7 results on '"vuilnis"'
Search Results
2. Closing the nutrient loops in (peri-)urban farming systems through composting
- Author
-
Kuijper, Thomas, de Neergaard, A., Bruun, S., Nigussie, Abebe, Kuijper, Thomas, de Neergaard, A., Bruun, S., and Nigussie, Abebe
- Abstract
Organic amendments are used to improve soil fertility and maintain agricultural fields in a productive state. Despite these benefits, the use of organic amendments is limited in many developing countries. The overall objective of this thesis is therefore to provide a better understanding of current waste management practices in developing countries and ensure sustainable crop production via the biotransformation of urban waste into a high-quality soil amendment. First, I aimed at determining the causes for the limited use of organic amendments in small-scale urban farming systems. I interviewed 220 urban farmers in Ethiopia and found that competition for agricultural waste between fuel, feed and soil amendment is a major cause for the limited use of organic amendments. I demonstrated that allocation of agricultural waste for soil amendment is linked with farmers’ livelihood strategies. I also studied variation in compost demand among different farmer groups, and the socio-economic variables which explained these variations. Gaseous losses of ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions occur during composting of nitrogen-rich urban waste. Several technologies could reduce these losses. However, these technologies are inadequate to fit within the broader farming systems because they are expensive. The second aim of this thesis was to develop low-cost methods to mitigate N losses and GHG emissions from composting, while retaining its fertilising value. Composting by earthworms (vermicomposting) is proposed as a low-cost strategy for minimising N losses and GHG emissions. Using a wide range of substrate qualities (C:N ratio, labile C sources) and other factors (earthworm density, amount of input, and moisture), I showed that vermicomposting reduced N losses and GHG emissions compared with traditional thermophilic composting, but the magnitude of the earthworm effect varied between substrates. Earthworms also change the quantity and composition of dissolved organic carbon
- Published
- 2017
3. Closing the nutrient loops in (peri-)urban farming systems through composting
- Author
-
Abebe Nigussie, Wageningen University, Thomas Kuijper, A. de Neergaard, and S. Bruun
- Subjects
refuse ,Amendment ,vermicomposting ,engineering.material ,urban agriculture ,nitrogen ,Environmental protection ,nutrients ,sewage ,farming systems ,soil quality ,Urban agriculture ,Bodembiologie ,vuilnis ,bodemkwaliteit ,business.industry ,Compost ,vermicompostering ,Soil Biology ,PE&RC ,Soil quality ,stadslandbouw ,voedingsstoffen ,Waste treatment ,afvalverwerking ,bedrijfssystemen ,ethiopië ,Agriculture ,Greenhouse gas ,stikstof ,rioolwater ,engineering ,composting ,compostering ,Environmental science ,Soil fertility ,business ,ethiopia ,waste treatment - Abstract
Organic amendments are used to improve soil fertility and maintain agricultural fields in a productive state. Despite these benefits, the use of organic amendments is limited in many developing countries. The overall objective of this thesis is therefore to provide a better understanding of current waste management practices in developing countries and ensure sustainable crop production via the biotransformation of urban waste into a high-quality soil amendment. First, I aimed at determining the causes for the limited use of organic amendments in small-scale urban farming systems. I interviewed 220 urban farmers in Ethiopia and found that competition for agricultural waste between fuel, feed and soil amendment is a major cause for the limited use of organic amendments. I demonstrated that allocation of agricultural waste for soil amendment is linked with farmers’ livelihood strategies. I also studied variation in compost demand among different farmer groups, and the socio-economic variables which explained these variations. Gaseous losses of ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions occur during composting of nitrogen-rich urban waste. Several technologies could reduce these losses. However, these technologies are inadequate to fit within the broader farming systems because they are expensive. The second aim of this thesis was to develop low-cost methods to mitigate N losses and GHG emissions from composting, while retaining its fertilising value. Composting by earthworms (vermicomposting) is proposed as a low-cost strategy for minimising N losses and GHG emissions. Using a wide range of substrate qualities (C:N ratio, labile C sources) and other factors (earthworm density, amount of input, and moisture), I showed that vermicomposting reduced N losses and GHG emissions compared with traditional thermophilic composting, but the magnitude of the earthworm effect varied between substrates. Earthworms also change the quantity and composition of dissolved organic carbon during composting. Another low-cost strategy is to delay the addition of N-rich substrates during composting. I demonstrated that addition of nitrogen-rich substrate after the thermophilic phase reduced N losses. Delayed addition of N-rich substrates increased N2O emissions, but reduced CH4 emissions. Delayed addition resulted in compost that was as stable and effective at completely eradicating weed seeds as traditional composting. In conclusion, urban waste compost should be considered as alternative source for soil amendment, particularly in developing countries with competition for agricultural waste. Technologies such as vermicomposting and delayed addition of N-rich substrate are recommended to increase or maintain the nitrogen content of compost, reduce N losses and mitigate GHG emissions.
- Published
- 2017
4. Circular Solutions : Part IV From Waste to Resource
- Author
-
Annevelink, E., Bos, H.L., Meesters, K.P.H., van den Oever, M.J.A., de Haas, W., Kuikman, P.J., Rietra, R.P.J.J., and Sikirica, N.
- Subjects
Sustainable Soil Use ,WIMEK ,refuse ,Nature and society ,biobased economy ,recycling ,innovations ,afvalhergebruik ,BBP Biorefinery & Sustainable Value Chains ,waste management ,Biobased Products ,waste utilization ,afvalbeheer ,Duurzaam Bodemgebruik ,innovaties ,Natuur en samenleving ,vuilnis - Abstract
The fifth part of this report on Circular Solutions is about the circular principle From Waste to Resource. The purpose of this study is to select promising options for the implementation of this circular principle and to elaborate these options further.
- Published
- 2016
5. Verkenning doorvaren passieve vistuigen
- Subjects
visserij ,Onderzoeksformatie ,refuse ,vismethoden ,fisheries ,pollution ,netherlands ,fishing methods ,verontreiniging ,fishing gear ,nederland ,vistuig ,vuilnis - Abstract
In deze studie is op basis van gesprekken met Nederlandse staandwantvissers en sleepnetvissers verkend in hoeverre het doorvaren van staandwantnetten kan leiden tot het ontstaan van zwerfvuil. Volgens de Nederlandse staandwantvissers zijn de problemen uit voorgaande decennia voorbij door de goede communicatie tussen staandwantvisssers enerzijds en sleepnetvissers anderzijds. Netten worden tegenwoordig nog doorvaren indien niet goed bekend is dat bepaalde activiteiten, zoals baggeren, gaan plaatsvinden. Doorvaren netten worden door de staandwantvissers zoveel mogelijk weer verzameld en eindigen dan niet als zwerfvuil. Door sleepnetvissers wordt aangegeven dat netten van Deense staandwantvissers regelmatig doorvaren worden, vooral gedurende de zomerperiode en binnen de 12-mijlzone. Deze netten worden losgesneden en dan òf als afval meegenomen naar wal, òf achtergelaten indien de netten zijn verankerd. Het is dan onduidelijk of de stukgesneden netten achterblijven als zwerfvuil. Op basis van de bevindingen wordt aanbevolen een betere communicatie te faciliteren tussen staandwantvissers en andere gebruikers van de kustzone.
- Published
- 2016
6. Verkenning doorvaren passieve vistuigen
- Author
-
Jak, R.G.
- Subjects
visserij ,refuse ,netherlands ,fishing methods ,nederland ,Onderzoeksformatie ,vismethoden ,fisheries ,pollution ,verontreiniging ,fishing gear ,vistuig ,vuilnis - Abstract
In deze studie is op basis van gesprekken met Nederlandse staandwantvissers en sleepnetvissers verkend in hoeverre het doorvaren van staandwantnetten kan leiden tot het ontstaan van zwerfvuil. Volgens de Nederlandse staandwantvissers zijn de problemen uit voorgaande decennia voorbij door de goede communicatie tussen staandwantvisssers enerzijds en sleepnetvissers anderzijds. Netten worden tegenwoordig nog doorvaren indien niet goed bekend is dat bepaalde activiteiten, zoals baggeren, gaan plaatsvinden. Doorvaren netten worden door de staandwantvissers zoveel mogelijk weer verzameld en eindigen dan niet als zwerfvuil. Door sleepnetvissers wordt aangegeven dat netten van Deense staandwantvissers regelmatig doorvaren worden, vooral gedurende de zomerperiode en binnen de 12-mijlzone. Deze netten worden losgesneden en dan òf als afval meegenomen naar wal, òf achtergelaten indien de netten zijn verankerd. Het is dan onduidelijk of de stukgesneden netten achterblijven als zwerfvuil. Op basis van de bevindingen wordt aanbevolen een betere communicatie te faciliteren tussen staandwantvissers en andere gebruikers van de kustzone.
- Published
- 2016
7. Circular Solutions : Part IV From Waste to Resource
- Subjects
Sustainable Soil Use ,WIMEK ,refuse ,Nature and society ,biobased economy ,recycling ,innovations ,afvalhergebruik ,BBP Biorefinery & Sustainable Value Chains ,waste management ,Biobased Products ,waste utilization ,afvalbeheer ,Duurzaam Bodemgebruik ,innovaties ,Natuur en samenleving ,vuilnis - Abstract
The fifth part of this report on Circular Solutions is about the circular principle From Waste to Resource. The purpose of this study is to select promising options for the implementation of this circular principle and to elaborate these options further.
- Published
- 2016
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