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Background: One of the most important causes of cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Lifestyle modification has been emphasized in preventing and controlling blood pressure. This research aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention by application of PRECEDE‐PROCEED model on lifestyle change in hypertensive patients in the villages of Fasa City, Fars Province, Iran. Methods: This research is a quasi‐experimental study that was conducted on 300 hypertensive patients in 2020–2021. Data gathering tools were a demographic information questionnaire, a questionnaire based on the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model, and a lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ). The educational intervention consisted of ten sessions lasting 45 or 50 min. Before and 6 months after the educational intervention, the two groups each completed a questionnaire. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, as well as physical exercise and health variables, nutrition and weight control, mental health, and spiritual health were measured before and 6 months after the educational intervention. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before in cues of PRECEDE‐PROCEED model; however, the experimental group had a significant increase in cues of PRECEDE‐PROCEED model 6 months after the intervention. The results showed that the experimental group had a significant increase 6 months after the intervention in terms of physical exercise and health variables, nutrition and weight control, mental health, and spiritual health. The mean blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic) in the experimental group was significantly reduced after the intervention. Conclusions: The study's results showed the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE‐PROCEED model on lifestyle change in hypertensive patients. It also highlights the need to pay further attention to the education aimed at controlling hypertension through a healthy lifestyle and correct behavioral habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hypertensive individuals has emerged as a significant public health issue. However, current research has ignored the individual heterogeneity of perceived social support (PSS) among hypertensive patients. The potential mechanism of delay discounting (DD), living alone, and PSS on HRQoL remains unclear, and further exploration is required. Aim: This study aimed to ascertain PSS profiles among hypertensive patients and examine the hypotheses that DD mediates the relationship between PSS and HRQoL and that this mediating process is moderated by living alone in hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jiangsu, China. In total, 1815 hypertensive patients completed socio-demographic and HRQoL questionnaires, a PSS scale, and a DD task. Data analyses included a latent profile analysis, χ2-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS macro for regression analysis. Results: Four potential PSS profiles were identified: lowest (3.2%), moderate–low (26.6%), moderate–high (42.4%), and highest (27.8%). DD mediated the association between PSS and HRQoL. The first half of this mediating process was moderated by living alone. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that PSS, DD, and living alone significantly influence the HRQoL of individuals with hypertension. Healthcare professionals should consider variations in PSS among hypertensive patients and implement interventions to reduce DD by enhancing PSS, in order to improve the HRQoL of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background At present, no studies explored whether dietary fiber intake was associated with the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in hypertensive patients. This study assessed the association between dietary fiber intake and PAD in hypertensive patients. Methods This cross-sectional study collected the data of 4628 participants with the measurement of ankle-brachial pressure index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables associated with PAD as confounding factors. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between dietary fiber intake and PAD in hypertensive patients. Subgroup analysis was stratified by age, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and physical activity. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, decreased risk of PAD was observed in hypertensive patients with dietary fiber intake > 21 g [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.99]. Compared with people with dietary fiber intake ≤ 21 g, those with dietary fiber intake > 21 g were associated with decreased risk of PAD in hypertensive patients 21 g were associated with reduced risk of PAD (OR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.95). Decreased risk of PAD was also found in hypertensive patients without diabetes in dietary fiber intake > 21 g group (OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.31–0.78). Dietary fiber intake > 21 g was linked with reduced risk of PAD in hypertensive patients in never smoke group (OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.24–0.86). Conclusion Higher dietary fiber intake was associated with reduced risk of PAD in hypertensive patients, suggesting the importance of increase the daily dietary quality especially fiber intake in hypertensive people.

Abstract Background Hypertension is the number one risk factor for cardiovascular death worldwide and its prevalence has been on the increase in LMICs including Nigeria. There is an increasing awareness and recognition of the contributions of the community health workers (CHWs) in the healthcare system. This study assessed their current role in the management of hypertension and patient satisfaction with the care received. Methods A mixed method study (cross-sectional study of 381 CHWs and key informant interview of 14 patients with hypertension selected using multi-stage and purposive sampling respectively) was conducted across five states in different geopolitical zones of Nigeria to assess the role of CHWs in hypertension management and the patients’ level of satisfaction with services of CHWs. Chi-square test was used to assess relationship between categorical variables. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis of the text data from the KII was done using Nvivo® version 12 pro. Results A total of 381 CHWs completed the study. They were predominantly males (63%) with mean age of 40.96 ± 12.51 years. Only about one-third of the CHWs (31%) could correctly diagnose hypertension while only 15% knew the base-line investigations to be requested. Being female (FE = 9.205, p = 0.008) and resident in northwest geopolitical region (χ2 = 20.920, p

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence and influencing factors of stroke among community-dwelling hypertensive patients in Nanshan district of Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, to provide a reference for hypertension management and stroke prevention and control in communities. MethodsWe collected data on 47 432 hypertensive patients with complete information registered in the Shenzhen Community Health Service Information System from January 2021 to May 2022. The prevalence of stroke among the patients was analyzed, and a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors influencing the prevalence of stroke in this population. ResultsOf the 47 432 hypertensive patients, 3 630 (7.65%) had stroke, with a significantly higher prevalence of stroke in male hypertensive patients (8.34%, [2 144/25 696]) than in female patients (6.84%, [1 486/21 736]) (χ2 = 37.846, P < 0.001). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, hypertension for more than 5 years, smoking, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and higher creatinine levels were risk factors for stroke in patients; conversely, being female, having an education level of junior high school or higher, being physically active (not for female patients), taking antihypertensive medication, and having higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (for both male and female patients) and higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) (for male patients only) were protective factors against stroke. ConclusionThe prevalence of stroke among community-dwelling hypertensive patients in Nanshan district, Shenzhen city, is relatively low. Gender, age, educational level, duration of hypertension, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, the use of antihypertensive medication, and levels of creatinine, TC, TG, and LDL-C are the main factors influencing the prevalence of stroke in this population.

Background: At present, no studies explored whether dietary fiber intake was associated with the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in hypertensive patients. This study assessed the association between dietary fiber intake and PAD in hypertensive patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected the data of 4628 participants with the measurement of ankle-brachial pressure index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables associated with PAD as confounding factors. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between dietary fiber intake and PAD in hypertensive patients. Subgroup analysis was stratified by age, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and physical activity. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, decreased risk of PAD was observed in hypertensive patients with dietary fiber intake > 21 g [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.99]. Compared with people with dietary fiber intake ≤ 21 g, those with dietary fiber intake > 21 g were associated with decreased risk of PAD in hypertensive patients < 60 years (OR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.08–0.66). In hypertensive patients without dyslipidemia, dietary fiber intake > 21 g were associated with reduced risk of PAD (OR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.95). Decreased risk of PAD was also found in hypertensive patients without diabetes in dietary fiber intake > 21 g group (OR = 0.50, 95%CI 0.31–0.78). Dietary fiber intake > 21 g was linked with reduced risk of PAD in hypertensive patients in never smoke group (OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.24–0.86). Conclusion: Higher dietary fiber intake was associated with reduced risk of PAD in hypertensive patients, suggesting the importance of increase the daily dietary quality especially fiber intake in hypertensive people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is the number one risk factor for cardiovascular death worldwide and its prevalence has been on the increase in LMICs including Nigeria. There is an increasing awareness and recognition of the contributions of the community health workers (CHWs) in the healthcare system. This study assessed their current role in the management of hypertension and patient satisfaction with the care received. Methods: A mixed method study (cross-sectional study of 381 CHWs and key informant interview of 14 patients with hypertension selected using multi-stage and purposive sampling respectively) was conducted across five states in different geopolitical zones of Nigeria to assess the role of CHWs in hypertension management and the patients' level of satisfaction with services of CHWs. Chi-square test was used to assess relationship between categorical variables. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis of the text data from the KII was done using Nvivo® version 12 pro. Results: A total of 381 CHWs completed the study. They were predominantly males (63%) with mean age of 40.96 ± 12.51 years. Only about one-third of the CHWs (31%) could correctly diagnose hypertension while only 15% knew the base-line investigations to be requested. Being female (FE = 9.205, p = 0.008) and resident in northwest geopolitical region (χ2 = 20.920, p < 0.001) had statistically significant associations with appropriate diagnostic skills for hypertension. Being supervised by doctors was associated with appropriate knowledge of baseline investigations for hypertension (χ2 = 5.534, p = 0.019). Mostly, hypertensive patients reported positive experiences and satisfaction with the services provided by the CHWs. Conclusions: Community health workers currently have critical contributions in the management of hypertension in Nigeria. Hypertensive patients generally reported satisfactory experience with CHWs managing them. The services rendered by CHWs can be improved upon by adequate supervision and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duplex ultrasound (DUS) has become one of the main assessing methods for carotid diseases. Duplex ultrasound uses two techniques, traditional B-mode ultrasound and Doppler US. The screening of carotid artery stenosis using ultrasonography is essential for not only daily clinical settings but also management of patients with stiffness in carotid artery through the cross sectional area of the carotid artery. By comparing the people of rural and urban area, we will know about the stiffness caused by pollution. Objective: To compare the Carotid Artery Stiffness in adults belonging to Urban and Rural areas of Punjab by ultrasonography. Methodology: It was cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Department of Diagnostic Radiology, at Nishtar Hospital, Sehat Medical Complex, Lahore. Duration of study was 7 months. Total sample size was 135. Result: In urban areas, the mean RCC stiffness was notably higher at 324.13 compared to the rural population's lower mean of 222.20. Similarly, the LCC stiffness in urban adults exhibited a higher mean of 329.52, while rural adults showed a lower mean of 239.34. The diameter measurements during systole and diastole also displayed variations between urban and rural settings. RCC diameter during diastole showed a statistically significant difference with an urban mean of 0.27 compared to the rural mean of 0.24. Conclusion: Urban populations exhibited significantly higher RCC and LCC stiffness compared to rural counterparts. Additionally, urban individuals demonstrated larger RCC diameters during systole and diastole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension, a significant health problem affecting around 1.28 billion persons aged 30 to 79 years and when not treated causes life-threatening complications which can damage vital organs leading to death. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) are important influential factors towards the treatment process of hypertension and lack of these may dangerously affect the health status of hypertensive patients. The main aim of this study was to determine the level of KAP regarding hypertension among hypertensive patients in an outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital, Selangor. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 101 hypertensive patients using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 27.0 and presented in frequencies, percentages and Pearson chi-square. Results: This study found that the scores for the level of knowledge (good = 51.5%; fair = 25.7%; poor = 22.8%), attitude (good = 84.84%; fair = 8.9%; poor = 6.9%), and practice (good = 65.3%; fair = 26.7%; poor = 7.9%) among the participants were averagely high. In addition, there was an association between the level of knowledge and practice (p = 0.042) and attitude and practice (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Although the result showed positive outcomes, it is very important for healthcare personnel to continuously assess these levels as the prevalence of hypertension is still on the rise and the need arises to develop more appropriate educational and self-management programs to improve the health status and prevent complications among these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Egypt lacks awareness regarding the positive influence of reflexology along with aerobic training (AT) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with hypertension (HTN). Objective: We aim to determine reflexology and AT effects on the insomnia severity index (ISI) and QoL of HTN patients. Methods: This study enrolled 40 HTN female patients aged 35-45 years who were equally divided into groups A and B. Groups A and B participants were provided with medications and peddling training, while Group B participants also received reflexology. The treatment protocol consisted of an eight-week program with three sessions per week. After the fourweek treatment protocol, a post-evaluation (post-1) was conducted and was repeated after another four-week treatment (post-2). The participants underwent assessment for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ISI, and a 36-item short-form survey (SF-36), a general QoL measure, pre- and post-treatment. Results: The results revealed significant discrepancies in the assessed variable between both groups pre- and post-treatment (post-1/2). When comparing the post-treatment values (post- 1/2) of the evaluated variable between groups A and B, incorporating reflexology and AT, such as peddling training, into the physical treatment program is recommended. Conclusion: The study highlights the positive impact of reflexology and AT on the QoL and ISI of female HTN patients, recommending their incorporation into treatment programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is one of the most influential cardiovascular diseases that can lead to organ disorders such as heart dysfunction or stroke and hypertension is often discovered by chance. This disease can interfere with the work of other organs if left untreated, especially the heart and kidneys. Not paying attention to diet, exercise, stress, smoking, and drinking alcohol can all be causes of increased risk of hypertension. To predict people with hypertension and find out the comparison of behavior and lifestyle patterns with hypertension patients using a priori algorithm in the case study of Sei Semayang Health Center. So the results of rapidminer use the apriori algorithm to analyze the Comparison of K the nearest Neighbor Algorithm with the apriori Algorithm to Analyze Lifestyle Patterns in Hypertensive Patients the results obtained is U1 which means there are people with hypertension aged 25-38 years who have more hypertension and the results are H2 which means that people have but do not control to the doctor with a pattern style such as consuming alcohol, Smoking, and lack of exercise, sugar consumption, consumption of saturated fat and foods that contain a lot of salt and rarely consume vegetables or fruits and foods containing MSG then more and more people who have hypertension with an unhealthy lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimTo explore the association between oxidative balance score (OBS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with hypertension, and further clarify the mediating role of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the relationship between OBS and CVD risk.MethodsWe included 4,137 participants with hypertension from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohort. The study endpoint was the incidence of CVD in patients with hypertension. OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary and 4 lifestyle components. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were adopted to assess the associations between OBS and CVD risk, OBS and MMA levels, and MMA levels and CVD risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. We used distribution-of-product method to test for mediation effect, with a presence of mediation indicated by 95% CI that does not include 0 for the distribution-of-product method and 95% CI that does not include 1 for the indirect effect.ResultsTotally 812 developed CVD. In weighted multivariable logistic regression models, lower OBS category (OBS

Extensive research has established the link between PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure (BP) levels among normal individuals. However, the association between PM2.5 components and BP levels in hypertensive patients has not been fully explored. In this study, 12 971 hypertensive cases from Jinchang cohort (in Jinchang City, China) with nearly 9 years of follow-up were enrolled. Based on the linear mixed-effect model, the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and five major components [sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM)]on BP [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP)]were evaluated by single-component model, component-joint model and component-residual model, respectively. A positive correlation was found between PM2.5 as well as its components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, BC and OM) exposure and BP levels. The effects of SO42-, BC and OM on BP were observed to be the most robust among the three models. Based on the results of interaction effects and stratified analysis, the effect of BC exposure on SBP, and the effect of PM2.5 and its five components on PP were greater in female than in males. Compared with elderly hypertensive patients, OM had more significant effects on SBP, DBP and MAP in young and (or) middle-aged hypertensive patients. During the heating season, the effect of PM2.5 and its components on BP was grater compared to the non-heating season. Meanwhile, PM2.5 and its components have a greater influence on BP in patients with hypertension combined with diabetes. Therefore, the findings suggested that both PM2.5 exposure and its components had a significant effect on BP in patients with hypertension. Women and young and middle-aged hypertensive patient were the sensitive population. The implementation of source control and reduction of PM2.5 emission (mainly for SO42-, BC and OM) may be of great significance to control BP level and could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension.

Abstract Background Hypertension is prevalent in China. Hypertensive patients suffer from many health problems in life. Hypertension is a common chronic disease with long-term and lifelong characteristics. In the long run, the existence of chronic diseases will affect the patient’s own health beliefs. However, people’s health beliefs about Hypertension are not explicit. Therefore, it is vital to find a suitable instrument to comprehend and improve the health beliefs of hypertensive patients, thus, better control of blood pressure and improvement of patient’s quality of life are now crucial issues. This study aimed to translate the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool (HBAT) into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool in hypertensive patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. We translated the HBAT into Chinese and tested the reliability and validity of the Chinese version among 325 hypertensive patients. Results The Chinese version of the scale contains 21 items. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six factors and explained 77.898% of the total variation. A six-factor model eventually showed acceptable fit indices in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). With modified Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the fit indices were Chi-square/Degree of Freedom (CMIN/DF) = 2.491, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.952, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.952, Root-mean-square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.068, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.941. The HBAT exhibits high internal consistency reliability (0.803), and the scale has good discriminant validity. Conclusion The results suggest that the HBAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the beliefs of Chinese hypertensive patients.

The food consumption has a direct effect on the health of an individual. Eating food without awareness of its ingredients may result in eating style-based diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and several others. As per recent WHO survey, the number of persons with hypertension is very large in numbers. There is essentially a need of novel technique that can provide food recommendation to hypertensive persons, out of their multi-food items in their meals. In this research work, Indian multi-food items of the meal are recognized using fine-tuned deep convolutional neural network model. Further, in existing research works, only single food image is recognized, which is not relevant to real-life food consumption. In our proposed approach, contour-based image segmentation technique is used for multi-food meal. In existing research works, no dataset is available on Indian food items for hypertensive persons. The key contribution of this research work is the preparation of Indian food dataset of 30 classes for hypertensive patients. There are 15 Recommended food classes for the hypertensive person and 15 classes are not recommended foods to maintain the class balance (as calibrated through a professional dietitian) (Dr. Shuchi Upadhyay, Dietitian and Nutrition expert, UPES, Dehradun). The novel contribution is to present 'IndianFood30' dataset of hypertensive patients for research purposes. Further, a novel IndianFoodNet model is presented which is trained on these 30 Indian food classes. Several pre-trained models are available for research purposes, but there is no pre-trained model on Indian food for hypertensive persons. Food ingradients exhibit high intra-class variance, and these complex features are extracted using our proposed approach. The accuracy of the proposed approach is compared with state-of-the-art models such as VGGNet, Inception V3, GoogleNet, and ResNet. Our proposed approach is also compared with some recent techniques on some of the existing datasets such as UEC Food-100, UEC Food-256, and Food-101 datasets to show the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model. Experiment analysis validates that our proposed approach outperforms existing approaches significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of patients with hypertension about their condition, adherence to antihypertensive medication, and the factors influencing it. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two cardiology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, in Greece. The study included 188 patients diagnosed with hypertension. The patients' knowledge about their disease and adherence to medication were assessed by using the HK-LS and A-14 scales, respectively. Patients had sufficient knowledge levels about their disease, but significantly low levels of adherence to medication. Patients with higher knowledge levels were more adherent to medications [r(188) = 0.885, p < 0.001]. By using multivariate analysis, higher age (p = 0.018), residence in a more populous area (p = 0.041), more years with the disease (p = 0.012), and a lower number of medications (p = 0.03) were associated with higher levels of knowledge. Conversely, younger age (p = 0.036), lower educational levels (p = 0.048), fewer years with the disease (p = 0.001), and a higher number of medications (p = 0.003) were associated with lower adherence to medication. The Greek patients' hypertension knowledge was sufficient; however, adherence to medication was significantly low. Healthcare managers could utilize our findings to design targeted interventions for improving adherence to medication for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is prevalent in China. Hypertensive patients suffer from many health problems in life. Hypertension is a common chronic disease with long-term and lifelong characteristics. In the long run, the existence of chronic diseases will affect the patient's own health beliefs. However, people's health beliefs about Hypertension are not explicit. Therefore, it is vital to find a suitable instrument to comprehend and improve the health beliefs of hypertensive patients, thus, better control of blood pressure and improvement of patient's quality of life are now crucial issues. This study aimed to translate the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool (HBAT) into Chinese and examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Hypertension Belief Assessment Tool in hypertensive patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. We translated the HBAT into Chinese and tested the reliability and validity of the Chinese version among 325 hypertensive patients. Results: The Chinese version of the scale contains 21 items. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed six factors and explained 77.898% of the total variation. A six-factor model eventually showed acceptable fit indices in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). With modified Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the fit indices were Chi-square/Degree of Freedom (CMIN/DF) = 2.491, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.952, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.952, Root-mean-square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.068, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.941. The HBAT exhibits high internal consistency reliability (0.803), and the scale has good discriminant validity. Conclusion: The results suggest that the HBAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the beliefs of Chinese hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Over the last decade, hypertension (HPT) is among the leading causes of death and morbidity in Ghana. In recent past, most health policy research in Ghana and Africa focussed on communicable diseases. In recent times, Ghana and other developing nations have shifted their attention to non-communicable diseases because most of these countries are going through an epidemiologic transition where there is a surge in the prevalence of HPT. This paper was therefore set out to estimate the cost of treating HPT in Ghana from the patients' and health system's perspectives. Method: We used a cost of illness framework to simulate the cost of HPT management in Ghana taking into account 4 of the common target organ complications with the most mortality implication. A decision analytic model (DAM) was developed in Microsoft® Excel to simulate the progression of HPT patients and the Markov model was employed in simulating the lifetime cost of illness. Results: The results show that by 10 years from diagnosis, the probability of death from any of the 4 complications (ie, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease) is roughly 41.03%. By 20 years (or 243 months) from diagnosis, the probability of death is estimated to be 69.61%. However, by the 30th anniversary, the probability of death among the cohort is 82.3%. Also, the lifetime discounted cost of treating HPT is about GHS 869 106 which could range between GHS 570 239 and GHS 1.202 million if wide uncertainty is taken into account. This is equivalent to USD 119 056 (range: USD 78 115-164 723). Conclusion: By highlighting the lifetime cost of treating HPT in Ghana, policies can be formulated regarding the cost of treating HPT by the non-communicable disease unit and National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) of the Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the longitudinal trajectory of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and its influencing factors in community hypertensive patients. Methods We used data from national basic public health services for nine counties in Shandong Province to conduct a prospective cohort study. Group 一 Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) was used to identify the trajectory of systolic blood pressure. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to describe the changes in trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the trajectories. Results A total of 104 402 hypertension patients were included. The systolic blood pressure trajectories were divided into four groups: Stage 一 1 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (21. 8%), Stage 一 1 high blood pressure stable group (55. 5%), Stage - 2 high blood pressure gradually decreased group (7. 2%) and Stage - 2 high blood pressure increased group (15. 6%). The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in systolic blood pressure values at different time points and different groups (P < 0. 001, P <0. 001). The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that compared with the group with Stage 一 1 high blood pressure gradually decreased, individuals with less education(OR 二 82. 68, 95% C/：75, 60 -90. 42), physical inactivity (OR 二 2. 77, 95% CI: 2, 19 - 3. 50), high frequency of drinking (OR = L 39, 95% CI: 1. 17 一 1. 64), general compliance behavior(OR 二 1. 44, 95% CI: L 18 一 1. 75), intermittent medication(02?二 2. 15, 95% CI: 1. 98 -2. 34) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage - 2 high blood pressure increased. Individuals with increased age (OR 二 1. 03, 95% CI: 1. 02 - 1. 03), and regular medication (OR 二 1. 94, 95% CI: 1.79 - 2. 11) were more likely to be classified into the group with Stage 一 2 high blood pressure gradually decreased. Conclusion The systolic blood pressure trajectories in hypertensive patients can be divided into 4 categories. In the future, we should make more efficient assessments and interventions based on homogeneous populations of systolic blood pressure trajectories and their risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is a serious condition that affects both industrialized and developing nations’ public health. It is an important medical condition that can raise the chance of developing heart, brain, kidney, and other problems. Objective: • To evaluate the effect of green tea and black tea on blood pressure (BP). • To compare the levels of BP among black tea- and green tea-consuming hypertensive patients. • To find out the association between effects of green tea- and black tea-consuming hypertensive patients with selected demographic variables. Methodology: A quasiexperimental research design with the purposive sampling technique was adopted to conduct a study among 60 hypertensive patients. Thirty patients consume black tea, and 30 consume green tea. Data were gathered by structured questionnaires using demographic variables and biological parameters. Result: The calculated Student independent ‘t’ test value of t = 3.216 in the post-test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the post-test levels of systolic BP between the two groups, which was statistically significant at P < 0.01 level. The calculated student independent‘t’ test value of t = 2.986 in the post-test shows that there was a statistically significant difference between the post-test levels of diastolic BP between the two groups, which was statistically significant at P < 0.01 level. Conclusion: Green tea was found to be more effective than black tea in reducing the level of hypertension among the hypertensive clients.

• Cardiovascular outcomes comparison of hypertensive patients with and without crises. • Worse prognosis of patients presenting hypertensive emergencies than urgencies. • An increased rate of cardiovascular hospitalizations and deaths for emergencies. • No prognostical difference between urgencies and hypertensive patients. • Need for more intensive follow-up of patients with hypertensive crises. There are scarce data on the comparative prognosis between patients with hypertensive emergencies (HE), urgencies (HU), and those without HU or HE (HP). Our study aimed to compare cardiovascular (CV) outcomes of HE, HU, and HP during a 12-month follow-up period. The population consisted of 353 consecutive patients presenting with HE or HU in a third-care emergency department and subsequently referred to our hypertension center for follow-up. After both groups completed scheduled follow-up visits, patients with HU were matched one-to-one by age, sex, and hypertension history with HP who attended our hypertension center during the same period. Primary outcomes were 1) a recurrent hypertensive HU or HE event and 2) non-fatal CV events (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or CV interventions), while secondary outcomes were 1) all-cause death, 2) CV death, 3) non-CV death, and 4) any-cause hospitalization. Events were prospectively registered for all three groups. During the study period, 81 patients were excluded for not completing follow-up. Among eligible patients(HE = 94; HU = 178), a total of 90 hospitalizations and 14 deaths were recorded; HE registered greater CV morbidity when compared with HU (29 vs. 9, HR 3.43, 95 % CI 1.7–6.9, p = 0.001), and increased CV mortality (8 vs. 1, HR 13.2, 95 % CI 1.57–110.8, p = 0.017). When opposing HU to HP, events did not differ substantially. Cox regression models were adjusted for age, sex, CV and chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. During 1-year follow-up, the prognosis of HU was better than HE but not different compared to HP. These results highlight the need for improved care of HU and HE. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment adherence is one of the milestones in the care of hypertensive patients, with new information and communication technologies as potential educational tools. This study aimed to evaluate the add-on effect of a digital cartoon educative video on the therapeutic observance of patients followed up in the General Hospital Yaoundé compared to standard of care. We conducted a randomized simple blind clinical trial at the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé General Hospital over a 6-month period from 1st March to 30th August 2022. We enrolled 110 patients and randomized them in blocs of 4 creating two groups of 57 and 53, respectively, without (group 1) and with (group 2) intervention. Preintervention treatment adherence was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). In the standard group (G1), we provided standard paper-based clinical counselling, including oral advice, and in the intervention group (G2), we did the same and added a digital cartoon video containing exactly the same message as images and audio. The primary outcome was medication adherence after three months. The mean age was 56.65 ± 10.98 years in group 1 (paper) and 56.42 ± 10.46 years in group 2 (paper + video), without any significant difference. The two groups were similar regarding the proportion of females (36.8% in G1 and 49.3% in G2) and educational levels. According to the Morisky medication adherence scale, before the intervention, the proportions of patients with good, medium and low treatment adherence in groups 1 and 2 were 7%, 25.6%, 67.4%, and 5.1%, 43.6%, 51.3%, respectively, without any significant difference. After interventions, the proportion of patients presenting a good observance moved from 7 to 11% in group 1 (paper) and 5.1 to 20% in group 2 (paper + video). The intragroup variation in treatment adherence in the intervention group (before-after) tended to be significant, with a p-value = 0.0572, while this p-value was 0.712 in the standard group. Our results provide insight into how digital cartoon videos can help to have an add-on effect on the treatment adherence of hypertensive patients, with clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: To explore the mediating role of self‐esteem in social anxiety and QoL during the COVID‐19 local epidemic in China. Design: A cross‐sectional survey. Methods: This study conveniently selected 344 hypertensive patients from a Grade‐A tertiary hospital in Wuhu, Anhui Province, as the study population. Participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the social phobia inventory, the self‐esteem scale and the 36‐item short‐form health survey. Results: Social anxiety, self‐esteem and QoL were significantly correlated with each other. Social anxiety showed no direct effect on QoL (β = 0.011, p > 0.05). Social anxiety showed an indirect effect on QoL (β = −0.248, p < 0.001). Self‐esteem fully mediated the association between social anxiety and QoL in hypertensive patients. Patient or Public Contribution: Hypertensive patients in this study were participants during the data collection process. Nursing staff from the cardiology department at the hospital of a hospital in Wuhu City, Anhui Province assisted in the recruitment phase of the data collection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop and validate a risk prediction model to estimate the risk of stroke among hypertensive patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.Methods: A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 743 hypertensive patients between September 01/2012 and January 31/2022. The participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Model performance was evaluated using discrimination, calibration, and Brier scores. Internal validity and clinical utility were evaluated using bootstrapping and a decision curve analysis.Results: Incidence of stroke was 31.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 26.0, 37.7). Combinations of six predictors were selected for model development (sex, residence, baseline diastolic blood pressure, comorbidity, diabetes, and uncontrolled hypertension). In multivariable logistic regression, the discriminatory power of the model was 0.973 (95% CI: 0.959, 0.987). Calibration plot illustrated an overlap between the probabilities of the predicted and actual observed risks after 10,000 times bootstrap re-sampling, with a sensitivity of 92.79%, specificity 93.51%, and accuracy of 93.41%. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the net benefit of the model was better than other intervention strategies, starting from the initial point.Conclusion: An internally validated, accurate prediction model was developed and visualized in a nomogram. The model is then changed to an offline mobile web-based application to facilitate clinical applicability. The authors recommend that other researchers eternally validate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Modifiable lifestyle factors can increase or decrease the risk of hypertension. Despite emerging empirical evidence about efficacy of lifestyle modification in blood pressure control, little known and failed to appropriately counsel, hypertensive patients by health professionals on health lifestyle. General objective: The aim of this study is to assess magnitude of lifestyle modification practices and its associated factors among hypertensive patients. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 hypertensive using systematic random sampling at public hospitals in ambo town from March 1–30, 2023. Data was collected using adapted structured questionnaire by interview. Logistic regression analysis model was fitted the data, no Multicollinearity detected among independent variables, Adjusted Odds Ratio at 95 % confidence interval was used, P-values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Descriptive statistic (frequency, mean) used to explain the data. Results: The study has high response rate of 96.9 %. About 56.1 %, (95 % CI: [51.3–61.0]) had a good lifestyle modification practice. In this study, being employed (AOR=3.59, 95 % CI: [1.22–10.54]), Good self-efficacy (AOR=2.92, 95 % CI: [1.06–8.02]), Good knowledge (AOR=3.77 95 % CI: [1.81–7.85]), Normal body mass index (AOR=0.22, 95 % CI: [0.064–0.78]), being underweight (AOR=0.12, 95 % CI: [0.022–0.63]) were factors associated with life style modification practice. Conclusion and recommendation: Life style modification practice is low in this study. Employment, knowledge, self-efficacy, and obesity were significantly associated. Recommendations include, promoting lifestyle modifications, and encouraging healthy behaviors.

Abstract Objectives To explore the mediating role of self‐esteem in social anxiety and QoL during the COVID‐19 local epidemic in China. Design A cross‐sectional survey. Methods This study conveniently selected 344 hypertensive patients from a Grade‐A tertiary hospital in Wuhu, Anhui Province, as the study population. Participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the social phobia inventory, the self‐esteem scale and the 36‐item short‐form health survey. Results Social anxiety, self‐esteem and QoL were significantly correlated with each other. Social anxiety showed no direct effect on QoL (β = 0.011, p > 0.05). Social anxiety showed an indirect effect on QoL (β = −0.248, p

In this paper, starting from exercise prescription and health promotion of hypertension, the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model are optimized using the Bayesian optimization algorithm, and then the BO-XGBoost blood pressure detection model is constructed. The model can estimate blood pressure from the ECG pulse wave signal of hypertensive patients and understand the patient’s blood pressure by PPG signal and ECG signal. For the effect of low-intensity exercise therapy combined with health education on the quality of life and blood pressure of hypertensive patients, experiments of the model and comparative test analysis of quality of life scores were conducted in this paper. From the model detection, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure detected by the BO-XGBoost blood pressure detection model was 118.6 mmHg and 65.2 mmHg, respectively, with an error of 3.03% and 3.83%, respectively, compared with the standard value of blood pressure. In terms of quality of life, the quality of life scores of the control and experimental groups improved by about 14% to 20% after the intervention compared with those before the intervention. This indicates that low-intensity exercise therapy combined with health education can help hypertensive patients improve their blood pressure control and quality of life.

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension in hypertensive patients is a significant public health issue in both developed and developing nations, and it can result in early death and disability on a global scale. Objective: To assess factors associated with uncontrolled BP among adult patients with hypertension attending Enat General Hospital, Ethiopia. Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed from May 1 to June 30, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 403 study participants. Epi-data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 was used to enter and analyze the data respectively. Variables with P-value

Background: Evaluating drug adherence is necessary for improving individuals' compliance with their medications to help them prevent long-term negative outcomes and attain better quality of life. This study aims to determine health literacy levels and their impact on health-related behaviors and medication adherence among hypertensive patients in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed and involved 693 participants with hypertension. Data collection occurred between September and November 2022. Results: The hypertensive patients adequately adhered to their prescribed medications (35.13±4.535) and had marginal health literacy (13.70). There were significant differences between gender and Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) (t=-16.321; p<0.000) and BRIEF (t=-6.611; p<0.000), nationality and MARS-5 (t=-3.252; p=0.001) and BRIEF (t=5.527; p<0.000), age and MARS-5 (F=249.266; p=0.000) and BRIEF (F=44.592; p=0.000), civil status and MARS-5 (F=16.675; p<0.000) and BRIEF (F=38.344; p<0.000), and educational attainment and MARS-5 (F=37.902; p<0.000) and BRIEF (F=49.074; p<0.000). Conversely, BRIEF and MARS-5 were not significantly correlated (r= -0.029; p>0.445). Conclusion: The main findings of this study evolved with adequacy of adherence and marginal health literacy of hypertensive patients. Moreover, there were significant differences between gender, nationality, age, civil status, and educational attainment with and Medication Adherence Report and BRIEF. The BRIEF and MARS-5 were not significantly correlated. This study results can be used to create and implement programs that increase hypertensive patients' knowledge about their medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endotracheal intubation forms an indispensable part of general anesthesia. Various adjuvants have been added to diminish the hemodynamic stress response associated with it. These changes are more marked in hypertensive individuals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine and oral gabapentin and their associated side effects if any; for attenuation of hemodynamic responses following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 hypertensive patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III scheduled for elective surgeries requiring general anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups receiving Group G Tablet gabapentin 800 mg, Group C Tablet clonidine 0.2 mg, and Group P placebo (multivitamin tablets) given 2 h before surgery with a sip of water. The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and adverse events during the perioperative period were noted. The statistical analysis was done by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square test and by SPSS22 software. Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. There was no significant difference at baseline for HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP in all three groups. The mean HR was significantly lower in Group C as compared to Group G and Group P (P

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of patients with hypertension about their condition, adherence to antihypertensive medication, and the factors influencing it. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two cardiology outpatient clinics of two tertiary hospitals, in Greece. The study included 188 patients diagnosed with hypertension. The patients’ knowledge about their disease and adherence to medication were assessed by using the HK-LS and A-14 scales, respectively. Patients had sufficient knowledge levels about their disease, but significantly low levels of adherence to medication. Patients with higher knowledge levels were more adherent to medications [r(188) = 0.885, p < 0.001]. By using multivariate analysis, higher age (p = 0.018), residence in a more populous area (p = 0.041), more years with the disease (p = 0.012), and a lower number of medications (p = 0.03) were associated with higher levels of knowledge. Conversely, younger age (p = 0.036), lower educational levels (p = 0.048), fewer years with the disease (p = 0.001), and a higher number of medications (p = 0.003) were associated with lower adherence to medication. The Greek patients’ hypertension knowledge was sufficient; however, adherence to medication was significantly low. Healthcare managers could utilize our findings to design targeted interventions for improving adherence to medication for these patients.

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on medication adherence has not been studied previously; this cross-sectional survey-based study on hypertensive patients was conducted to determine the impact of COVID-19 on medication adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on hypertensive patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). 500 Patients were selected by a non-probability convenience sampling. The level of medication adherence was measured using a modified questionnaire after reviewing the literature. Data collection was done via interviews and the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The 500 patients divided into 237 (47.4%) male and 263 (52.6%) female participants. 20.6% of the sample were smokers, while the majority of patients were non-smokers. Furthermore, 65% confirmed having other comorbidities. Almost 65% of the sample reported total adherence to their medications. The study considered those that missed more than 7 continuous days of medication to be non-adherent. As such, almost 5.8% of the sample reported non-adherence to their medications which was a noticeable decrease from previous studies. The variables that proved to have an association with medication adherence were level of education, awareness of blood pressure target, forgetfulness as a mental illness symptom, maintenance of social relationships, delays in medication refills and skips in medical appointments. Conclusion: When compared to previous studies, this study revealed an increase in adherence rate, but there was no conclusive evidence of a correlation.

Background: Hypertension is known to be accompanied by various renal and metabolic anomalies. The exact relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and kidney function, especially in hypertensive patients, requires elucidation. Objective: To understand the correlation between SUA levels and kidney function, gauged by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), in a sample size of 342 hypertensive individuals. Methods: Employed a cross-sectional design involving 342 hypertensive participants. SUA was determined using the enzymatic colorimetric technique, while the CKD-EPI equation was utilized to evaluate eGFR. Statistical methodologies were used to identify correlations. Results: A notable inverse correlation between SUA and eGFR was established (r = -0.67, p < 0.001). After accounting for confounding factors, increased SUA was identified as an independent predictor of diminished eGFR.Conclusion: In a sample of 342 hypertensive patients, elevated SUA levels were significantly related to a decline in kidney function. Regular monitoring of SUA may be integral for the management of hypertensive patients, but additional research is required to validate these outcomes and understand potential therapeutic directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension is a form of cardiovascular disorder that results from a wide range of interconnected etiologies. Untreated and uncontrolled hypertension leads to structural and functional abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, ultimately harming the body’s vital organs, e.g., heart, kidneys, and brain. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of medication adherence among hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and descriptive research design. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Department of Medicine, Prince Bijay Singh Memorial Hospital & Associated Group Hospitals, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. The population was 615 hypertensive patients. A nonprobability convenient sampling technique selected the participants. Data collection was done with the help of a demographic profile and Modified Morisky Medication adherence 8-scale. Results: In this study, most subjects (53.98%) were male. Approximately half of the participants (49.75%) had an average level of medication adherence, followed by 38.70% poorly adhering to their prescribed hypertensive regimens. The overall mean medication adherence score was 6.122 ± 1.539. In addition, variables such as age, educational status, other illnesses, regular visits to the doctor, and allergy to drugs were statistically (

Abstract Background Hypertension is a leading risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) is a surrogate of insulin resistance (IR). Few studies explore the association between TyG and the incidence of obstructive CAD (OCAD) in hypertensive patients. Methods We retrospectively screened 1841 hypertensive subjects who were free of a history of CAD and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) because of chest pain. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting TG [mg/dL] * fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The outcome of this research was OCAD, which was defined as the presence of diameter stenosis ≥ 50% in any of the four major epicardial coronary arteries detected on CCTA. Results A total of 310 (16.8%) patients developed obstructive CAD. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between TyG and OCAD and the OR for OCAD increased as the TyG rose over 8.61 (OR perSD) 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.54, p = 0.008). After full adjustments for confounding covariates, patients with TyG index in tertile 3 (T3) had 2.12 times (95% CI 1.80 to 3.81) and in T2 had 2.01 times (95% CI 1.40 to 2.88) as high as the risk of OCAD compared with patients in T1 (p for trend = 0.001). When regarding TyG as a continuous variable, 1-SD increase elevated 49% (OR (95%CI), 1.49 (1.30–1.74)) risk of obstructive CAD (p = 0.007). This positive effect was still consistent across the subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05). Conclusion TyG index was associated with the incidence of obstructive CAD in hypertensive patients.

Abstract Background With the accelerated pace of people’s life and the changing dietary patterns, the number of chronic diseases is increasing and occurring at a younger age in today’s society. The speedily rising hypertensive patients have become one of the main risk factors for chronic diseases. People should focus on health literacy related to salt consumption and reach a better quality of life. Currently, there is a lack of local assessment tools for low salt consumption in mainland China. Objective To develop a short-form version of the Chinese Health Literacy Scale For Low Salt Consumption instrument for use in mainland China. Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted on a sample of 1472 people in Liaoxi, China. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the CHLSalt-22, the measuring change in restriction of salt (sodium) in the diet in hypertensives (MCRSDH-SUST), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Benefit-Finding Scales (BFS) to test the hypothesis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the CHLSalt-22. One month later, 37 patients who participated in the first test were recruited to evaluate the test-retest reliability. Results The CHLSalt-22 demonstrated adequate internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, satisfactory construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity. The CHLSalt-22 count scores were correlated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education level, income, occupation, the Measuring Change in Restriction of Salt (sodium) in Diet in Hypertensives (MCRSDH-SUST), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and the Benefit-Finding Scales (BFS). Conclusion The results indicate that the Chinese Health Literacy Scale For Low Salt Consumption (CHLSalt-22) version has good reliability and validity and can be considered a tool to assess health literacy related to salt consumption in health screenings.

Background: Endotracheal intubation forms an indispensable part of general anesthesia. Various adjuvants have been added to diminish the hemodynamic stress response associated with it. These changes are more marked in hypertensive individuals. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral clonidine and oral gabapentin and their associated side effects if any; for attenuation of hemodynamic responses following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 hypertensive patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III scheduled for elective surgeries requiring general anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups receiving Group G Tablet gabapentin 800 mg, Group C Tablet clonidine 0.2 mg, and Group P placebo (multivitamin tablets) given 2 h before surgery with a sip of water. The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and adverse events during the perioperative period were noted. The statistical analysis was done by paired t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square test and by SPSS22 software. Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. There was no significant difference at baseline for HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP in all three groups. The mean HR was significantly lower in Group C as compared to Group G and Group P (P<0.013). The mean SBP, DBP, and MBP was significantly lower in Groups C and G as compared to Group P (P<0.01) before induction, after induction after laryngoscopy and intubation, then at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after intubation. Conclusion: Clonidine and gabapentin in the abovementioned doses can be safely used for attenuating hemodynamic stress response. Clonidine proved to have better hemodynamic stability and tends to be more effective in attenuating pressor response laryngoscopy and intubation in hypertensive patients when compared to gabapentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study was designed as a pilot study to assess the prevalence and reasons for occurrence of hypertension and identify the various treatment options prescribed and to determine the patients’ awareness and adherence to the treatment. Materials and Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study for a period of one month was conducted among the patients of Department of General Medicine, DM WIMS Multispecialty Hospital, Wayanad, Kerala by using standard questionnaires. 51 patients who meet the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Well-structured questionnaires and standard tools such as Patient Satisfaction Scale (SAPS), Hill-Bone medication adherence scale (HB-MAS), WHOQOL-BREF were utilized to collect the data. Collected data was scrutinized by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 15.0). Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed to test for associations at 95% confidence interval. P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The Results indicated rise of prevalence of hypertension in rural regions. Middle ged male group was mostly affected. Majority of the participants were affected with Grade III hypertension for more than five years and also affected with other chronic illness. All the study subjects were treated with multi-therapy regimen with dose frequency of BID. Results showed a lesser level of treatment satisfaction, medication adherence, KAP and quality of life of study population. Conclusion: The results strongly supported the need of the patient counselling by clinical pharmacists to improve the analysed parameters. Hopefully, future study with larger sample size with proper patient counselling could provide a significant outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in areas with high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, it is important to understand the co-existence of the conditions. More importantly, understanding the risk factors for improved prevention and clinical practice. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 240 hypertensive patients with co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS in Homa Bay County, western Kenya. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and multiple regressions were used to identify the risk of diabetes mellitus controlling for age, smoking and HIV/AIDS infection. The study shows co-existing co-morbidities with 50% suffering from HIV/AIDS and another 50% from Diabetes mellitus among the hypertensive patients. In addition, the risk for diabetes mellitus were; smoking (COR=2.89, 95%CI=1.63-5.11, P<0.001) and HIV/AIDS (COR=2.40, 95%CI=1.40-4.08, P=0.001). Also, observed that between 45 and 75 years, the risk of diabetes increased two-fold and when we controlled for age and smoking, the risk of diabetes among the hypertensive patients with HIV/AIDS increased by 1.4 folds (AOR=3.30, 95% CI=1.79-6.05, P<0.001). The study shows high co-existence of hypertension, HIV/AIDS and diabetes mellitus. Further, shows age, smoking and HIV/AIDS as the risk factors for diabetes in the population. The findings underscore the need for improved health promotion on the risk of age and smoking and clinical practice for the co-existing health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of marital status with cognitive function and to examine the potential effect modifiers in Chinese hypertensive populations. Methods A total of 9,525 adult Chinese hypertensive patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Cognitive function, as the dependent variable in our study, was assessed by the Chinese version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). We adjusted for potential confounding factors in multiple linear regression models to examine the relationship of marital status with cognitive function. In addition, we divided the population according to sex to explore whether there were sex-specific differences. Results Among the 9,525 study participants, the mean (SD) age for men was 63.5 (10.3) years, and the mean MMSE score was 24.9 ± 5.0, whereas for women, the mean (SD) age was 63.8 (9.3) years, and the mean MMSE score was 19.4 ± 6.4. Unmarried persons had lower scores on the MMSE and lower subscores in each of the cognitive domains. A stronger correlation between marital status and a lower MMSE score was statistically significant in men (unmarried men: β = -1.55; 95% CI: -1.89, -1.21) but not women (unmarried women: β = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.56, 0.12; p interaction = 0.006). Compared to men who were widowed or divorced, never married men were more likely to have lower MMSE scores (β = -2.30, 95% CI -3.10,—1.50; p

Marc Machaalani,1 Houssam Seifeddine,1 Abdallah Ali,1,&ast; Hassan Bitar,1,&ast; Oukba Briman,1,&ast; Mirna N Chahine1– 4 1Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; 2Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; 3Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI®), Beirut, Lebanon; 4Foundation-Medical Research Institutes (F-MRI®), Geneva, Switzerland&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mirna N Chahine, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon, Tel +961 76 053292, Email mirnachahine01@gmail.comBackground and Objectives: Hypertension (HTN) is a major health concern that leads to cardiovascular disease and premature death. Assessing HTN knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) is crucial for controlling HTN. This study aimed to determine HTN KAP among hypertensive patients residing in Lebanon.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 342 hypertensive patients. A questionnaire form was used to collect data related to patients’ characteristics. SPSS was used to determine KAP scores, descriptive statistics, and correlations.Results: Data from HTN patients was analyzed of whom 98.2% were Lebanese and 51.2% were males. The median age was 59.15 ± 13.55 years old. A proportion of 40.4% had HTN duration for at least 10 years and 67.3% had HTN family history. Patients had fair HTN knowledge and practice, but good attitude toward HTN. Only 45.3% regularly checked their blood pressure. Positive correlations were observed between HTN attitude and each of knowledge and practice. HTN knowledge and attitude were associated with many studied factors, whereas no relationship was found regarding practice.Conclusion: Hypertensive patients had fair levels of knowledge and practice, and a good level of attitude concerning their disease. We provided a model for predictors of HTN KAP scores that will allow the development of efficient campaigns related to HTN.Keywords: hypertension, KAP, Lebanon, hypertensive patients

Background: Geriatrics refers to age-related health changes and consequently causes complications in polypharmacy, generalizing prescribing patterns. The study aimed to investigate the pervasiveness of medication inaccuracies along with drug interactions. Methodology: Out of 450 prescriptions only 210 were selected that contained Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) and other drugs. Drug-drug interactions were articulated by Micromedex 2.0, and the harm score was determined by National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Results: The outcomes revealed that 645 medication errors were identified and multiple errors were present in a single prescription. The most frequent error was unstated patient's weight (98.6%) proceeds from drug-drug interactions (66.7%). According to the harm score, 36.66% of prescriptions were placed in category D, there was a statistically significant association between the drug-drug interaction and the number of prescribed drugs (p

Background: Anxiety and depression are crucial public health issues, affecting the rising in hospitalizations and death. Anxiety and depression can worsen hypertension and vice versa. Objective: The current study has investigated the effects of celery seed extract, as a drug supplement, with the active ingredient of 3-n-butylphthalide, on mental problems primarily anxiety and secondary depression in hypertensive patients. Design: The current study was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, 4-week clinical trial with a 4-week washout period. Fifty hypertensive patients received 4 placebo or celery seed extract capsules (1.34 g per day) for 4 weeks as a supplement to their usual medication regimen. The blood pressure parameters were assessed using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Anxiety and depression and their wide range of symptoms were evaluated using Beck anxiety and depression inventories (BAI and BDI). Results: In the celery treatment step, the mean reduction in BAI and BDI scores were 6.78 (P < 0.001) and 3.63 (P < 0.01), respectively. Some symptoms of anxiety including unable to relax, nervousness, numbness, dizziness, flushed face, sweating, and breathing difficulty were significantly improved by celery consumption (P < 0.001). Celery could decrease symptoms of depression such as sadness, crying, loss of energy, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, loss of interest in sex, and punishment feeling (P < 0.01). The mean reduction in blood pressure parameters was also significant during celery therapy (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The psychometric properties of anxiety and depression were investigated and the results were promising. The results indicated the anti-anxiety and anti-depressive properties of celery seed extract as a supplement in hypertensive patients. Clinical trial registration: Registry name: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), Registration number: IRCT20130418013058N8, Registration link: https://www.irct.ir/trial/30021. The study was carried out between 2018-09-21 and 2020-07-20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a leading risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) is a surrogate of insulin resistance (IR). Few studies explore the association between TyG and the incidence of obstructive CAD (OCAD) in hypertensive patients. Methods: We retrospectively screened 1841 hypertensive subjects who were free of a history of CAD and underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) because of chest pain. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting TG [mg/dL] * fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The outcome of this research was OCAD, which was defined as the presence of diameter stenosis ≥ 50% in any of the four major epicardial coronary arteries detected on CCTA. Results: A total of 310 (16.8%) patients developed obstructive CAD. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis showed a J-shaped relationship between TyG and OCAD and the OR for OCAD increased as the TyG rose over 8.61 (OR perSD) 1.64, 95% CI 1.13–2.54, p = 0.008). After full adjustments for confounding covariates, patients with TyG index in tertile 3 (T3) had 2.12 times (95% CI 1.80 to 3.81) and in T2 had 2.01 times (95% CI 1.40 to 2.88) as high as the risk of OCAD compared with patients in T1 (p for trend = 0.001). When regarding TyG as a continuous variable, 1-SD increase elevated 49% (OR (95%CI), 1.49 (1.30–1.74)) risk of obstructive CAD (p = 0.007). This positive effect was still consistent across the subgroups (p for interaction > 0.05). Conclusion: TyG index was associated with the incidence of obstructive CAD in hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysglycaemia, (diabetes mellitus, DM, and Prediabetes) and Hypertension (HTN) are two common non-communicable diseases that are closely linked. Cardiovascular risk profile and cardiovascularrelated death rise significantly when they co-exist. A third of cases of diabetes mellitus amongst hypertensive patients are undiagnosed and most people who are newly diagnosed have a low level of awareness. This study is therefore designed to assess the prevalence of dysglycaemia and associated factors, among hypertensive patients attending our facility. Methodology: Clinical and laboratory information on 858 patients was extracted and analyzed. This includes sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic status, and level of physical activity. Also, family history of diabetes mellitus, the duration of hypertension as well as types of antihypertensives used by those already attending the clinic for hypertension care. Other variables were blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body mass index (BMI). Blood glucose and plasma lipid profile as well. Results: More than a quatre of the patients had prediabetes. Between 2% and 6.1% had diabetes mellitus using 2HPP and FBG respectively. Following cross-tabulation, dysglycaemia was significantly associated with age, duration of hypertension, body mass index, BMI, elevated total cholesterol, LDL as well as the use of beta blockers and thiazides. Conclusion: Dysglycaemias are common among hypertensive patients in Abuja. Age, duration of hypertension, body mass index, dyslipidemias, beta blocker, and thiazide use were positively associated with dysglycaemia. Screening for dysglycaemia is recommended for all hypertensive patients at the point of entry to care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]