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The article is devoted to the didactic potential of English-language YouTube vlogs for learning English as a foreign language by students of non-philology programs. Modern teachers of foreign languages, working in non-philological specializations, face the challenge of diversifying didactic materials. The emergence of Web 2.0, technological advancements, and the information age present a plethora of opportunities to facilitate engaging, efficient, and high-quality English language learning for both educators and students. The purpose of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of English-language YouTube vlogs encompassing a diverse range of topics, intended for learners of various demographics, including age, gender, socioeconomic background, and English proficiency level. The study explores the potential of integrating these YouTube channels into classroom and independent learning activities for students enrolled in non-philological programs. Methodology. The research employed a multi-pronged approach. An analysis of existing literature on the research topic provided insights into the current state of mobile learning research, both domestically and internationally. A descriptive method enabled the researchers to synthesize the experiences gained during the exploratory phase. Finally, the synthesis of the gathered data facilitated the formulation and execution of the research concept. The study investigates the didactic potential of eleven YouTube channels for fostering English language learning (as a second foreign language) among students in non-philological programs. A selection of English-language vlogs has been analysed, encompassing categories such as everyday life (The Cottage Fairy), education (Lindie Botes, Ruri Ohama, RealLife English), culinary arts (Delish), popular science, (Geography Now, Smarter Every Day, Vsauce, Thomas Frank, Matt D’Avella), and culture and arts (Chris Stuckmann). These vlogs cater to a broad audience, varying in terms of age, English proficiency level, thematic focus, subscriber count, viewership statistics, and uploaded video content. The analysis revealed that the proposed materials can be seamlessly integrated into the learning process for first-year students categorized as elementary, pre-intermediate, and intermediate learners. A unifying characteristic across the examined YouTube channels is the “edutainment” concept. This approach emphasizes the achievement of educational objectives by combining a gamified learning experience with the instructional content itself. The sheer variety of English language learning vlogs empowers learners to select topics that align with their personal interests, preferred language complexity, and desired level of visual engagement. Additionally, the content offers valuable knowledge for overall development. For educators, the primary advantage of YouTube channels lies in their ability to illustrate key lesson topics with engaging video content delivered by native speakers or individuals who, like the students themselves, have learned English and can offer practical advice. Visual content ranks among the most effective pedagogical tools. Strategically chosen YouTube vlogs can significantly enhance students’ vocabulary development, facilitate the acquisition of idioms and colloquial speech patterns, improve pronunciation, strengthen linguistic competencies, and refine listening and speaking skills. Furthermore, the broad thematic range of the content contributes to an expanded worldview. Students gain exposure to diverse cultural aspects of other countries, acquire new knowledge about the world, develop effective time management skills, and glean a wealth of valuable and engaging information. Conclusion. The integration of English-language YouTube vlogs into the curriculum of non-philological programs presents a promising avenue for enriching the foreign language learning experience. The “edutainment” approach fosters a stimulating and interactive learning environment, catering to diverse learning styles and facilitating the acquisition of essential language skills and knowledge. Further research is necessary to explore the long-term efficacy of this approach and its impact on student learning outcomes.

The relationship between globalization and translation is one of the new areas of research in Translation Studies. Globalization has led to unstoppable spread of the English language across the globe. Yet, contrary to expectations, not only has the need for translation services not diminished, but it also has increased. This, according to Pym (2003), sounds paradoxical since as the global use of English is on the increase, the need for translation should be waning. In other words, in spite of the fact that the use of English is triumphant and English is already considered the language of the global village, not only has the number of translations not decreased, but the demand for them is increasing. The present study was an attempt to investigate Iranian translators’ views on this paradox. In other words, the study sought the perspectives of translators in the periphery on the paradox to see how the paradox proposed by Pym can be explained from the point of view of Iranian translators. Using snowball sampling, twenty-two translators (all holding an MA or a PhD in Translation Studies) were selected. To collect data, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interpretive analysis of the data revealed that there are numerous reasons that raise the status and role of translation and translators in the Iranian context, which were categorized under three broad categories, namely the limited target language (English), a preference for Persian over English and ideological issues. As regards the limited English language knowledge, the in-depth interviews showed that the younger generation’s proficiency is mostly confined to oral skills and cannot cover all aspects of the English language. In other cases, technical differences between the two languages were pointed out, which was taken as a barrier for feeling at ease with using English. Additionally, the pervasiveness of English words and phrases in society, and especially technological tools, makes people with little English proficiency feel the need for the translation of these foreign words and phrases. Another broad category concerns the preference of Iranians for Persian over English. Throughout the interviews, even PhD holders pointed out that they were not that much at ease with English, and some mentioned in the interviews that if they had both the English and the Persian version of a text, they would probably prefer the Persian version. Another reason for such preference was shown to be their lack of confidence in their knowledge of English even though they had an advanced level of understanding English texts/talks. The final category dealt with ideological issues at both macro- and micro-level. At the macro-level, some participants referred to the government policy that prioritizes the Persian language over foreign languages in society. At the micro-level, one participant believed that some individuals intentionally use Persian words and phrases to prevent the marginalization of the Persian language.

The research deals with linguistic and extralinguistic features of the internationalization process of multimedia products text materials. The term internationalization is considered in the paper within the framework of the translation activity “GILT processes” (processes of globalization, internationalization, localization and translation). The article describes the current state of linguistic and translatological studies of the internationalization process. The paper presents the definition of the internationalization concept. The range of procedures carried out in the process of internationalization is defined. The paper describes the most significant technical procedures performed on the product during internationalization. The paper provides some characteristic linguistic transformations caused by the tasks of internationalization. The research paper offers several examples of using internationalization in the video game industry, the film industry and in creating multilingual and global versions of websites. As a result of the conducted research, two directions of internationalization were identified: pre-localization and global ones. The pre-localization direction of internationalization is to create an intermediate version of the product (mainly in English), which serves to simplify localization (following internationalization) into other languages. This approach significantly reduces the cost of creating a multilingual version of the product. The global direction of internationalization is to create a global version of this product in English. It is assumed that users of the global version can be not only native English speakers, but also those who speak it as a foreign language. Due to the wide spread of English as a foreign language in the world, the creation of an internationalized English version of the product allows companies to enter the global market with significantly lower financial costs and in a shorter timeframe than in the case of creating a multilingual version of the same product.

В современных исследованиях задается новая парадигма лингвистического описания терминов как единиц специальной номинации. Акцент ставится на изучении динамических процессов, охватывающих терминосистемы разных предметных областей, выявлении качественных изменений в способах представления специального знания. Предпринята попытка выявить некоторые специфические черты терминологической лексики физики в рамках активно разрабатываемого направления физических исследований, связанных с проблемой темной материи. Относительная новизна данной сферы, междисциплинарный и активно развивающийся характер приводят к усложнению ее понятийной структуры, порождают определенные изменения в формальной и семантической репрезентации специальных понятий. В центре внимания данного исследования аналитические единицы специальной номинации – многокомпонентные термины, обладающие спецификой комбинаторики и семантики отдельных компонентов. Цель статьи заключается в описании лексико-семантических особенностей данной разновидности терминов, обусловленных лингвистическими и экстралингвистическими факторами. Сбор лексического материала для анализа осуществлялся не на материале словарей, как это происходит традиционно, а на материале англоязычных публикаций из высокорейтинговых научных журналов за 2014–2024 гг. Эмпирический материал для анализа отбирался произвольно, с учетом особенностей представления терминологических сочетаний тематической сферы «темная материя» в научном тексте (варьирование форм), специфики составляющих их компонентов. Выборка многокомпонентных терминов составила 223 единицы. Использовался метод лингвистического описания, представленный приемами наблюдения и обобщения, систематизации, количественного подсчета, компонентного и семантического анализа. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить некоторые особенности многокомпонентных терминов тематической сферы «темная материя»: вариативность форм репрезентации одних и тех же понятий в контексте одной статьи и в публикациях других авторов; гибридизация формы выражения понятий (сочетание словесных форм с аббревиатурами и специальными символами); усложнение семантической емкости терминологических сочетаний за счет эпоминимных и метафорических компонентов; подверженность таким семантическим процессам, как синонимия и антонимия. Практическая и теоретическая значимость проведенного исследования видится в возможности применения полученных результатов для разработки теории межкультурной научной коммуникации, определения закономерностей для составления специализированных словарей и глоссариев узкоспециализированных физических терминов, для разработки и преподавания курсов языка для специальных целей, курсов специального перевода.

This paper examines the relationship between applied linguistics and language discourse analysis in English language teaching. It explores the significance of these fields in enhancing language learning and teaching practices. The article discusses the theoretical foundations of applied linguistics and language discourse analysis. This study shows that applied linguistics and language discourse analysis share a close relationship as they both investigate language use and its practical applications. It is stated that it is essential to recognize the diversity of students’ linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This can be achieved through a variety of approaches, including the use of discourse in language teaching and cultural responsive teaching. The significant contributions that applied linguistics and language discourse analysis have made to English Language Teaching, there is a strong call for continued research and implementation of these approaches in language teaching contexts. Furthermore, future research should focus on the effectiveness of different approaches and techniques in promoting applied linguistics and language discourse analysis in English language teaching.

An anthropological character of the language is one of the most current research paradigms of linguistic culturology. Within the mentioned aspect, language is considered a system of signs to which a group of people ascribes certain meanings in accordance with the specifics of their world perception and processing. Proverbs and sayings are texts that contain didactic and cultural information on values and representations of different ethnic groups. Traditional nature is the key feature of folklore texts, and in this context paroemias can be investigated as cliches that include culturally explained signs or codes, combination of which forms the language of culture, structures and estimates the reality. The aim of the paper is to reveal semantic characteristics of a gastronomic word ‘bread’ in English folklore on the examples of proverbs and sayings. The objectives were the following: to study the texts of paroemias with the component ‘bread’ and its synonym ‘loaf’; to determine semantic groups (macrofields) defining functional, axiological and mythological aspects of bread; to identify traditional representations verbalized in English paroemias. To obtain the aim of research we applied the methods of contextual, semantic, semiotic and interpretative analyses; the complex of applied methods allowed revealing key symbolic meanings of the basic food in English folk texts. In the course of the study we obtained the following results: in paroemias there is a mythologem of the bread alone and spiritual bread; we found some texts verbalizing a topic of punishing for sins by hunger; gastronomic code ‘bread’ reflects the elements of archaic and domestic traditions of England as well as realia, euphemisms and superstitions; bread serves an instrument for comparison, a symbol of Christian religion denoting the God’s gift; bread is the main attribute of wellness and poverty, labour and idleness, it represents basic demand in food and material values in the life of a human-being.

This article explores the multifaceted nature of “The British Identity” within the context of political discourse, focusing on its representation in The Guardian newspaper. The aim of this study is to investigate the content specificity of the concept and its transformation under the influence of socio-cultural and extralinguistic factors. Through a qualitative analysis of selected articles from The Guardian, the paper examines the linguistic units used to represent the British identity and the evaluative nature of their expression. The study adopts a conceptual framework that considers the British identity as a political and cultural concept, susceptible to diverse interpretations and judgments within the ideological context. By employing a content analysis approach, the research reveals the tensions arising from the attempt to cater to both conservative and progressive factions of the UK society. The findings indicate that the representation of the British identity in The Guardian is influenced by socio-cultural factors, reflecting the evolving dynamics of British society. The analysis highlights the presence of evaluative expressions, reflecting the conceptual domain’s evaluative nature and its connection to political and cultural debates, particularly those concerning multiculturalism. While the study predominantly relies on articles from The Guardian, it acknowledges the need for broader source diversity to capture a more comprehensive understanding of the British identity. Moreover, the paper suggests that further research in this field holds promise for exploring the evolution and adaptation of conceptual domains in an ever-changing world. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by shedding light on the complex and evolving nature of the British identity within political discourse. The research serves as a foundation for future investigations into the concept of identity and its representation in professional media outlets, and its implications for social cohesion in diverse societies.

The article aims to study the usage and influence of expressive syntax within a variety of culture-related articles featured in contemporary Australian digital media. Leveraging textual analysis on online articles sourced from prominent Australian newspapers such as “The Sydney Morning Herald”, “The Alice Springs News”, “Katherine Times”, and “The New Daily”, the research provides insights into the frequency and novelty of expressive syntactic elements employed within. Particularly prevalent techniques, such as parenthetical inclusions, interrogative sentences, elliptical, nominative, and parcelled constructions, are thoroughly examined for their expressive potential. The study offers a comprehensive breakdown of these syntactical elements, highlighting key types, delineating their general attributes, and enumerating the specifics of their implementation within the researched texts. It especially highlights the frequent interaction of various expressive syntax within single sentences, proposing that this phenomenon increases the techniques’ effectiveness. Furthermore, the study explores the amplification of expression through the usage of specific punctuation marks, including quotation marks, dashes, colons, brackets, semicolons, and ellipses, each undergoing a thorough analysis for potential effect. In summarizing the principal outcomes of the research, the study asserts the significant role of expressive syntactic techniques in crafting engaging and impactful cultural articles within modern Australian media.

The use of contrastive analysis as a linguistic research method is effective at all language levels, especially at lexico-semantic and lexico-phraseological levels. Zoonymic images fixed in the language are associated with national and cultural stereotypes, value standards, which testifies to the individuality of the figurative thinking of speakers of the language, as well as to differences and similarities of language worldview. The article presents a contrastive analysis of the linguocultural connotations of zoonymic images in English, Ukrainian, and Russian proverbs. In the analyzed languages, the imagery of the proverb with a zoonymic component is formed by two main ways: as the figurative meaning of the whole sentence with the direct meaning of its component parts; as the figurative meaning of the parts of the sentence with the figurative meaning of the whole sentence. The following types of formal similarities and differences in English, Ukrainian, and Russian proverbs with a zoonymic image are identified: full logical and figurative similarity; logical and figurative similarity at the level of the whole statement and differences at the level of words; identity of logical meaning and complete difference in imagery; similarity of imagery and differences of logical meanings. Similarities and differences in zoonymic imagery are explained by a number of reasons: differences in folklore imagery system; differences in the national and cultural systems, which are reflected in proverbs; borrowing images from well-known religious or literary texts; typological and areal similarities and differences of the figurative systems. In various languages, the symbolic meaning of zoonyms is based on the importance of a certain animal, bird or insect in economic activity, in social and everyday life, in the mythological and religious worldview of the people. Specific examples (bull / ox; бик /віл; бык / вол) show that zoonymic images in different languages can completely coincide in their semantic meaning, be similar, or completely different. Zoonyms are formed according to mental patterns based on metaphorical transference and have evaluative and linguocultural connotations.

This research is carried out within the framework of cognitive linguistics and is devoted to the problem of interrelation between the language and spatial perception of the surrounding world. It aims at identifying how spatial characteristics of an object and further cognitive processing of spatial experience affect the meaning of phraseological units. The study focuses on English set expressions with the word head. Due to the fact that human perception is anthropocentric, the head as a vitally important part of the body serves an essential reference point in space orientation. English phraseological units show that in statics, the human head is perceived as the upper part of a vertically oriented body. In dynamics, it is viewed as its upper-front part. The idea that the head has a round shape is also reflected in the English phraseology. Cognitive processing of spatial characteristics of the human head makes it possible to apply this word in reference to the top part of inanimate objects. And metaphorical transference allows to describe non-spatial, for example, social relations in terms of spatial ones. Studying the manifestation of spatial experience in the language helps to clarify complex interconnection between different elements of human cognition.

This paper deals with theoretical and, especially, practical aspects of exploring the English vocabulary, including neologisms, with the aid of resources made available by AI chatbots, viewed and used as multitalented superdictionaries. The exposition is divided into four parts, thus: Section 1 offers some general, scene-setting remarks; Section 2 brings a discussion of the whys, whats and hows of exploring properties of, and relations between, individual English words by exploiting AI chatbots; Section 3 brings a discussion of the theory and practice of exploring English neologisms by exploiting AI chatbots; and Section 4 provides an overview of the applied aspects of other important areas of exploration of the English vocabulary, including neologisms, with AI chatbots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the semiotic field of the concept FAMILY in the English and Chinese languages through the application of the methodology of critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. The article is based on the materials of the Chinese English Learners Corpus (CELC) and the combined materials of the BROWN and the written British National Corpus (BNC) for studying the vocabulary co-occurrence of the node word “family” from the point of view of collocation, colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody. The differences between Chinese and Western family cultures are revealed from the perspective of critical discourse analysis and the use of a horizontal combination of vocabulary relevant to the semiotic field of family. The study exemplifies the significant differences between Chinese learners and English native speakers in the choice and the use of core collocations in the minimal context of the family-related vocabulary. The conducted examination of the use of the node word “family” and its collocations in the Chinese English Learners Corpus compared to the combined English native speakers corpus in terms of semantic preference and semantic prosody demonstrates the most significant differences in understanding of the related concept as observed through the most common collocations. The article demonstrates the efficiency of the critical discourse analysis use in combination with the methods of corpus linguistics for the purpose of validation and verification of the conclusions regarding the content of the semiotic fields, as exemplified on the basis of the semiotic field of the concept FAMILY. Future research developments are seen in the possible extension of the corpus material base, including the materials on a wide variety of languages, for the purpose of further comparative analysis.

The purpose of the present study was to examine Iranian university students’ attitudes toward the US government and the English language in the Trump era. For this purpose, 359 Iranian university students who were taking general English courses took part in the study and completed two questionnaires measuring their attitudes toward the US government and the English language in the Trump era. The results of the study indicated that Iranian university students did not have favorable attitudes toward the US government in the Trump era, while their attitudes toward the English language were more positive. Furthermore, we found that demographic information, including gender, field of study, educational level, and economic status could affect the attitudes toward the US government and the English language. We also found that participants with higher English language proficiency levels had more positive attitudes toward the English language. Finally, findings were discussed, and directions for future research were recommended.

The article deals with one of the current problems related to modern foreign language and culture teaching methodology – the development of pre-service English teachers’ critical reading skills on the material of authentic publicistic texts from the Internet editions. Particularly, the notions of critical thinking and critical reading are defined. Various points of view in the psychological and pedagogical literature concerning the concept “critical thinking” are described; the key features of critical thinking in the educational dimension are outlined. The attention is focused on theoretical methodological background of developing pre-service English teachers’ critical reading skills on the material of authentic publicistic texts taken from the Internet editions. The main methodological types of reading are outlined, the peculiarities of critical reading as compared to analytical reading are revealed. The critical reading skills are considered. The main stages of developing critical thinking skills in correlation with building up critical reading skills are characterized. It is substantiated that the potential of authentic publicistic texts from the Internet editions in developing pre-service English teachers’ critical reading skills is considerable. It is determined that the main goal of developing pre-service English teachers’ critical reading skills on the material of authentic publicistic texts from the Internet editions is to expand students’ cognitive skills and competencies to solve social, scientific, practical and professional problems effectively. The article considers the strategies of forming pre-service English teachers’ critical thinking skills on the material of authentic publicistic texts from the Internet editions that are annotating, pre-scanning, contextualization, putting questions, reflexion, outlining and summarizing, evaluating statements, comparing and contrasting of thematically relevant texts, etc. The teaching techniques of developing critical thinking skills in the process of teaching critical reading to pre-service English teachers are offered.

The knowledge of the English language, as a global lingua franca is necessary for following professional literature, communicating with foreign business partners, as well as correspondence and various forms of written expression. An important aspect of language education on the higher educational level is learning English for a given purpose. ESP (English for Specific Purposes), as a subfield of the English language, that is distinct and special, is an excellent means for individuals to connect and communicate within a certain profession. The primary objective of a foreign language learning curriculum, utilising a communicative approach, is to equip students with the requisite knowledge and practical skills to effectively communicate in a second language. The aim of this paper is to examine to what extent university students are motivated to learn ESP, as well as to what extent they are aware of the importance of ESP for the profession they have chosen. This paper also aims to determine whether students, who after many years of learning English continue to study it at the university, have any particular expectations from the ESP course in the first year of study, whether there are certain difficulties with the acquisition of professional terminology, as well as to what extent the students are satisfied with the achieved success. The paper employed quantitative research as a research methodology to evaluate the set hypothesis by statistically analyzing numerical data. Questionnaires were used to collect data which then were analysed using descriptive statistics in order to provide exact and reliable information.

Aircraft maintenance is an essential part of aviation that ensures the safety of the aircraft, which is achieved by effective communication. Since English is the language of aviation, it is also present in aircraft manuals and other necessary documentation for aircraft maintenance. The data was gathered by means of a questionnaire at the MRO facility in Eastern Slovakia and was processed by the statistical software Jamovi. This research besides other findings revealed that the most common types of communication are; reading the written text and engaging in dialog. This article revealed the importance of continuous training in the English language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Language environment is now being created and cultivated in most Russian universities. However, as a concept it has been defined quite fragmentary, and in many cases is completely ignored as something obvious and self-evident. In this paper, we conduct a literature review of most typical definitions of this phenomenon and identify a set of features underlying its understanding. We then propose a more precise definition of language environment and highlight the basic principles that contribute to its effective functioning and ensure the linguistic socialization of an individual. We suggest that our “definition-assumption” and the minimum set of principles should be at the core of university measures towards creating a foreign language environment.

Copyright of Pensares em Revista is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The article singles out the semantic and linguo-cultural specificities of the use of “metallized” colour names in English fairy-tales. The nomination of the colour “metallized” continuum of the English fairy-tale discourse is carried out through the verbalization of the colour of precious metals (gold, silver), non-ferrous metals (iron) and alloys (bronze). “Metallized” colour names reveal a limited position – 12 units. Lexical units golden, silvery, bronzed are the most general designations of the metallic colours within the ancient English worldview. The color of gold – golden – dominates as hierarchically the most significant one. English fairy-tales represent a wide use of “metallized” colour names within the NATURE, HUMAN BEING and SUPERNATURAL domains. “Metallized” colour names join such thematic groups, as FAUNA, FLORA, NATURAL PHENOMENON (within the NATURE domain), APPEARANCE, ACTIVITY, ARTEFACTS (within the HUMAN BEING domain) and APPEARANCE (within the SUPERNATURAL domain). “Metallized” colour names are indirectly related to colour explication. The lexical units conveying “metallized” colour designations are characterized by part-ofspeech heterogeneity, simple / complex structure of constituents, the presence of an identifier of a qualitative feature and shading semantics, axiological marking, the unproductiveness of the formation of diminutives, the presence / absence of a non-colour component, the presence / absence of signs of radiance and shine.

The article is devoted to the usage of video materials as an innovative way of learning and teaching contemporary foreign language, particularly slang. The article is aimed at studying and defining the ways to use films and series at the English language lessons effectively for the purpose of enlarging students’ vocabulary with the words and phrases of colloquial speech. The article is based on various works on this issue, for example the works of L.V. Sadovina, N.S. Savitskaya, D.M. Chun, J. Sherman and others. It dwells on the prerequisites of involving video into the studying process, defines the advantages of learning by means of films and series, specifies the criteria of film selection and the stages of the studying process involving films and series. The problem of the absence of slang words in textbooks is discussed and the necessity of including slang into language learning is highlighted. Films and series are viewed as the unique authentic materials in which slang is widely represented. The importance of comparing neutral words and synonymous slang is emphasized. The peculiarities of the work at each stage are exemplified by the tasks to the TV series «Gilmore Girls». As a result of the research we can conclude that a film is an effective and entertaining way of learning contemporary spoken speech. The scientific novelty of the research is manifested in focusing on slang as a feature of the modern English language and also on video as the means of learning slang and thus increasing students’ vocabulary, quality of comprehension, the ability to differentiate styles and usage peculiarities. The article is of particular interest to the teachers of foreign language at higher educational establishments or high school.

Введение. В статье исследуются метафорические модели цветообозначения человеческого тела на материале русских, английских и китайских текстов, входящих в судебно-медицинский дискурс. Изучение вопросов метафорического словообразования на основе обыденного знания представителей разных культур имеет большое значение не только для лингвокультурологии, но и для исследований, направленных на анализ языковых картин мира; лексемы-цветообозначения также являются ценным материалом для этнокультурологических и дискурсивных исследований. Цель – произвести сопоставительный анализ метафорических моделей цветообозначений человеческого тела на материале русских, английских и китайских текстов, входящих в судебно-медицинский дискурс. Материал и методы. Эмпирическим материалом исследования послужили тексты судебно-медицинских исследований на русском языке; судебно-медицинские англоязычные статьи Дж. Пралоу, Г. Скопп, М. Цокоса и Р. Байярда, К. Стюарта, Р. Кобба, В. Кит; китайскоязычные книги «Судебно-медицинская экспертиза» Чжао Цзыциня и «Путеводитель по судебной патологии» Цзин Хуаланя и Ли Хуаньсяна. Из вышеобозначенных текстов при помощи приема сплошной выборки были выделены сначала все цветообозначения человеческого тела, а затем те из них, в основе которых лежит метафорический перенос. В исследовании применяются следующие методы: дефиниционный анализ, анализ внутренней формы слова, а также сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ семантических параметров метафоры применительно к трем указанным языкам. Результаты и обсуждение. Среди русскоязычных цветообозначений выявлено две метафорические модели, в которых сравнение идет с пятью объектами окружающего мира; в англоязычных – пять моделей со сравнением с девятью объектами; в китайскоязычных – пять моделей со сравнением с семью объектами. Отмечено, что процессы метафоризации русских цветовых обозначений судебно-медицинского дискурса менее выражены. Среди англоязычных цветообозначений наблюдается большее разнообразие объектов окружающего мира, на основе которых происходит сравнение. В русских и китайских цветообозначениях актуализируется одинаковое сравнение – «цвет плода вишни». В русских и английских цветовых лексемах близким является сравнение с глиной и кирпичом. В англо- и китайскоязычных цветообозначениях присутствует сравнение «цвет пепла», а близкими по смыслу являются сравнения результатов действий «вымывать» (о цвете) и «линять». В лексических единицах русскоязычного судебно-медицинского дискурса отсутствует сравнение с действиями, сладостями и признаками объектов. Для английского материала уникальным является сравнение со сладкими продуктами питания – шоколад и крем, для китайского – с различными характеристиками объектов. Заключение. В результате проделанной работы были выявлены особенности метафорического словообразования лексем, называющих цвета человеческого тела и используемых в судебно-медицинском дискурсе: для русского языка характерно словообразование, основанное на сравнении с цветами объектов флоры, для английского – с цветами материалов, для китайского – со степенью выраженности характеристик различных объектов окружающего мира. Это можно объяснить различиями в культуре привлеченных к анализу языков. Результаты сопоставительного анализа метафорических моделей выявили значительные различия между лексемами-цветообозначениями в текстах судебно-медицинского дискурса в трех привлеченных к анализу языках.

Введение. Актуальность предлагаемого исследования продиктована необходимостью выявления основных тенденций структурного развития терминов экологического медийного дискурса, а также идентификацией их функционального потенциала. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении основных структурных типов и функциональных особенностей многокомпонентных терминов, зафиксированных в англоязычных текстах научно-популярной журналистики по проблемам экологии. Объектом изучения выступают многокомпонентные терминологические сочетания англоязычного медийного экологического дискурса. Предмет исследования – структурные и функциональные особенности многокомпонентных экологических терминов медийного экологического дискурса. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили тексты, представленные на сайте англоязычного онлайн-журнала «An Earth Island Journal» («Журнал острова Земля») медиаподразделения экологической организации «Earth Island Institute» («Институт острова Земля») за 2021–2022 гг. Количество выборки составило 212 единиц. Использовались методы наблюдения, моделирования, систематизации, количественного подсчета, структурного и функционального анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. В результате было установлено, что многокомпонентные термины являются важной составляющей современного англоязычного медиадискурсивного пространства. Ориентация терминов экологического медиадискурса на многокомпонентность может быть обусловлена рядом причин: необходимостью отразить ряд признаков объекта исследуемого/описываемого объекта с помощью одной формы, стремлением показать с помощью внутренней формы связь термина с иными сферами знаний, а также может являться средством экономии языковых средств, когда происходит лексикализация синтаксических конструкций, что характерно для современного английского языка. Анализ языкового материала позволил выявить основные типы структурных моделей и специфические черты многокомпонентных терминов сферы медийного экологического дискурса, определить их частотность, а также установить особенности функционирования МКТ в исследуемом типе дискурса. Заключение. В итоге сформулирована практическая ценность исследования, которая заключается в возможности использования его результатов в процессе преподавания специализированных курсов по лексикологии английского языка, лингвистике текста, в практике подготовки студентов-переводчиков, слушателей программ по направлению «Научно-популярная журналистика», «Исследовательская журналистика», специализирующихся на вопросах экологии. Помимо этого обозначены перспективы дальнейшего исследования.

The article sheds light on some of the new developments in English under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic: namely, various types of neologisms, which have appeared over the past year and a half. The paper offers an overview of these new formations, supplemented by discourse analysis. The study is based on the material gleaned from online editions of The Economist newspaper, with the examples selected using the method of continuous sampling. Research results indicate that the majority of neologisms are portmanteau words; however, abbreviations, compounds and new coinages referring to people’s work arrangement are also encountered. In addition, some data on the increase in dictionary searches for words connected with the pandemic are adduced. COVID-19 has boosted the capacity of the English language for expanding its vocabulary, and the changes brought about by this process should be thoroughly studied and understood.

Project-based learning has become an inevitable part of teaching English since it is regarded as a contemporary educational concept that enables the purposeful use of language. The main aim of the paper was to investigate the effectiveness of the use of this approach for improving the English language, which was done in the following ways: 1) by assessing the test results concerning language systems (vocabulary and grammar) and skills (reading, listening, speaking, writing), before and after the use of the project-based learning approach, and 2) by mapping students' attitudes concerning the usefulness of this approach for improving language systems (vocabulary and grammar) and skills (reading, listening, speaking, writing). The quantitative research was conducted on a sample comprising 30 first-year students at the Department of English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philosophy in Kosovska Mitrovica. The data were gathered by means of the upper-intermediate English tests and a designed questionnaire. They were analysed by applying adequate procedures for statistical data analysis of the SPSS 20.0 program. The results indicate the successful use of project work for improving the English language. In this respect, they provide the basis on which to justify its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights some aspects of the development and implementation of bilingual education in China. Special attention is paid to the internal and external factors that have led to the need to introduce bilingual education in China. The influence of English on the formation and development of China's language policy, as well as the dependence of the country's economy and human resource development on the quality of bilingual education are determined. It is stressed that in the process of China's active participation in the global economy and international cooperation, English has become very important in the country's bilingual education. The article summarizes the studies of Chinese scholars on the interpretation of the concept of "bilingual education". They made it possible to consider it as a process of learning two languages and using these two languages as a means of learning a part or the complete educational program; using another language as a means of learning for language minorities; learning with the dominance of the native language and limited knowledge of a foreign language, etc. Based on the results of experimental studies conducted by Chinese scholars, the expediency of introducing bilingual education in primary and basic schools in large cities and developed regions of the country is confirmed. The features of the introduction of immersion educational programs in Chinese higher education institutions are considered. Controversial issues and problems that exist in bilingual education, in particular, the insufficient number of bilingual teachers, low motivation of students to learn a second language, insufficient pedagogical conditions for the introduction of bilingual education, lack of authentic teaching and learning materials, and others are considered. Particular attention is paid to the measures taken by Chinese educational institutions to improve the level of bilingual education, in particular, the implementation of an adapted model of bilingual education in Chinese higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful functioning of both the state and individual in the conditions of updated intercultural communication is impossible without adequate mastery of the universal language of international communication, which is currently the English language. The development of intercultural abilities of future interpreters in the field of business communication is aimed at continuous improvement of existing educational programs of institutions of higher education. The relevance of our research is due to the growing demand in modern business society for highly qualified interpreters with intercultural communication competencies. The purpose of the study is to develop and practically implement a model of intercultural communicative competence in the process of teaching business English. The mentioned educational program is for applicants for higher education in the field of translation who are studying in a bachelor's degree program at Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Changes in the development of intercultural communicative competencies of students were recorded experimentally using diagnostic techniques. The research results are reflected in the educational program "The English language: translation in business communications" and designed on the principles of developing the intercultural communicative competence of future interpreters. It is created to train highly qualified specialists who can analyze, organize and conduct interlingual and intercultural business communication, plan and carry out successful complex translation projects, and act as intermediaries in the process of interlingual and intercultural communication of business partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Изучение истории возникновения и развития английского языка представляет собой сложную, но крайне интересную задачу. Найти первоисточник, объясняющий появление того или иного слова, проследить этапы изменения лексической единицы, а также варианты использование в речи было и есть первоочередной задачей лингвистов.Статья посвящена обзору некоторых словарей английского языка, которые могут являться источниками для изучения истории английского языка. Даются пояснения о том, что можно извлечь из изучения ранних словарей, а также о развитии, современном состоянии и возможном будущем научной исторической лексикографии английского языка.Независимо от того, какой формат приобретут словари со временем, они останутся одним из важнейших источников получения информации о происхождении слов и развитии языка.

In 2020 the world encountered a new virus. Nobody could predict it but it happened. The boundaries between countries were closed, people were obliged to stay at home, schools and universities were shut and the education was transferred online. We have to admit that not all educational institutions were ready to switch to the online format of teaching in such a short period. However, in conditions when there are no possibilities for face-to-face teaching educators are forced to find the most efficient ways of teaching English. In this paper, the authors aim to investigate online resources able to compensate for the lack of face-to-face communication. While doing research critical analysis of existing literature and generalisation of teaching experience were used. The findings revealed that even in distant learning particular resources can recompense for the absence of offline learning.

Developing ethnocultural competence by teaching a foreign language is considered to be a contribution to ethnic identity development that is the aim of ethnic socialization process. The present article describes the content of the English language teaching in the process of ethnocultural competence development. Thematic and procedural aspects are distinguished. Each one has a complex nature and contributes to profound considering ethnic related information by Kalmyk students at high school.

The article deals with the interpretation of keywords as indicators of registering intertextual properties in English New Testament texts. The notion of "intertextuality" is represented in terms of three approaches: philosophical-poststructuralist, philological, and genre-textual is considered to be a complex interdisciplinary phenomenon and is characterised as a system-textual and prototypical category, with an emphasis on the typological properties of textuality. It has been proved that in order to register the intertextuality in English New Testament Texts, the notions of "keywords" and "life cycle" as indicators of actualization (active vocabulary) or deactualization (passive vocabulary) of tokens represented in a specific type and kind of discourse were introduced. AntConc corpus manager as an artificial intelligence programme, which is a free and multifunctional tool for statistical research of texts of different languages of various discourses (Dr Laurence Anthony), helped to establish the following most frequent keywords of intertextuality in English New Testament texts: God (1372), Jesus (989), Man (908), Lord (728), Christ (571), Will (555), Son (422), Father (370), Spirit (299), Heaven (256). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the problems of cognitive and pragmalinguistic parameterization of floronims in the frame structure “food”. To achieve the goal – to identify and describe the specifics of the cognitive and pragmatic parameters of floronims in the frame structure “food” – on the basis of the cognitive-frame approach, traditional methods for linguistics are used (descriptions, observations, combining units into classes based on obligative features) and definition analysis. The article clarifies the structure of the frame”food”, offers arguments for the use of the term macroframe as to this object; defines its complex structural organization, taking into account the presence of elements of two ranks; analyzes frames and subframes formed by floronims. A set of parameters that are significant for the macroframe”food”, correlations of cognitive and pragmalinguistic parameters and frame structure are established; the selected parameters of floronims and ways of their actualization in the analyzed frame structure are classified based on the material of plants’ names in the English language. Such parameters of floronims as form, size, colour and taste in the structure of the frame “food” are defined as obligatory cognitive parameters, while the motivational and actual target parameters are defined as pragmatic ones. The article substantiates the predominance of endocomposite names in the macroframe “food”, which have actualized cognitive and pragmalinguistic parameters. Cognitive-frame approach allows a more detailed parameterization of the linguistic units, including floronimic ones, to describe systematically the components of a frame structure concerning the naive and scientific language worldview, the status and intentions of communicators, the specific spheres of functioning (professional/ common), and grammar features in a language, recorded in a language-specific representations (as to the analyzed frame structure – floronimic).

For English teachers listening fluency is a fundamental competency for their professional development. Listening is one of the most complicated and problematic aspects of learning English, as it leads to high mental strain. The objective of the research is to study mobile learning as a means to improve listening comprehension skills of the future English teachers. The tasks of the research are as follows: to identify and work out the theoretical framework for mobile applications use and their role in teaching English; to present the pilot study of the role of mobile learning in students’ autonomous work, in particular for listening comprehension skills improvement. The following methods were used: theoretical (theoretical-and-methodological analysis, classification and systematization of scientific sources, comparison and generalization of the theoretical and experimental research data), empirical (observation, testing), data processing methods (generalization and systematization of qualitative and quantitative results of the empirical research); methods of mathematical statistics (evaluation of experimental data by the arithmetic mean calculation). Upon the theoretical analysis results, the categories of mobile applications and their role in teaching English were identified. The survey showed that the students use mobile learning insufficiently and ineffectively. The research on the use of mobile learning as a means to improve the future English teachers’ listening comprehension skills was conducted. This required selection of several mobile applications (Duolingo, LinguaLeo, Learning English with New York Times, Polyglot 16 EnglishPod - Learn English, Bussu), the main selection criterion being the availability of tasks and texts for listening. The results of the term listening comprehension test showed that the students of the experimental groups who studied using mobile learning scored higher than those of the control groups, which proved relevance and effectiveness of mobile learning use as a means to improve the future teachers’ of the English language listening comprehension skills.

This work is a scenario of the English lesson dealing with the discussion of one of the greatest problems humanity currently faces and comprises a set of tasks for students at the C1 level at English classes. These assignments and suggested activities envisage speaking, listening and reading exercises, encourage students to discuss the problem of war conflicts around the world and their consequences and organize active usage and efficient acquisition of language material.

This paper focuses on various perspectives and challenges language teachers face while assessing language learners' proficiency level and relying on standardized placement tests in compliance with the CEFR. The aim of this study is to obtain a more critical insight into language testing in terms of the relationship between a test form and test score; to provide an interpretation of the CE-FR-based proficiency levels; and to address the inclusion of the CEFR scheme in the real-life, academic language environment. Through a comparative, qualitative analysis, it examines the achievements of a group of respondents, undergraduate students majoring in English, recorded in a standardized PEN-and-paper test focusing on their written language competence to determine their CEFR language proficiency levels. It also analyses errors, and compares the results obtained at different levels within the CEFR context, providing a theoretical background to the role and place grammar has in language teaching and learning. The main findings of the research point out the commonest grammatical errors found at the B2 and C1/2 levels, also revealing inconsistent and unexpected types which contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities language assessment implies. This paper presents results which identify the areas that could be improved in terms of testing grammatical competence within the CEFR framework.

Abatract. The article presents the results of a lexico-syntactic analysis of valency and collocability of English words, related to one semantic group: effectiveness and efficiency . The aim of the research was to study the ability of these words to syntactically and lexically contact with other words, taking into consideration certain difference between their lexical meanings. The objectives included determining semantic variations and analysis of word classes in the left and right contexts. The material, 177,144 words, comprised 700 article titles and abstracts from seven international journals with geological and petroleumrelated specializations. Methods of study involved continuous sampling, classification, and analysis of lexical meanings of relevant words. It was found that the frequency of effectiveness was 40% higher than that of efficiency. Both of them had similarities in syntactic valency: they occurred in identical syntactic structures, however, with different rates of occurrence. The difference is the most obvious in such syntactic structures as N(E)+of+N - characteristic of effectiveness, and V+A+N(E) - specific to efficiency. A typical example of effectiveness was the effectiveness of the proposed method , while that of efficiency - improve production efficiency . Effectiveness collocated more often with method-related notions, whereas efficiency - with processes. The gained data correlate with the definitions: effectiveness has a wider semantic field (which explains a higher rate of its occurrence) and is oriented towards result, while efficiency implies process and has an additional technical meaning. The data can be used in the practice of teaching English as a second language for students with technical specializations and technical translation.

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This work presents a scenario of the English lesson dealing with the discussion of one of the greatest problems humanity currently faces (corruption) and comprises a series of language activities for students at the C1 English level. The suggested activities envisage speaking, listening and reading exercises, encourage students to discuss the problem of corruption around the world and its impact on the contemporary society, and organise functional usage and efficient acquisition of language material.

Conceptual alterations in the development of general language theory of nomination are considered in the article. They have defined the status of science-oriented cognitive nomination and the status of naïve-cognitive nomination. The mechanisms of functioning of cognitive-frame theory on the flora naming materials are classified in the article. Nominative frames of flora nomination participate more actively under the indirect meaning of flora objects through exocentric compounds. The indirect nomination gives the possibility to represent nominatively those facts, which are impossible to represent by direct meaning. In this case the nominator uses the transponation mechanism. The theory of non-obvious knowledge explains cognitive-frame essence of namings among nature’s objects. Cognitive-frame flora nomination is interpreted in the terms of prototype’s semantic theory, the theory of rema holding as “figure and ground”, the relevance/nonrelevance theory and also the theory of logical-semantic introduction. Extrapolation of these theories in the sphere of floranimic macrofield has given grounds to explain its heterogeneous nature. Microfield of parametric namings of plants is motivated by informative-ethic and emotional factors. From the volume of motivation-nominative qualities the one, which is called “form” of the plant, is the most numerous and is represented by indirect exocentric nomination. Microfield of pragmatic namings of plants is motivated by discourse-logical factors, the volume of indirect nomination has greatly descreased, exocentric nomination is not present wholly. The same situation is with the microfield of locative-temporal flora namings qualities.

The translators of fiсtion, drama and poetry from Russian into English have to render the Russian vision of foreigners while representing some literary characters. According to a time-honoured pattern foreigners have been depicted more often in a comic or humorous way. In Russian classical literature, in humorous context authors tended to embody the traditional stereotypes of foreigners, sometimes incorporating the ethnic nicknames which had been created long before the epoch of political correctness.

Code-switching and code-mixing are considered dynamic conversational phenomena in interpersonal interactions, that is an alteration between two or more languages, dialectal variants, language registers, and it is an effective communicative strategy which Persian-English bilinguals consider a genuine thing in their ordinary speech practice. The focus of the present study is on the structural analysis of reverse code-switching between Persian and English that are known to be referred to two typologically different languages. Participants of the present research, all late bilinguals, reported on frequent use of code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM) in everyday language practice. CS/CM is quite normal and frequent among Iranian bilinguals, especially in informal settings where bilingual speakers can freely switch between their languages. Furthermore, the results revealed that Iranian bilinguals switch from English to Persian and in verso mostly at the lexical and the phrasal levels (intrasentential switching mode), but less frequently at the clausal or the sentence level (intersentential switching mode). The research states that there are some restrictions on inserting English verbs into the Persian syntactic frame: the Persian language is thought to be the matrix language and the preverbal part comes from English as the embedded language, such incongruity between the morphosyntactic structure and the verbal system of the Persian and English languages impose some constraints on the occurrence of switching codes between the pair of the languages under study.

Finding an aspect of life in which we do not rely on technology is almost impossible in an era in which its benefits are used to the utmost. Rapid technological changes and quickly growing knowledge base demand from us to acquire informational skills efficiently, which indirectly lead to improvements and updates in the teaching process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the scope of modernization of the teaching process in our country. A research was conducted in order to determine the extent of use of YouTube (as an important digital medium) and the Internet in general at a high school level. An overview of the prevailing attitudes on this topic is given, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of YouTube in the context of language learning. Results of the research that was conducted among the high school students in Leposavić are given in the main part of the paper. Finally, suggestions for selection of suitable teaching/learning video-contents were given, as well as recommendations for potential additional research in the future.

The article belongs to the field of ethnogrammar, a branch of linguistics founded by Anna Wierzbicka, and the main goal of which is the reconstruction of cultural specificity on the basis of grammatical analysis. The analysis of grammar in the ethnocultural aspect enables us to reveal the ethnocultural factors which might have served as the backbone of certain grammatical categories or might explain the grammatical changes happening here and now. The aim of the article is the analysis of the category of voice in the ethnocultural aspect and elucidation of the ethnological factors which determine the choice of voice forms in various types of discourse. The choice of this category as the object of study is determined by the fact that it presents one of the most culture-sensitive categories and it reflects most fully the specificity of the nation’s mentality, its cultural values as well as the specificity of communication ethnostyle. The author shows the evolution of views on the essence of the category of voice in the context of changing paradigms of scientific knowledge, presents the essence of voice relations viewed from the functional and cognitive-discursive points of view and attempts to elucidate the ethnocultural factors which determine the choice of both categorical and noncategorial voice forms in various types of discourse. One of these factors is the ‘doing’ type of Anglo culture, and especially American culture in which a human being is presented as an active agent, a creator of his/her destiny and it finds reflection in the language consciousness and in the language units, including the choice of voice forms. Among other important factors which determine the necessity and expediency of using the passive constructions the author points out the following:a deliberate wish not to point out the agent of the action in accordance with the politeness principle;an attempt to avoid responsibility for one’s actions; 3) the intention to impart a generalizing meaning to one’s own opinion by disguising it as a general rule. All this enables the author to make a conclusion about the significance of discourse culture for the realization of voice forms as well as about the discourse variability of voice functions.

IThe article deals with the peculiarities of the formation of the semantics of phraseological units (hereinafter - PUs) of the English language that transmit information about a human being. The aim of the work is to give a detailed consideration of metonymic cognitive models that are consistently traced in the formation of the semantics of the studied PUs. Attention is drawn to the fact that the information already presented in the linguistic picture of the world is used to represent knowledge about a human being using PUs. It serves as the basis for secondary interpretation during the formation of the PUs semantics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present the adaptation of the Situation-Problem- Response-Evaluation (SPRE) critical thinking framework, originally developed by Dr. Hannigan [10], to a wide range of engineering projects in the English language course for undergraduates. Each student in a SPRE team acts in accordance with an assigned role and lives through the same stages, such as finding and processing information, selecting and evaluating sources, problem solving, presenting their position in the ‘panel’ discussion’ and report writing as the final stage. Thus, the language is practiced in all four modalities and in the professional context. The authors share their experience in introducing professional English through projects ranging from wide- scope inter-domain problem-solving tasks to narrow - scope problems drawn from a particular subject area. They suggest supplementing this scheme with an initial stage, where students draft and redraft their proposals for further research after getting peer-and teacher feedback. This stage enables students to identify the research gap and narrow down the ‘problem’ or the aim of the project. SPRE projects meet the request for professional English (ESP) from the university subject departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networking services, such as Facebook, are important channels of communication both for monolingual users and for those having various degrees of proficiency in L2, with the latter deploying expression both from L1 and L2. It can, therefore, be presumed that communication on FB plays a role in practicing the use of L2. One of the phenomena that can be examined in relation to that are various forms of code-switching. There is an immense research gap related to Polish-English code-switching appearing on this SNS. To obtain a full picture of the issue, the paper identifies and discusses types, strategies, and functions of Polish-English code-switches found in posts and comments published by Poles on Facebook in 2014–2019. It also indicates possible applications of FB tools and materials including CS in foreign language teaching and learning and shows how Facebook enables “social learning” (Mallia, 2013). The research is based on a corpus constructed by the author of this article. An integrated approach with both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis is used in the paper. Three main CS types (intrasentential, intersentential, and tag-switching) and strategies (alternation, insertion, and congruent lexicalisation) have been attested in the material. The code-switches mostly indicate in-group membership but also, for example, introduce humor, quotes, and signal a lack of L1 equivalents. The study points out that there are certain relations between the types, strategies and functions. The results of the research are collated with the recent studies on Polish-English and Indonesian-English CS on Facebook.