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The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources and their detrimental impact on the environment necessitates the exploration of renewable energy alternatives. Biomass stands out as a reliable renewable source, especially in multigeneration systems. This study suggests a biomass-driven multigeneration configuration for the production of electricity, heating, hydrogen, and freshwater. The configuration is evaluated from thermodynamic and economic perspectives, utilizing an Artificial Neural Network to predict key outcomes. The system optimization process integrates Machine Learning with decision-making methods to achieve optimal conditions. The findings highlight that an anode-cathode gas recycling design is the most effective configuration for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell unit, achieving a cycle efficiency of 67.68% and a product cost of $11.41/GJ. Municipal Solid Waste biomass and CO 2 were identified as the most efficient fuel and gasification agents, respectively. The evaluations also determined that the integration of the multi-objective grey wolf optimizer and the CatBoost method is the most reliable machine learning model for optimization. Furthermore, by combining the Multi-Objective Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm with TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Fuzzy decision-making approaches, the system achieves optimal performance across multiple scenarios. In one scenario, the system reached an exergy efficiency of 67.68% and a hydrogen production rate of 22.34 kg/h. The optimum recycling ratios for the anode and cathode were determined to be 0.16 and 0.38, respectively. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed configuration, offering significant potential for sustainable and cost-effective energy generation. • Biomass multigeneration system for power, hydrogen, and freshwater generation. • System optimized via MOGWO-CatBoost and multi-objective techniques. • Achieveing 67.68% efficiency with a product cost of $11.41/GJ. • MSW and CO 2 selection as the most efficient biomass and gasification agents. • Producing 22.34 kg/h hydrogen with integrated freshwater production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a novel multiple-cycle generation system for efficient heat recovery at high and low temperatures. The system is modeled and optimized using the M2EP analysis method (mass, energy, exergy, and performance) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The multigeneration system produces electricity, cold, domestic hot water, and biogas by utilizing Kalina cycles, diffusion–absorption refrigeration machines, and high-performance heat exchangers by harnessing waste heat from cement kiln exhaust gases. The Kalina cycle is employed for electricity generation, wherein the H2O+NH3 mixture, heated by hot water, circulates through heat exchangers. Downstream of the Kalina cycle, the refrigeration machine generates cold by evaporating the strong solution of the H2O+NH3 mixture. Hydrogen circulates in the diffusion–absorption refrigerator (DAR) circuit, facilitating the exchange between the evaporator and the absorber. The domestic hot water and biogas production systems operate at lower temperatures (around 45 °C). The simulation results for the Kalina cycle indicate an electrical energy production of 2565.03 kW, with a release of usable energy (residual gases) estimated at 7368.20 kW and a thermal efficiency of 22.15%. Exergy destruction is highest at heat exchanger 1, accounting for 26% of the total. A coefficient of performance of 0.268 and an evaporator temperature of 10.57 °C were obtained for the DAR cycle. The absorber contributes the most to energy exchanges, comprising 37% of the entire circuit. Summarizing the potential for valorizing waste heat from cement kilns, this article lays the foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geothermal energy is a promising solution to provide multiple outputs at different temperatures and under different conditions. In this current work, a geothermally powered multigeneration cycle is planned, suggested and studied including a Kalina cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, a thermoelectric generators, a double effect absorption refrigeration system, a dryer, a domestic water heater, a multi-effect desalination processes, a greenhouse, and hydrogen production and storage units. The main objective of this study is to generate power, cooling, heating, hot water, drying, greenhouse heating, hydrogen, oxygen, and freshwater in an environmentally harmless approach. An elaborated thermodynamic analysis of the developed research is calculated by energy and exergy efficiency methods. Furthermore, the parametric modeling is employed to calculate the effect of significant variables on the examined study and subsystems' efficiency. Looking the analysis's findings reveal that the evaluated model's net power generation rate is approximately 298 k W. Additionally, the cooling and heating rates of this integrated combined plant are 1169 k W and 1783 k W , respectively. Moreover, the examined plant produces 0.000392 k g / s of hydrogen and 2.77 k g / s of freshwater. Finally, the examined cycle energy and exergy performance is computed as 0.4248 and 0.3826, respectively. • A new design geothermal energy based combined plant is proposed. • Investigating the integration of the different subsystems. • To examine the fresh water and green hydrogen generation with geothermal energy. • To conduct comprehensive thermodynamic performance analysis. • The overall energy and exergy efficiencies are 0.4248 and 0.3826, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a novel multiple-cycle generation system for efficient heat recovery at high and low temperatures. The system is modeled and optimized using the M2EP analysis method (mass, energy, exergy, and performance) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The multigeneration system produces electricity, cold, domestic hot water, and biogas by utilizing Kalina cycles, diffusion–absorption refrigeration machines, and high-performance heat exchangers by harnessing waste heat from cement kiln exhaust gases. The Kalina cycle is employed for electricity generation, wherein the H2O+NH3 mixture, heated by hot water, circulates through heat exchangers. Downstream of the Kalina cycle, the refrigeration machine generates cold by evaporating the strong solution of the H2O+NH3 mixture. Hydrogen circulates in the diffusion–absorption refrigerator (DAR) circuit, facilitating the exchange between the evaporator and the absorber. The domestic hot water and biogas production systems operate at lower temperatures (around 45 °C). The simulation results for the Kalina cycle indicate an electrical energy production of 2565.03 kW, with a release of usable energy (residual gases) estimated at 7368.20 kW and a thermal efficiency of 22.15%. Exergy destruction is highest at heat exchanger 1, accounting for 26% of the total. A coefficient of performance of 0.268 and an evaporator temperature of 10.57 °C were obtained for the DAR cycle. The absorber contributes the most to energy exchanges, comprising 37% of the entire circuit. Summarizing the potential for valorizing waste heat from cement kilns, this article lays the foundation for future research.

Development of the multigeneration plants based on the simultaneous production of water and energy can solve many of the current problems of these two major fields. In addition, the integration of fossil power plants with waste heat recovery processes in order to prevent the release of pollutants in the environment can simultaneously cover the environmental and thermodynamic improvements. Besides, the addition of a carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing cycles with such plants is a key issue towards a sustainable environment. Accordingly, a novel waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a carbon dioxide separation/liquefaction cycle is proposed and investigated under multi-variable assessments (energy/exergy, financial, and environmental). The offered multigeneration system is able to generate various beneficial outputs (electricity, liquefied CO2 (L-CO2), natural gas (NG), and freshwater). In the offered system, the liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy is used to carry out condensation processes, which is a relatively new idea. Based on the results, the outputs rates of net power, NG, L-CO2, and water were determined to be approximately 42.72 MW and 18.01E+03, 612 and 3.56E+03 kmol/h, respectively. Moreover, the multigeneration plant was efficient about 32.08% and 87.72%, respectively, in terms of energy and exergy. Economic estimates indicated that the unit product costs of electricity and liquefied carbon dioxide production, respectively, were around 0.0466 USD per kWh and 0.0728 USD per kg-CO2. Finally, the total released CO2 was about 0.034 kg per kWh. According to a comprehensive comparison, the offered multigeneration plant can provide superior environmental, thermodynamic, and economic performances compared to similar plants. Moreover, there was no need to purchase electricity from the grid.

Rise in demand for energy and emission from fossil fuels has become a thing of concern to researchers and Engineers. It is one thing to provide the energy needed by the society, and another to produce a clean and eco-friendly power supply. In this study, a thermodynamic and economic modelling of a solar-driven multigeneration power plant (MGPP) integrated with a PEM Electrolyzer for hydrogen production is examined. The performance indicators considered include energy and exergy efficiencies, net work, energetic and exergetic COP, cooling rate. Results of the thermodynamic analysis show that the energy and exergy efficiencies excluding the fuel cell was 28.57% and 34.79% respectively; when the fuel cell was incorporated, the energy and exergy efficiencies were respectively 24.45% and 34.63%. The energetic and exegetic COP was 0.609 and 0.281 respectively. Additionally, net work, cooling rate, and hydrogen production were respectively 52.75kW, 86.83kW, and 0.0114kg/s. The economic analysis indicates a unit cost of electricity (UCOE) at $0.025/kWh, a life cycle cost of $0.1097 and a payback period of 4years was achieved. The developed multigeneration system is technically and economically viable with net zero CO2 emissions. It can also serve as an alternative option to fossil-powered plants and sectors with less energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel geothermal-based multigeneration system is designed and evaluated in energy, exergy and economic (3E) analyses. Besides 3E analyses, multi-objective optimization has been assessed to reach the highest exergetic effectiveness and the lowest total cost rate. To evaluate the designed plant, thermodynamic balance equations are assigned to all sub-systems found in the design. These equations are solved by using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. According to the analyses' results, with base parameters, total power production is 1951 kW, the hydrogen generation rate is 0.0015 kg/s, and the whole energy and exergy efficiencies are 59.53% and 53.17%. The economic analysis performed for the multigeneration system indicates that the total cost rate is 186 $/h, and the levelized energy cost is 0.102 $/kWh. These results indicate that the designed geothermal-based multigeneration system performs better than a single-generation plant in terms of efficiency and cost. [Display omitted] • A new geothermal energy-based multinational plant is presented. • A detailed thermodynamically assessment for more effective design is performed. • Energy and exergy efficiencies for the present combined plant are evaluated. • Exergoeconomic assessment and optimization of this plant are conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, effective and low-emission energy systems have been needed to combat environmental problems and to satisfy the growing energy requirement in a sustainable way. In this case, it has gained importance to the production of different useful commodities with the multigeneration plant that is obtained by integrating different systems. With this viewpoint, the key objective of this work is to design and analyze the solar collector and combustion chamber-assisted multigeneration model for power, heating, hydrogen, ammonia and freshwater generation. A newly designed plant comprises a gas turbine cycle, which includes a parabolic dish solar collector and combustion chamber, a Rankine power plant, a multi-effect desalination part, a hydrogen generation part, an ammonia generation part, and a solid oxide fuel cell unit. Comprehensive thermodynamic modeling, economic analysis and multiobjective optimization are executed to observe the performance of the whole plant and sub-system by employing energetic and exergetic approaches. Moreover, a parametric investigation is addressed to review the impacts of some important point changes on the modeled plant's efficiency. Analyses consequences display that the power and hydrogen generation amounts are 12,835 kW and 0.0607 kgs−1. Also, freshwater generation capacity with desalination unit is computed as 4.89 kgs−1. Moreover, total cost rate of the modeled plant is computed as 1074 $/h. Finally, the evaluated plant's energetic and exergetic efficiency is 58.38% and 54.21%, respectively. • A new design multigeneration plant is proposed and analyzed. • A new multigeneration plant is investigated for generating of power, heating, ammonia, freshwater, and hydrogen. • A comprehensive thermo-economic analysis is conducted. • To determine the optimum point (i.e., lowest cost and maximize exergy efficiency) an optimization study is addressed. • This proposed plant has 58.38% energy efficiency and 54.21% exergy efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the net-zero emissions strategy adopted to struggle global warming and environmental difficulties, the effective utilization of clean energy sources is important. In this framework, geothermal sources are an important renewable energy sources and offer many advantages. In the developed new research, a geothermal energy-supported combined configuration is considered and proposed for sustainable hydrogen, power, freshwater, hot water, and drying. In this system, an exhaustive thermodynamic examination, -energy, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction-, as well as an economic analysis are carried out. This newly designed configuration comprises a flash-geothermal circuit, a transcritical CO 2 fluid Rankine plant (tRC), a dryer, a multi-effect desalination (MED) component, and a Proton exchange membrane (PEME) and hydrogen storage units. In light of the analysis outcomes, the power generation load of the system is 1587 kW and the hydrogen quantity is calculated 0.00223 kg/s. In addition, the thermodynamic performance indicators, which are energetic and energetic performance of the tRC are determined as 10.91% and 41.68%. Moreover, the energetic efficiency of the modeled configuration is determined to be 23.18%, whereas the exergetic performance indicator is found to be 28.57%. Regarding the economic cost evaluations, the total cost of this model is calculated as 171.5 $ /h. • A sustainable power and hydrogen generation is proposed. • The thermodynamic and economic analyses are conducted. • To design a sustainable geothermal energy based combined plant. • Green hydrogen generation and storage unit is integrated in combine system. • Energy and exergy efficiency is computed as 23.18% and 28.57%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative multigeneration plant driven by a solid oxide fuel cell unit is regarded in this meticulous examination. The plausibility of the expressed plant is substantiated with regarding economic, thermodynamic and environmental concepts as the utmost efficacious equipment for operating evaluation of the thermal systems. An ejector refrigeration system beside a PEM electrolyzer are employed for cooling and hydrogen production. Furthermore, a heat recovery heat exchanger is employed for heating purposes. All subsystems are cautiously investigated and validated considering the reliable reports. The findings portrayed that the introduced multigeneration system can generate cooling load, heating capacity, net output power, and H 21 rate of 84.421 k W , 2771 k W , 184.21 k W , and 1.4331 k g / h , respectively. In this occasion, the first-law efficiency, exergetic efficiency, product overall cost, and environmental penalty cost are calculated 79.57 % , 33.92 % , 897.7 $ / G J , and 0.3527 $ / h , respectively. Also, among all constituents, the superior portion of exergy destruction attributed to the solid oxide fuel cell module by 783.31 k W , approximately 35.6 % of the overall exergy destruction rate. Meantime, a thoroughgoing parametric evaluation of the set-up is established and it is illustrated that the suggested multigeneration plant's exergetic efficiency can be maximized according to the inlet temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell unit, compression ratio, and solid oxide fuel cell current density. Moreover, the product cost rate of the plant can be minimized with ejector motive fluid pressure, solid oxide fuel cell inlet temperature, and gas turbine outlet pressure. • A novel MGS driven by a hybrid SOFC/GT system is recommended. • The proposed integrated system is assessed from 4E analysis standpoint. • Effects of some critical parameters are investigated on the proposed MGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of the multigeneration plants based on the simultaneous production of water and energy can solve many of the current problems of these two major fields. In addition, the integration of fossil power plants with waste heat recovery processes in order to prevent the release of pollutants in the environment can simultaneously cover the environmental and thermodynamic improvements. Besides, the addition of a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capturing cycles with such plants is a key issue towards a sustainable environment. Accordingly, a novel waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a carbon dioxide separation/liquefaction cycle is proposed and investigated under multi-variable assessments (energy/exergy, financial, and environmental). The offered multigeneration system is able to generate various beneficial outputs (electricity, liquefied CO 2 (L-CO 2 ), natural gas (NG), and freshwater). In the offered system, the liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy is used to carry out condensation processes, which is a relatively new idea. Based on the results, the outputs rates of net power, NG, L-CO 2 , and water were determined to be approximately 42.72 MW and 18.01E+03, 612 and 3.56E+03 kmol/h, respectively. Moreover, the multigeneration plant was efficient about 32.08% and 87.72%, respectively, in terms of energy and exergy. Economic estimates indicated that the unit product costs of electricity and liquefied carbon dioxide production, respectively, were around 0.0466 USD per kWh and 0.0728 USD per kg-CO 2 . Finally, the total released CO 2 was about 0.034 kg per kWh. According to a comprehensive comparison, the offered multigeneration plant can provide superior environmental, thermodynamic, and economic performances compared to similar plants. Moreover, there was no need to purchase electricity from the grid., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)