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Las matracas son dichos, locuciones, fórmulas conversacionales, frases estandarizadas que se utilizan en el lenguaje conversacional. Estas fórmulas locutivas tienen distintas funciones: saludar, rechazar peticiones, ironizar sobre expresiones inapropiadas, advertir sobre la improcedencia de ciertas acciones o hábitos, señalar los posibles males que se derivan de ciertos actitudes, dar una respuesta ingeniosa a una provocación o insulto, etc… Muchas de estas matracas tiene carácter ingenioso ya que se trata de quedar socialmente por encima del interlocutor. La lengua china tiene, lo mismo que otras lenguas, multitud de estas formulas comunicacionales de carácter idiomático, algunas de las cuales se exponen aquí para uso de los estudiosos interesados en el tema. The "matracas" are sayings, idioms, conversational formulas and standard phrases used in the conversational language. They have different functions: greeting, refusing requests, satirizing misconduct, warning about the inadmissibility of certain actions o behaviors, warning of the potential evils arising from certain acts of individuals, and they also are the formulas to contrast the hostile actions. Many of these "matracas" have the compelling character that try to intimidate and silence the speaker. The Chinese language, like other languages, has many of these communicational formulas of idiomatic character, some of which are discussed here for use by the foreign students.

Цель статьи состоит в установлении того, как современные китайские студенты обращаются к преподавателям колледжа и насколько они осведомлены в области использования традиционных обращений., Language is a mirror of society. Forms of direct address, and specifically the most frequently used com-munication formulas which have been studied for quite a long time, reflect the changes and development of the country's politics, economy and culture. Alongside the development of information technology and other changes of modern times, Chinese social communication conditions are also constantly changing. Under the trend of diversification, the contemporary Chinese college students are deeply influenced by the mass media. Most of them are open-minded and sociable. They are not rigid in using the traditional terms of address in interpersonal communication. This paper studies full-time students of Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, China. The author uses questionnaires and statistical analysis to find out how the contemporary Chinese college students address college teachers and how well they know the traditional forms of direct address. The questionnaire showed that the choice of the forms of direct address largely depends on the social status of the interlocutor and the teacher-student relationships; and the students' realization of the importance of using the tradi-tional forms of address vary greatly., Политическая лингвистика, Issue № 4 (76), Pages 172-178

В статье рассматривается подготовка к субтесту «Говорение» ТРКИ с опорой на речевые формулы и использование флеш-карточек. Данный прием обучения сравнивается с практикуемыми техниками усвоения материала, обсуждается логика предпочтительного внимания к использованию речевых формул при подготовке к субтесту. Осмысливается обоснованность данной методики в контексте теории речевой деятельности., The article discusses the use of formulaic language viz. conversational formulae on “flash cards” as a part of preparation for “Speaking” Paper of TORFL. The author compares this method with the ones commonly applied, and discusses the reasons for preferential use of conversational formulae for preparation to this part of the test. The validity of this method is conceptualized within the frameworks of the speech activity theory.