided into three major groups: herbicides, fungicides and zoocides. Each group offers an overview of products according to active substances. Each plant protection product, along with a list of pests and crops for which a permit for application was obtained, includes the following information: trade name, formulation, amount of active ingredients, manufacturer and distributor, and suppression concentration or dosage. Also listed are due pre-harvest intervals of crops for which the application is allowed. Due to the numerous amendments to relevant decisions and registration procedures, plant protection products may only be used according to the instructions for use indicated on the packaging. Any application of plant protection products in any manner other than specified in the instructions for use and on the label shall be considered performed exclusively at one's own risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences is the property of University of Guilan & Association of Universities of the Caspian Region States and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the development of nanomaterials with biocidal properties has received considerable attention due to their potential applications in various industries, including food, medicine, and cultural heritage preservation. The growing demand for coatings with antibacterial properties has sparked interest from industrial sectors in exploring the incorporation of biocides into these materials. Coatings are prone to microbial growth, which can cause damage such as cracking, discoloration, and staining. To combat these problems, the integration of biocides into coatings is a crucial strategy. Biocide-embedded nanomaterials offer numerous advantages, including high efficiency in small quantities, ease of application, good chemical stability, low toxicity, and non-bioaccumulation. Encapsulated nanobiocides are particularly attractive to the agro-industry, because they can be less toxic than traditional biocides while still effectively controlling microbial contamination. To fully exploit the benefits of nanobiocides, future research should focus on optimizing their synthesis, formulation, and delivery methods. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current status of biocide nanomaterials, discuss potential future research directions, and highlight research methods, the development of new forms of nanomaterials, and studies of their physico-chemical properties. Biocide nanocapsules of DCOIT (4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one) are chosen as an example to illustrate the research pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of a wide variety of animal and plant feeds in fur farming, a significant number of suppliers, and the complexity of transportation and storage of feed raw materials increase the risks of feed toxicoinfections and toxicoses. The proposed review article describes in detail the main toxic substances and their sources in fur-bearing animal feed, including biological and chemical toxins, namely, bacterial and fungal metabolites, protein breakdown products and fat oxidation, fish biotoxins, heavy metals, persistent organochlorine compounds, pestcides, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As mandated by the EU and the national risk management duties, pesticide residues were determined by four specialized laboratories in 9924 samples taken from 119 crops of economic importance in Hungary and imported foodstuffs during 2017–2021. The screening method applied covered 622 pesticide residues as defined for enforcement purposes. The limit of detection ranged between 0.002 and 0.008 mg/kg. The 1.0% violation rate concerning all commodities was lower than in the European Union. No residue was detectable in 45.9% of the samples. For detailed analyses, six commodities (apple, cherry, grape, nectarine/peach, sweet peppers, and strawberry) were selected as they were analyzed in over 195 samples and most frequently contained residues. Besides testing their conformity with national MRLs, applying 0.3 MRL action limits for pre-export control, we found that 73% of the sampled lots would be compliant with ≥90% probability based on a second independent sampling. Multiple residues (2–23) in one sample were detected in 36–50% of the tested lots. Considering the provisions of integrated pest management, and the major pests and diseases of selected crops, normally three to four and exceptionally, seven to nine active ingredients with different modes of action should suffice for their effective and economic protection within four weeks before harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Glasnik Zastite Bilja is the property of Zadruzna Stampa D.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Concerns about food safety issues have put considerable pressure on pesticide producers in Europe and worldwide to reduce the levels of pesticide residues in food. The aim of this work is to assess the use of traditional pesticides and their effects, to present perspectives in this field and to identify regulatory needs for their use and implementation. The work is based on a systematic review in which the research problem was defined, primary sources were selected and critically appraised, data were collected, analysed and evaluated, and conclusions were formulated. The state of the pesticide market and the current legal requirements for risk assessment in relation to exposure to chemical substances were reviewed. Food safety issues are presented through the prism of pesticide residues in food. Their widespread use and considerable persistence have made them ubiquitous in the natural environment and their residues pose a threat to the environment and to human and animal health. It has been shown that the most important factor influencing the search for new tools to control diseases and pests of crops is the progressive development of resistance of these populations to currently used pesticides. Various alternatives to the phasing out of synthetic pesticides in the form of natural products are therefore being developed to support the development of the natural products market. Natural phytotoxins can be used as herbicides, but it is more effective to use bioherbicides as templates for synthetic herbicides. They can also be used to discover new modes of action and molecular targets for future herbicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between pesticide exposure and the occurrence of many chronic diseases, including cancer, is confirmed by literature data. Methods: In this review, through the analysis of more than 70 papers, we explore an increase in oxidative stress level caused by exposure to environmental pollutants and the protective effects of plant-origin antioxidants. Results and discussion: One of the molecular mechanisms, by which pesticides affect living organisms is the induction of oxidative stress. However, recently many plant-based dietary ingredients with antioxidant properties have been considered as a chemopreventive substances due to their ability to remove free radicals. Such a food component must meet several conditions: eliminate free radicals, be easily absorbed and function at an appropriate physiological level. Its main function is to maintain the redox balance and minimize the cellular damage caused by ROS. Therefore, it should be active in aqueous solutions and membrane domains. These properties are characteristic for phenolic compounds and selected plant hormones. Phenolic compounds have proven antioxidant properties, while increasing number of compounds from the group of plant hormones with a very diverse chemical structure turn out to act as antioxidants, being potential food ingredients that can eliminate negative effects of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study, conducted in the Galion Bay in Martinique, aims to highlight the temporal and seasonal variations of chlordecone contamination (an organochlorine pollutant) in the ambient environment (seawater) and also in the marine organisms in three main coastal marine habitats (mangroves, seagrass beds and coral reefs). To this end, two methodologies were used to measure and compare the chemical contamination of seawater during 13 months (spot samplings and POCIS technique). In parallel, concentrations of chlordecone and isotopic ratios (C and N) were carried out on marine organisms, collected during two contrasting climatic periods (dry and rainy), to evidence seasonal variations. The results showed that the contamination of seawater displayed significant variations over time and depended on environmental factors such as water flows, which imply dilution and dispersion phenomena. Concerning the marine organisms, the level of contamination varied considerably between the two seasons in seagrass beds with higher levels of contamination during the rainy season. Reef organisms were more moderately affected by this pollution, while mangrove organisms showed a high level of chlordecone whatever the season. Finally, isotope analyses highlighted that bioamplification along marine food webs occurs at each season and each station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of surface and groundwater by neonicotinoids is a global problem and requires comprehensive action by individual countries in order to identify in detail the processes affecting the transport of these pesticides, their properties, and their harmfulness to the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the transport (expressed by sorption parameters) of selected neonicotinoids in the aquatic environment, using batch tests. Tests were carried out for acetamiprid individually and a mixture of five neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam), for three different aquifer materials and quartz sand. Based on the obtained values of the sorption parameters, the greatest sorption of neonicotinoids was observed on soil with the highest content of organic matter and clay minerals content, while no sorption of these pesticides was observed on quartz sand. In addition, it was noticed that individual neonicotinoids undergo sorption to a different degree -- thiacloprid was the most sorbed (R-value in the range 3.13--26.03), while thiamethoxam was the least (R-value in the range 1.89--8.41). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among pests of bees and beehives, arthropods make up a large and important group. Mites like Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi, or Tropilaelaps spp., beetles (Aethina tumida, Oplostomus spp.), and lepidopterans (Galleria mellonella, Achroia grisella) decrease honey bee population and vitality, with subsequent significant colony production losses. Synthetic chemicals have been traditionally used to protect honey bee colonies from pests’ infestations but they have often been of poor selectivity, consequent high toxicity to bees and humans, and resistance development by the targeted apiary pests. The current European policy encourages the usage of eco-friendly methods to combat bee pests and the international research highlights plant secondary metabolites as candidate alternatives of significance. In this review, we argue the potential of plant-derived substances in the protection of the bee colonies against their arthropod pests. The before mentioned major apiary arthropods are briefly described followed by the recent reports on the botanical extracts and notable constituent compounds exhibiting activity against them. We discuss the different ways the essential oils are reported to be applied to the bee or the apiary, along with the importance of the application method to the exhibited efficacy. We designate synergism issues of blends, attractants, and repellency cases, as well as selectivity and mode of action as reported for bees or insect pests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main results of the many years' studies of the scientific school of Academician Mikhail G. Voronkov in the field of two subgroups of the atrane family (protatranes and hydrometallatranes) as well as the results of research in continuation of the studies initiated by Academician M. G. Voronkov have been summarized and presented. Long-term studies of atranes under the leadership of M. G. Voronkov have led to the discovery of their unique biological activity and the creation of a series of unique original drugs and means of agricultural chemicalization: biostimulants and adaptogens for agricultural plants, animals, useful insects and microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants were sampled from four different types of chlordecone-contaminated land in Guadeloupe (West Indies). The objective was to investigate the importance of biological and agri-environmental parameters in the ability of plants to bioaccumulate chlordecone. Among the plant traits studied, only the growth habit significantly affected chlordecone transfer, since prostrate plants concentrated more chlordecone than erect plants. In addition, intensification of land use has led to a significant increase in the amount of chlordecone absorbed by plants. The use of Bayesian networks uncovers some hypothesis and identifies paths for reflection and possible studies to identify and quantify relationships that explain our data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The side effects of pesticides have been constantly studied, and are the subject of books such as the one written by biologist and journalist Rachel Carson who talked about the negative effects of DDT (Dichlor-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane) on the environment in the book "Silent Spring" (Rachel Carson, 1962), a book that would destroy the fame of DDT. Due to undesirable side effects in 1970, DDT was banned in industrialized countries and since 2004 the "Stockholm Convention" has banned its use in agriculture. The human attitude towards pesticides has two aspects: the protection of consumers against pesticide residues in food and the training of those who produce or handle pesticides in the sense of proper use. Whether it is insecticides, fungicides, or herbicides, we must keep in mind that the dose is what makes the poison. The objective of this paper is to test glyphosate in two groups of test organisms, according to the recommendations of the OECDOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development, respectively on Folsomia candida-(OECD 232) and wheat- (OECD 208). The results obtained after laboratory testing have revealed the harmful effect of this herbicide on wheat at high concentrations (of 5mL/0.25mL water, respectively 7.5mL/0.25mL water), inhibiting the seed germination process as well as the plant growth processesand development and their content in assimilating pigments. Although the mortality rate for adults of F. candida was low, the number of juveniles decreased in direct proportion to the concentration of glyphosate used in the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study substantiates the importance of interdisciplinary bonds in the process of language training of students of forestry higher education institution. The paper aims at revealing the necessity of applying interdisciplinary bonds in the mastering both Ukrainian and English languages for specific purposes (USP and ESP) and development of professional communication skills of the future foresters. In course of the research the essence and distinguishing features of interdisciplinarity are defined. Interdisciplinary bonds are described as the main problem of the study. Theoretical background of this issue is revealed. In the course of our research the possibilities of application of interdisciplinary bonds are demonstrated. Dividing of interdisciplinary bonds into content-informative, operationalactive and organizational-methodological ones is revealed to be useful in order to form a systematic approach to their use when learning USP and ESP. Each type of interdisciplinary bonds is illustrated with the lexical tasks and exercises. Application of interdisciplinary bonds to form students' linguistic and communicative competence under the conditions of consistent study of USP and ESP and with the emphasis on professional subjects is considered to ensure a synergetic effect. The research findings prompt the conclusion that close cooperation of language teachers and subject specialists for further mutual enrichment at methodological level, formation of holistic systematic vision of training future foresters, and also continuity in mastering professional terms in Ukrainian and English will provide the level necessary to develop students' professional language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]