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Cobalt molybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon was synthesized and the effect of sulfiding in catalytic activity of the glycerol trioleate deoxygenation process (DOX) was evaluated. Prior to glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation reactions, the catalyst was reduced and sulfided with CS2/H2. CoMo/CA carbide was characterized by specific area (B.E.T), X-ray diffraction (DRX), elemental analysis (CHON-S), potentiometric titration with butylamine and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface area of the CoMo/CA carbide and the support were 246 m2/g and 881 m2/g, respectively. The XRD analysis verified the presence of the Co6Mo6C2 and metallic cobalt. XPS showed the presence at the surface of signals assignable to Mod+, Mo4+, Mo6+, Co2+, S2- and SO4 2-. The sulfided CoMo/CA carbide showed higher glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation activity than the no sulfided CoMo/CA carbide. The highest yield was obtained at 310 °C, 900 psi H2 and 2 h of reaction (conversion to 100%) and a higher selectivity to heptadecane (55%) and octadecane (45%), favoring the decarboxylation (HDCX) and decarbonylation (HDCn) than the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt molybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon was synthesized and the effect of sulfiding in catalytic activity of the glycerol trioleate deoxygenation process (DOX) was evaluated. Prior to glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation reactions, the catalyst was reduced and sulfided with CS2/H2. CoMo/CA carbide was characterized by specific area (B.E.T), X-ray diffraction (DRX), elemental analysis (CHON-S), potentiometric titration with butylamine and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface area of the CoMo/CA carbide and the support were 246 m2/g and 881 m2/g, respectively. The XRD analysis verified the presence of the Co6Mo6C2 and metallic cobalt. XPS showed the presence at the surface of signals assignable to Moδ+, Mo4+, Mo6+, Co2+, S2- and ... . The sulfided CoMo/CA carbide showed higher glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation activity than the no sulfided CoMo/CA carbide. The highest yield was obtained at 310 ºC, 900 psi H2 and 2 h of reaction (conversion to 100%) and a higher selectivity to heptadecane (55%) and octadecane (45%), favoring the decarboxylation (HDCX) and decarbonylation (HDCn) than the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone exposure from environmental smog has been implicated as a risk factor for developing dry eye disease (DED). The tear film lipid layer (TFLL), which is the outermost layer of the tear film and responsible for surface tension reduction while blinking, is in direct contact with the environment and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressors such as environmental pollution. The impact of exposure to ozone on the biophysical properties of three TFLL model membranes was investigated. These model membranes include a binary mixture of cholesteryl oleate (CO) and L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), a ternary mixture of CO, glyceryl trioleate (GT) and PC, as well as a quaternary mixture of CO, GT, a mixture of free fatty acids palmitic acid and stearic acid (FFAs) and PC. Biophysical impacts were evaluated as changes to the surface activity, respreadability, morphology and viscoelastic properties of the films. Expansion to higher molecular areas was observed in all the TFLL model membrane films which is attributable to the accommodation of the cleaved chains in the film. Significant morphological changes were observed, namely fluidization and the disruption of the phase transition behaviour of GT, and multilayer formation of CO. This fluidization reduces the hysteresis loops for the model membranes. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties of the films exhibited differential impacts from ozone exposure as a function of composition. These findings are correlated to chemical changes to the lipids determined using ESI-MS.

Cobalt molybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon was synthesized and the effect of sulfiding in catalytic activity of the glycerol trioleate deoxygenation process (DOX) was evaluated. Prior to glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation reactions, the catalyst was reduced and sulfided with CS2/H2. CoMo/CA carbide was characterized by specific area (B.E.T), X-ray diffraction (DRX), elemental analysis (CHON-S), potentiometric titration with butylamine and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface area of the CoMo/CA carbide and the support were 246 m2/g and 881 m2/g, respectively. The XRD analysis verified the presence of the Co6Mo6C2 and metallic cobalt. XPS showed the presence at the surface of signals assignable to Mod+, Mo4+, Mo6+, Co2+, S2- and SO4 2-. The sulfided CoMo/CA carbide showed higher glyceryl trioleate deoxygenation activity than the no sulfided CoMo/CA carbide. The highest yield was obtained at 310 °C, 900 psi H2 and 2 h of reaction (conversion to 100%) and a higher selectivity to heptadecane (55%) and octadecane (45%), favoring the decarboxylation (HDCX) and decarbonylation (HDCn) than the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to provide a method for quality control of glyceryl trioleate in Coix lacryma-jobi L., this paper focused on differentiating the glyceryl trioleate compound in 14 cultivars and effect of nitrogen on glyceryl trioleate in Coix seed by clustering of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This research was carried out to find a variety that has active glyceryl trioleate with the highest content and to investigate the effect of nitrogen to the active ingredients of glyceryl trioleate in Coix lacryma-jobi L. and its effect in Coix lacryma-jobi L. treatment. The standard regressive curve equation of glyceryl trioleate obtained by using HPLC was: Y = (7.106) X-495293, R² = 0.9997. The average reproducible experiment result of glyceryl trioleate is 0.097, RSD (relative standard deviation) is 1.95%; recovery rate is 97.69% and RSD is 0.89%. The experiment measured the glyceryl trioleate content of 14 varieties of Coix lacryma-jobi L using Qianyin #1 (C14). The result showed that fertilizer combination N10F2 (4:1:2:3) produced the highest glyceryl trioleate content in Coix lacryma-jobi L. Thus, nitrogen that applied in the fertilizer for 150kg ha-1 and the ratio of pre plant application including seedbed application, tillering application and earing application were optimized at 4:1:2:3 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozone exposure from environmental smog has been implicated as a risk factor for developing dry eye disease (DED). The tear film lipid layer (TFLL), which is the outermost layer of the tear film and responsible for surface tension reduction while blinking, is in direct contact with the environment and serves as the first line of defense against external aggressors such as environmental pollution. The impact of exposure to ozone on the biophysical properties of three TFLL model membranes was investigated. These model membranes include a binary mixture of cholesteryl oleate (CO) and L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC), a ternary mixture of CO, glyceryl trioleate (GT) and PC, as well as a quaternary mixture of CO, GT, a mixture of free fatty acids palmitic acid and stearic acid (FFAs) and PC. Biophysical impacts were evaluated as changes to the surface activity, respreadability, morphology and viscoelastic properties of the films. Expansion to higher molecular areas was observed in all the TFLL model membrane films which is attributable to the accommodation of the cleaved chains in the film. Significant morphological changes were observed, namely fluidization and the disruption of the phase transition behaviour of GT, and multilayer formation of CO. This fluidization reduces the hysteresis loops for the model membranes. On the other hand, the viscoelastic properties of the films exhibited differential impacts from ozone exposure as a function of composition. These findings are correlated to chemical changes to the lipids determined using ESI-MS.