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Introduction: Hydatid cysts of the liver (HCL) are a severe yet unappreciated public health concern in underdeveloped nations such as India. HCL is mostly caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus [1]. In 2010, a research conducted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated the incidence of cystic echinococcosis per 100,000 individuals in Southeast Asia to be 0.8 (95% confidence interval (0.2-2)) [2]. Estimating HCL's influence in India is difficult, though, for a variety of reasons. First, the total frequency of the illness is greatly underreported in many epidemiological studies and series due to a lack of thorough research and surveys covering the whole endemic population. Furthermore, there is a propensity for the Health Management Information System, the government of India's monitoring system, to underreport. Aim: To evaluate hepatic hydatid cyst patients' clinical symptoms, therapy, and sociodemographic characteristics in a poor country. Materials And Methods: During the course of 24 months, the Department of General Surgery at FM Medical College and Hospital in Balasore, undertook this retrospective study. A retrospective, descriptive study was performed on 23 patients who had been identified with a liver hydatid cyst based on clinical symptoms, imaging testing, or serology. To present the study's findings, the data was assessed and statistically analysed using IBM SPSS 23.0 for Windows. Results: The age group of 25 to 45 was the most commonly affected (10, 43.47%), with an average age of 36 among the patients. Female patients made up 56.5% of the total patients. Palpable liver (7, 30.4 %) and stomach discomfort (21, 91.3 %) were the most common symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography were the two primary imaging techniques used to establish a diagnosis. Anechoic, unilocular cystic lesions were the most prevalent kind. Most liver cysts in these individuals were found in the right lobe. In 44.4 percent of the patients, hydatid cysts were surgically removed; the most common kind of surgical operation was pericystectomy. Conclusion: In India, hepatic hydatid cysts are frequently the source of illness. For most patients, surgery remains the primary course of treatment; diagnosis requires a clinical examination accompanied by imaging investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Intrabony vascular lesions are extremely rare conditions. The lesions include 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. Females are more predilected than males with a female: male ratio of 2:1, usually affecting the second decade of life. Most common sites of occurrence of these lesions are in the vertebral column and skull, jaws are the rare location with the mandible being the quite rare location. The origin of hemangiomas is still doubtful. Many of the authors believe it as hamartoma but as per World Health Organization, it as a true benign neoplasm of vascular origin. The clinical presentation of hemangiomas is variable with atypical radiographic presentations. Due to the varied presentations of this lesion, the diagnosis becomes very difficult. But diagnosing central hemangiomas early is essential for preventing uncontrollable hemorrhage and even death during any surgical intervention. We present a case of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which presented as periapical radiolucency with specks of calcification, quiet a rare presentation. The case was managed by embolization followed by surgical resection of the body of the mandible.

Objective: Thymic cysts are rare mediastinal cystic pathologies and have two subtypes namely unilocular and multilocular. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of thymic cysts and to compare the clinical and histopathologic features of multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) and unilocular thymic cysts (UTCs). Patients and Methods: Twenty-three patients with the diagnosis of thymic cyst between 2012 and 2020 were included. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics of unilocular and multilocular thymic cysts. Results: The mean age of patients was 43 years, ranging from 6 to 80 years. Fourteen cases were UTCs and 9 cases were MTCs. MTCs were found to be statistically more common in younger patients, and have much more histomorphological changes pointing to the complicated cysts (p<0.05). Moreover, we noted that patients with MTCs were found to be more symptomatic before diagnosis. Furthermore, in our study when we compared MTCs and UTCs, UTCs were slightly (64.2%) more frequent in female patients. Conclusion: According to our results, thymic cysts may also be seen at younger ages. MTC and UTC can have different histomorphological characteristics, such as foreign body reaction and hemorrhage. Moreover, there can be different clinical features, such as age, gender, and symptoms, between these two subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrabony vascular lesions are extremely rare conditions. The lesions include 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. Females are more predilected than males with a female: male ratio of 2:1, usually affecting the second decade of life. Most common sites of occurrence of these lesions are in the vertebral column and skull, jaws are the rare location with the mandible being the quite rare location. The origin of hemangiomas is still doubtful. Many of the authors believe it as hamartoma but as per World Health Organization, it as a true benign neoplasm of vascular origin. The clinical presentation of hemangiomas is variable with atypical radiographic presentations. Due to the varied presentations of this lesion, the diagnosis becomes very difficult. But diagnosing central hemangiomas early is essential for preventing uncontrollable hemorrhage and even death during any surgical intervention. We present a case of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which presented as periapical radiolucency with specks of calcification, quiet a rare presentation. The case was managed by embolization followed by surgical resection of the body of the mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, hydatid cysts of the liver are a serious yet untreated public health issue. Aim: To assess the sociodemographic traits, clinical manifestations, and treatment of individuals with liver hydatid cysts in a developing nation. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of General Surgery, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur over a period of 24 months from July 2019-June 2021. 23 individuals who were diagnosed with a liver hydatid cyst based on clinical symptoms, imaging tests, or serology underwent a retrospective, descriptive analysis. The data was evaluated and statistically analysed using IBM® SPSS® 23.0, for Windows®, to bring out the results of the study. Results: The patients average age was 36, with the age range of 25 to 45 being the most frequently afflicted (10, 43.47%). The majority of the patients were female (56.5%). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (21, 91.3%) and palpable liver (7, 30.4 %). The two main imaging tests utilised to make a diagnosis were computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography. The most common type of cystic lesion was unilocular and anechoic. The majority of patients' liver cysts were located in the right lobe. surgical excision of hydatid cysts was done in 44.4 percent of the patients, with pericystectomy being the most frequent form of surgical procedure. Conclusion: In India the hydatid cyst of liver is a common cause of morbidity. Surgery is still the preferred course of therapy in the majority of patients, and clinical examination supported by imaging studies is necessary for the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cystadenoma is a rare benign prostatic neoplasm, which grows outside prostate and locates midline between the urinary bladder and rectum. It usually presents as multilocular cysts, thus, named giant multilocular prostate cystadenoma. The definite diagnosis is difficult to be made before surgery, and it depends on histopathology. Here, we report a rarer condition of prostate cystadenoma, which manifests as a giant unilocular cyst with a solid nodule inside. The 55-year-old Chinese male patient presented with dysuria and constipation. MRI revealed a 10.5 × 8.2 cm mono-cystic lesion displacing the rectum to the posterior, prostate, and bladder to the anterior, with a 2.8 × 2.1 cm solid nodule at the anterior wall. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an elevated SUVmax (3.5) of the solid nodule. Laparoscopic pelvic mass resection was performed and prostate cystadenoma was diagnosed. In conclusion, when a mass of single locular cyst sits in the male pelvis, the diagnosis of prostate cystadenoma could not be excluded.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is benign tumor of the oral cavity characterized by its slow growth accounting to 3%–7% of the odontogenic tumors. AOTs mostly occur in the maxillary anterior region and most often than not associated with impacted anterior teeth. It affects the younger age group, especially below 20 years and is commonly seen in females. It occurs as two main variants – (a) central/intraosseous which is more common and (b) peripheral which is rare. The location of the lesion, its association with the impacted tooth, is the basis for the classification of AOT. The intraosseous type may be related to unerupted tooth (follicular variant) or may not be related to unerupted tooth (extra-follicular variant). Radiologically, AOT presents predominantly as a unilocular cystic lesion enclosing the unerupted tooth. The lesion presents rarely with a cystic component. Radiopacities on the intraoral periapical radiograph are seen as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with the presence of minimal calcified deposits. AOT being benign in nature is enucleated with least chances of recurrence. Here, we present a rare case of extra-follicular variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 19-year-old female patient.

Background and Objective: The paranasal sinuses are cavities filled with air located within specific bones, namely the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal sinuses. The ethmoidal sinus is composed of three groups: anterior, middle, and posterior, which are found on both sides. Haller cells (HC), also known as infraorbital ethmoid cells, are projections of the anterior ethmoid sinus that extend into the floor of the orbit and the upper part of the maxillary sinus. Infraorbital ethmoid cells have been associated with several disease conditions and symptoms, such as sinusitis, headaches, orofacial pain, and mucoceles. Consequently, determining the frequency and form of HC is crucial. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency, form, and clinical significance of Haller cells (HC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 100 cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images, with an equal distribution of 50 males and 50 females from the age range of 19 to 70 years. The images were randomly selected from the CBCT archives. The participants were chosen according to the specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion established for the study. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing the Chi-square test, independent student t-test, one-way ANOVA test, Cohen's Kappa statistics, and intraclass correlation coefficients., Results: The occurrence of Haller cells (HC) was found to be 73%, with 32 cases observed in males and 41 in females. Among the 73 patients with HC, 52 (71%) had unilateral HC, while 21 (28.76%) had bilateral HC. Regarding the shape of the HCs, 31 (42.46%) were teardrop-shaped, 26 (35.61%) were oval-shaped, and 16 (21.91%) were round-shaped. Additionally, out of the 73 cases of HC, 69 (94.52%) were unilocular, and four (5.47%) were multilocular. Furthermore, the average dimensions of HC were greater in males than in females, regardless of whether the cells were distributed unilaterally or bilaterally. The interobserver agreement between observers one and two showed complete consistency, and our study found that the assessment of the dimension of HC had outstanding interrater reliability., Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that CBCT is highly effective in visualizing and accurately delineating Haller cells in a significant number of patients. It is essential for oral physicians and oral radiologists to be aware of these anatomical structures to accurately identify them. This awareness will enable them to provide a comprehensive differential diagnosis for individuals experiencing orofacial pain and discomfort that may be attributed to the presence of Haller cells., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital issued approval RRDC&H/103/2015-2016. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Nandita Devi et al.)

The Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) is thought to be a developmental cyst arising from the remnants of dental lamina. This cyst has an unpredictable and a potentially aggressive behaviour, with a worldwide prevalence of 0.17%. It occurs in patients aged 40-70 years, occurring exclusively in the anterior mandibular jaw. A 42-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a chief complaint of pain in the upper right back tooth region since five days. Two radiolucencies were observed in the maxillary anterior and posterior regions, as an incidental finding in the radiographic examination. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) revealed two separate unilocular homogeneously hypodense regions with radiopaque sclerotic borders in the maxillary arch, located in the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla, crossing the midline, which is quite rare. A final diagnosis of GOC was made based on the histopathological examination of the specimen after complete enucleation. Diagnosis of this cyst is challenging clinically and radiographically, as it can be confused with other cysts or malignancies of the jaws. Hence, diagnosis of GOC can only be based on characteristic histopathological findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) is thought to be a developmental cyst arising from the remnants of dental lamina. This cyst has an unpredictable and a potentially aggressive behaviour, with a worldwide prevalence of 0.17%. It occurs in patients aged 40- 70 years, occurring exclusively in the anterior mandibular jaw. Here, authors presents a case of 42-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a chief complaint of pain in the upper right back tooth region since five days. Two radiolucencies were observed in the maxillary anterior and posterior regions, as an incidental finding in the radiographic examination. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) revealed two separate unilocular homogeneously hypodense regions with radiopaque sclerotic borders in the maxillary arch, located in the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla, crossing the midline, which is quite rare. A final diagnosis of GOC was made based on the histopathological examination of the specimen after complete enucleation. Diagnosis of this cyst is challenging clinically and radiographically, as it can be confused with other cysts or malignancies of the jaws. Hence, diagnosis of GOC can only be based on characteristic histopathological findings.

The odontogenic keratocyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst. It can occur anywhere in the jaws, but it is commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible. Lesions have a propensity to grow along the internal aspect of the jaws, and clinically observable expansion of bone occurs late. These lesions have a different mechanism of growth as compared with other cysts, and may show varying radiographic appearances. This paper reports a distinctive case of an odontogenic keratocyst in a 33-year-old female patient. The cyst has an unusual radiographic presentation of two unilocular radiolucencies overlapping each other in the left maxillary premolar-molar region. The study also presents a literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is benign tumor of the oral cavity characterized by its slow growth accounting to 3%–7% of the odontogenic tumors. AOTs mostly occur in the maxillary anterior region and most often than not associated with impacted anterior teeth. It affects the younger age group, especially below 20 years and is commonly seen in females. It occurs as two main variants – (a) central/intraosseous which is more common and (b) peripheral which is rare. The location of the lesion, its association with the impacted tooth, is the basis for the classification of AOT. The intraosseous type may be related to unerupted tooth (follicular variant) or may not be related to unerupted tooth (extra-follicular variant). Radiologically, AOT presents predominantly as a unilocular cystic lesion enclosing the unerupted tooth. The lesion presents rarely with a cystic component. Radiopacities on the intraoral periapical radiograph are seen as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with the presence of minimal calcified deposits. AOT being benign in nature is enucleated with least chances of recurrence. Here, we present a rare case of extra-follicular variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 19-year-old female patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous lesion which arises mostly on mandibular molarpremolarregion. Ossifying fibroma may be asymptomatic or may cause buccolingual expansion.The localization of the lesion is mainly on non-tooth bearing areas of the jaws. Radiographicallythe lesion is presented with a range of radiographic patterns including pure radioluscency, mixradiolucency-radiopacity or pure radioopacity. Ossifying fibroma is always well-demarcated. Inthis case report, the surgical treatment of a misdiagnosed unilocular ossifying fibroma which isin relation with mandibular second molar radix is presented.

Castleman disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder, located most commonly in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The intrapulmonary presentation is extremely rare, with 14 published cases in the English literature. The clinical presentation of the disorder is not specific and the diagnosis is often challenging. The main goal is to achieve an R0 surgical resection which gives the potential chance for a recurrence-free survival. We present the case of a symptomless, 15-year-old female patient with left-sided tumor mass. Transthoracal invasive tissue biopsy confirmed Castleman disease. The central mass involved the main structures in the left hilus and therefore left pulmonectomy was necessary to reach the complete, tumor-free resection margins. The patient had no local or distant relapse during the 7-year follow-up. Although Castleman disease treated by complete surgical resection provides excellent results, radical and extended lung resection is sometimes inevitable to reach tumor-free margins. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(37): 1476-1483.

Introduction  An odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a benign intraosseous lesion with potential to demonstrate aggressive and invasive behavior. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the imaging features of the OKC using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the association between the internal structure of the lesion and the effect of the lesion on surrounding structures. Methods Overall, 32 CBCT scans of histopathologically diagnosed cases of OKC were analyzed retrospectively. The following variables were analyzed: anatomic location of the lesions (mandible body (right/left), ramus (right/left), mandible body+ramus (right/left), maxilla (right/left), and both jaws), the internal structure of the lesion (unilocular/multilocular), and the effect of the lesion on the surrounding anatomical structures (involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve canal (IANC), displacement of the IANC, cortical expansion, displacement of the tooth, resorption of the root, associated impacted tooth, associated missing tooth). We also looked for the association between the internal structure and the effect of the lesion on anatomic structures. Results Out of 32 cases, 29 (90.6%) cases involved the mandible alone. Statistically significant association (p-value 0.005) was present between the internal structure and mean age of presentation as well as between the internal structure and impacted tooth (p-value 0.027). The association between the internal structure and other variables was statistically not significant. Conclusions The radiographic features of OKCs can be variable, and these lesions have a considerable effect on the tooth, IANC, and cortical bone. Significant association was found between the internal structure, age, and impacted tooth. Since OKCs have a high recurrence rate, CBCT is advised for evaluating the extent and location of any cortical perforations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, AC et al.)

Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological findings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis.

Biliary cystadenoma is a rare cystic neoplasms of liver that usually occurs in middle-aged women characterized by multiloculated cysts with internal septae and mural nodules. Unilocular biliary cystadenomas are rare and are difficult to differentiate from other cysts by radiology. Biliary cystadenomas are slow growing benign lesions that are easily resectable with a reported recurrence rate of 90% when the resection is incomplete. We present a case of 65-year-old male with unilocular biliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma who presented with abdominal pain and distension. Laparotomy followed by cystectomy was done and postoperative period was uneventful with no abnormal biochemical, heamatological or imaging findings. Preoperative radio-imaging techniques may not always be helpful in arriving at a specific diagnosis in such cases. Hence thorough sampling and a careful histopathological examination is considered gold standard for specific diagnosis.

Brief Background Dentigerous cyst is one of the most commonly encountered jaw cysts and it appears as a radiolucent well defined odontogenic lesion that surrounds the crown of an unerupted tooth preventing its eruption. They are generally associated with the crowns of impacted, embeded or unerupted permanent teeth, but they can be associated with an odontoma or developing tooth, and even deciduous teeth.They are usually painless unless secondarily infected. The paper presents cases of dentigerous cyst and their treatment. Materials and Methods Clinical examination led to the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst surgical decision was the adopted method. Discussion Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic cysts associated with the crowns of permanent teeth.. It is the second most common odontogenic cyst. They are usually present in the second or third decades of life and are rarely seen during childhood. The mandibular third molar and maxillary canines are involved most frequently. Two principle methods of treating a dentigerous cyst are enucleation and marsupialization. The treatment that involves enucleation of the cyst with the removal of the involved tooth is a very radical approach, however rarely results in lesion recurrence. Marsupialization is advisable to preserve the cyst associated tooth and promote its spontaneous eruption within the cyst when sufficient space for eruption exists. Summary and Conclusions The choice of therapeutic approach for a dentigerous cyst should not be randomly selected but customized to patients need, based on: the size and location of the cyst, patients age, affected dentition, status of root completion of the associated tooth, clinical course, histological presentation, relationship with the surrounding structure and patients compliance for a particular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four cases of primary unilocular thymic with features of bronchogenic cyst are presented. The patients are three men and a woman between the ages of 43 and 57 years. All the patients presented with symptoms of cough, chest pain, and dyspnea. Diagnostic imaging revealed the presence of an anterior mediastinal cystic lesion. Initial mediastinoscopic biopsies were non-diagnostic. Surgical resection of the anterior mediastinal cystic lesion was performed in all patients. Macroscopically, all the lesions were described as large cystic lesions measuring from 2 to 4 cm in largest diameter and containing yellowish fluid. The surface of the cysts was described as corrugated and of brownish color. The walls of the cysts were not thickened and no other elements were described. Histologically, the cystic lesions were characterized by single cystic structures lined by ciliated epithelium. No atypia or mitotic activity was present in any of the cases. Immunohistochemical stains show positive staining of the respiratory epithelium with keratin and negative staining for GATA3, PAX-8, TTF-1, and Napsin. All the patients have recovered well after surgical resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively uncommon benign lesion of odontogenic origin mainly affecting females in second decade of life, having a predilection for the anterior region of the maxilla. Histologically, it is composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histopathological patterns in a mature, fibrous connective tissue stroma and characterized by slow but progressive growth. Very few cases of AOT associated with a dentigerous cyst have been reported in the literature. PubMed and Medline data showed a total of 11 cases of AOT associated with a dentigerous cyst in the literature. We present an additional case of an AOT arising from a dentigerous cyst around the crown of an unerupted upper canine in a 20-year-old female, which was clinically diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. Histologically, the case showed proliferation of odontogenic epithelium in the form of whorls and islands typical of AOT associated with dentigerous cyst appearing thin reduced enamel like epithelium lining the cystic cavity, described previously. However, it is unclear whether this entity has a more aggressive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign tumor of odontogenic origin composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histopathological patterns. These lesions are usually solid but are occasionally cystic. AOT has been reported to occur in association with odontogenic cysts. Very few cases have been described that arise in association with a dentigerous cyst. A systematic search of the English-language medical literature in PubMed and Medline search (keywords adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, dentigerous cyst) data bases revealed only ten such cases. The present case is very unique, exceptional and first of this kind that occurred in the posterior mandible associated with an impacted lower first premolar in a 19-year old female patient. The intraosseous follicular AOT, as this case reported here, frequently resemble dentigerous cysts. There is an uncertainty whether the lining of an associated cyst represents a true dentigerous cyst, cystic change within an AOT or may represent a distinct entity. We believe that this case represents an odontogenic cyst with neoplastic change. Hence, in such cases, the final diagnosis should be made on the basis of histological examination of extensive tissue sampling of entire excised tissue specimen. Further studies to determine whether the AOT derived from an odontogenic cyst could represent a distinct variant are to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentigerous cysts are one of the common cysts of the jaws. Bilateral dentigerous cysts generally occur in association with a developmental syndrome or systemic diseases. Bilateral dentigerous cyst in absence of a syndrome is rare and to date only 18 cases have been reported. After reviewing the literature, no case reports of dentigerous cysts involving all the quadrants of the jaws were reported. As far as our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Odontogenic tumors are heterogenous lesions with diverse clinical manifestations and histopathological features. Ameloblastoma is a slow growing, sizeable benign tumor with an increased recurrence potential. Radiographically, ameloblastoma mimics other odontogenic tumors occurring in the same region but can be differentiated based on certain features. The objective of the study was to evaluate the radiographic features and presence of root resorption in ameloblastoma as a diagnostic feature in the local population. Methods: This retrospective hospital-based study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Multan Medical and Dental College Multan, Pakistan from 1st Oct 2019 to 31st March 2020. Radiographs of 35 histopathologically confirmed cases of ameloblastoma were included in the study. These radiographs were assessed for site, locularity, and root resorption. Data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0 Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.35±18.2 years with male predominance (66% vs. 34%). A total of 55% cases presented below 35 years age group thus showing increased prevalence in young adults. Multilocular appearance was seen in 24 (68.5%) cases while uni-locular pattern was seen in 12 (31.5%) cases. Root resorption was detected in 19 (54.3%) cases. Statistically, root resorption was not significantly associated with the gender or age of the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Multi-locular appearance a nd root resorption are th e key radiographical features of ameloblastoma presenting in our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Splenic epidermoid cysts are rare non-parasitic true cysts affecting the spleen. We report a five-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump associated with pain of 15 days. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a huge cystic lesion of obscure origin. At laprotomy a huge unilocular cyst involving upper part of spleen containing pultaceous fluid was seen and its removal necessitated splenectomy. Histopathological indings were consistent with splenic epidermoid cyst. Thus histopathology helped in elucidating the aetiology and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 16-year-old female patient reported with an asymptomatic swelling and Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained incisional biopsy section showed adenomatoid odontogenic tumour with unicystic ameloblastoma.

Obesity is a risk factor for a myriad of diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular dysfunction, cirrhosis, and cancer, and there is a need for new systems to study how excess adipose tissue relates to the onset of disease processes. This study provides proof-of-concept patient-specific tissue models of human white adipose tissue to accommodate the variability in human samples. Our 3D tissue engineering approach established lipolytic responses and changes in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake from small volumes of human lipoaspirate, making this methodology useful for patient specific sample source assessments of treatment strategies, drug responses, disease mechanisms, and other responses that vary between patients. Mature unilocular cells were maintained ex vivo in silk porous scaffolds for up to a month of culture and imaged non-invasively with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Interestingly, differences in responsiveness between tissues were observed in terms of magnitude of lipolysis, ability to suppress lipolysis, differences in glucose uptake, and lipid droplet size. Body mass index was not a factor in determining tissue responsiveness; rather, it is speculated that other unknown variables in the backgrounds of different patients (ethnicity, athleticism, disease history, lifestyle choices, etc.) likely had a more significant effect on the observed differences. This study reinforces the need to account for the variability in backgrounds and genetics within the human population to determine adipose tissue responsiveness. In the future, this tissue system could be used to inform individualized care strategies-enhancing therapeutic precision, improving patient outcomes, and reducing clinical costs., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)