30 results on '"bulb size"'
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2. رقم تگزاس ارلی گرانو 502 در منطقه فریدن اصفهان (Allium cepa) اثرات تاریخ کاشت و اندازه سوخ مادری بر کمیت و کیفیت بذر پیاز.
- Author
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عماد شاهمنصوري and زهرا عباسی
- Abstract
Introduction: The selections of optimum planting date for every climate and mother bulb size are important factors affecting the quantity and quality of seed production in different cultivars. This study was performed in Isfahan province, Frieden, during two growing years 2016-2017 to determine the effect of planting time and mother bulb size on the quantity and quality of short-day onion seed varieties Texas Early Grano 502 Materials and Methods: A split-plot experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor was cultivation dates at four levels: the end of August, the first of September, the end of September and the first of October and mother bulb size at three levels with 3.55, 5.5- 7, 7.5-9cm diameters were assigned as sub-plots. The measured traits were number of umbel per unit area, the number of fertilized capsules in umbel, the number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed yield and germination rate. Results: The results of combined analysis of variance showed that effect of year was only significant on the number of capsules per umbel at p<0.01. The interactions of year× mother bulb diameter and year× planting date× mother bulb diameter was not significant for any of the traits. The traits were not affected by the year. The results showed that the planting date had a significant effect on all traits except for 1000 seed weight, and the first planting date (the end of August) had the highest values in all traits. The highest germination percentage (89.83%) and the highest germination rate (12.8) were obtained on the first planting date, which showed a statistically significant difference with the subsequent planting dates. However, these two traits were not affected by mother bulb diameter treatment. The highest seed yield for onion diameter factor (505.65 kg h-1 in the first year and 465.78 kg h-1 in the second year) was associated with mother bulb size of 7.5-9 cm. Conclusions: The overall result showed that to obtain the highest and most desirable quality of onion seeds of Texas Early Grano 502 cultivar in Friedan of Isfahan, the planting date of the first of September and the size of the mother bulb “between” 7 to 9 cm is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Radio máximo de la zona saturada en superficie bajo riego por goteo a caudal constante. Modelos analítico y empírico.
- Author
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del Vigo, Ángel, Zubelzu, Sergio, and Juana, Luis
- Subjects
MICROIRRIGATION ,WATERLOGGING (Soils) ,SOIL moisture ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,SOLIFLUCTION - Abstract
Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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4. Effect of Bulb Size and Climatic Conditions on Vegetative and Reproductive Attributes of Polianthes tuberosa L. cultivated in Algeria.
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Nihed, Barghout, Saida, Messgo-Moumene, Abdelaziz, Gharbi, Laila, Allal-Benfkih, Seddik, Khennouf, and Djamel, El-Hadi
- Subjects
- *
ORNAMENTAL plants , *CUT flower industry , *LOQUAT - Abstract
Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an ornamental and medicinal plant, cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant cut flowers and perfume industries, P. tuberosa flowers are the source of the highest-quality tuberose oil that remains today the most expensive raw material in perfumery. Furthermore, bulb size influences the flowering of P. tuberosa L. and creates a problem for tuberose flower production. Aims in this study were climatic condition and bulbs size variation, which were investigated to enhance the bulb size and climatic condition for improving tuberose production in Algeria. A culture of P. tuberosa L. bulbs was conducted in the field and under shelter using different bulb diameters, growing and flowering parameters were recorded for each plant, from planting to maturity. According to the obtained results, a good growth of tuberose was noticed with the big bulbs (diameter≥2 cm), i.e., bulb germination, leaf emergence, and the number of leaves by dominance for the bulbs cultivated under shelter, compared to those grown in the field. Regarding flowering, it was influenced mainly by bulb size, where only big bulbs gave flowers, and flowering characteristics were improved by the under shelter culture neither in the field. In general and according to the present work, for a good growth and for a better production of P. tuberosa flowers, bulbs culture under shelter using bulbs of 2-4 cm in diameter were recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. Expression Patterns of Key Genes in the Photoperiod and Vernalization Flowering Pathways in Lilium longiflorum with Different Bulb Sizes.
- Author
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Yan, Xiao, Wang, Lian-Juan, Zhao, Yu-Qian, and Jia, Gui-Xia
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VERNALIZATION , *FLOWERING of plants , *FLOWERING time , *LILIES , *COLD storage , *PLANT growth , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures - Abstract
Lilium longiflorum is a wild Lilium, and its flowering transition requires a long period of cold exposure to meet the demand of vernalization. The responses of different sized bulbs to cold exposure and photoperiod are different, and the floral transition pathways of small and large bulbs are different. In this study, small and large bulbs were placed in cold storage for different weeks and then cultured at a constant ambient temperature of 25 °C under long day (LD) and short day (SD) conditions. Then, the flowering characteristics and expression patterns of key genes related to the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in different groups were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the floral transition of Lilium longiflorum was influenced by both vernalization and photoperiod, that vernalization and LD conditions can significantly improve the flowering rate of Lilium longiflorum, and that the time from planting to visible flowering buds' appearance was decreased. The flowering time and rate of large bulbs were greatly influenced by cold exposure, and the vernalization pathway acted more actively at the floral transition stage. The floral transition of small bulbs was affected more by the photoperiod pathway. Moreover, it was speculated that cold exposure may promote greater sensitivity of the small bulbs to LD conditions. In addition, the expression of LlVRN1, LlFKF1, LlGI, LlCO5, LlCO7, LlCO16, LlFT1, LlFT3 and LlSOC1 was high during the process of floral transition, and LlCO13, LlCO14 and LlCO15 were highly expressed in the vegetative stage. The expression of LlCO13 and LlCO14 was different under different lighting conditions, and the flowering induction function of LlCO9 and LlFT3 was related to vernalization. Moreover, LlFKF1, LlGI, LlCO5, LlCO16, LlSOC1 and LlFT2 were involved in the entire growth process of plants, while LlCO6, LlCO16 and LlFT1 are involved in the differentiation and formation of small bulblets of plants after the inflorescence stage, and this process is also closely related to LD conditions. This study has great significance for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the vernalization and photoperiod flowering pathways of Lilium longiflorum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Influence of mother bulb weight and spacing on quality seed yield of onion
- Author
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Das, T., Mandal, J., and Mohanta, S.
- Published
- 2020
7. Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Growth and Bulb Yield in Mid Hill of Nepal
- Author
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Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Navin Gopal Pradhan, Binod Prasad Luitel, and Sujan Subedi
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Allium ,bulb size ,bulb shape ,bulb diameter ,yield ,Agriculture - Abstract
Experiments were conducted at Horticulture Research Division (HRD), Khumaltar, Lalitpur; and Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Kimugaun, Dailekh in 2017/18 to evaluate the high yielding open pollinated genotypes of onion in mid hills of both locations. Five onion genotypes namely AVON-1016, AVON-1027, AVON-1028, AVON-1052, AVON-1074 and AVON-1103 received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre were evaluated with local check variety and recommended variety Red Creole in both locations in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The main objective of the experiment is to findout the high yielding open pollinated onion genotypes for mid hill condition.The pooled analysis of data over locations showed significant differences on plant height, neck diameter, bulb diameter, weight of bulbs and adjusted bulb yield per hectare. Introduced genotypes AVON 1027 (38.83 t/ha), AVON 1052 (31.97 t/ha) and AVON 1028 (31.48 t/ha) produced significantly higher yield than recommended and commercially cultivated check variety Red Creole (27.04 t/ha). Therefore the genotype AVON 1027 can be selected as the best genotype for growing in mid hills of Nepal
- Published
- 2019
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8. Expression Patterns of Key Genes in the Photoperiod and Vernalization Flowering Pathways in Lilium longiflorum with Different Bulb Sizes
- Author
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Xiao Yan, Lian-Juan Wang, Yu-Qian Zhao, and Gui-Xia Jia
- Subjects
bulb size ,flowering related genes ,Lilium longiflorum ,photoperiod ,vernalization ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Lilium longiflorum is a wild Lilium, and its flowering transition requires a long period of cold exposure to meet the demand of vernalization. The responses of different sized bulbs to cold exposure and photoperiod are different, and the floral transition pathways of small and large bulbs are different. In this study, small and large bulbs were placed in cold storage for different weeks and then cultured at a constant ambient temperature of 25 °C under long day (LD) and short day (SD) conditions. Then, the flowering characteristics and expression patterns of key genes related to the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in different groups were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the floral transition of Lilium longiflorum was influenced by both vernalization and photoperiod, that vernalization and LD conditions can significantly improve the flowering rate of Lilium longiflorum, and that the time from planting to visible flowering buds’ appearance was decreased. The flowering time and rate of large bulbs were greatly influenced by cold exposure, and the vernalization pathway acted more actively at the floral transition stage. The floral transition of small bulbs was affected more by the photoperiod pathway. Moreover, it was speculated that cold exposure may promote greater sensitivity of the small bulbs to LD conditions. In addition, the expression of LlVRN1, LlFKF1, LlGI, LlCO5, LlCO7, LlCO16, LlFT1, LlFT3 and LlSOC1 was high during the process of floral transition, and LlCO13, LlCO14 and LlCO15 were highly expressed in the vegetative stage. The expression of LlCO13 and LlCO14 was different under different lighting conditions, and the flowering induction function of LlCO9 and LlFT3 was related to vernalization. Moreover, LlFKF1, LlGI, LlCO5, LlCO16, LlSOC1 and LlFT2 were involved in the entire growth process of plants, while LlCO6, LlCO16 and LlFT1 are involved in the differentiation and formation of small bulblets of plants after the inflorescence stage, and this process is also closely related to LD conditions. This study has great significance for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the vernalization and photoperiod flowering pathways of Lilium longiflorum.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Influence of planting date and bulb size on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production
- Author
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Teshome Ashagrie, Derbew Belew, and Amsalu Nebiyu
- Subjects
onion ,planting date ,bulb size ,quality seed ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Constraints are reported for the low productivity and quality of onion seed production in Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Kobo sub-center research station and Libso investment farm to study the influence of planting date and onion bulb size on yield and quality of onion seed. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and involved three levels of onion bulb sizes and four levels of planting dates. The results of the study revealed that significant interactions between planting date and mother bulb size on seed yield ton ha-1, germination percentage, seed vigor index I and seed vigor index II. The highest seed yield (2.8 tons ha−1) was recorded from large onion bulbs of a size planted at Kobo early—October. Planted onion bulbs early-October increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 21.7%) than planted early-November. Regarding onion bulb size, large bulbs increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 40%) than the small bulbs. The highest (97.3) germination percentage was recorded from large onion bulbs planted at Kobo in early-October. Therefore, for the production of better yield and quality of onion seeds, early-October planting and large onion bulbs (4.1–5 cm) can be recommended in the study areas and other similar agro-ecology areas of the country.
- Published
- 2021
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10. Influence of planting date and bulb size on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production.
- Author
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Ashagrie, Teshome, Belew, Derbew, and Nebiyu, Amsalu
- Subjects
ONIONS ,SEED industry ,SEED yield ,BULBS (Plants) ,SEED size ,PLANT size - Abstract
Constraints are reported for the low productivity and quality of onion seed production in Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Kobo sub-center research station and Libso investment farm to study the influence of planting date and onion bulb size on yield and quality of onion seed. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and involved three levels of onion bulb sizes and four levels of planting dates. The results of the study revealed that significant interactions between planting date and mother bulb size on seed yield ton ha-1, germination percentage, seed vigor index I and seed vigor index II. The highest seed yield (2.8 tons ha
−1 ) was recorded from large onion bulbs of a size planted at Kobo early—October. Planted onion bulbs early-October increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 21.7%) than planted early-November. Regarding onion bulb size, large bulbs increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 40%) than the small bulbs. The highest (97.3) germination percentage was recorded from large onion bulbs planted at Kobo in early-October. Therefore, for the production of better yield and quality of onion seeds, early-October planting and large onion bulbs (4.1–5 cm) can be recommended in the study areas and other similar agro-ecology areas of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. EFFECT OF BULB SIZES ON THE SEED YIELD OF TWO ONION (Allium cepa L.) VARIETIES.
- Author
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Ahmed, S., Rahim, M. A., Moniruzzaman, M., Khatun, M. A., Jahan, F. N., and Akter, R.
- Subjects
ONION growing ,ONIONS ,SEED yield ,SEED size ,SEED industry ,HORTICULTURE - Abstract
An experiment was carried out at Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2018 to March 2019 to examine the effects of different bulb size viz., large size bulb (15±1 g), medium size bulb (10±1 g), small size bulb (7±1 g) on seed production of two onion varieties (Taherpuri and Kalash Nagari). Significant variation observed in both varieties for most of the parameters based on onion bulb size. The variety Kalash Nagari showed better performances compared to variety Taherpuri. After 60 days of planting, Kalash Nagari variety gave the highest plant height (55.07 cm), number of leaves (20.62), stalk length (100.78 cm), and total seed yield (630 kg ha
-1 ), while in Taherpuri plant height, leaf number, stalk length and total seed weight were 32.21 cm, 6.93, 61.47 cm and 270 kg ha-1 , respectively. Large sized bulb gave better performance compared to small sized bulb. The large sized bulb gave highest plant height (49.83 cm) and highest total seed yield (490 kg ha-1 ). Medium size bulb gave the seed yield (460 kg ha-1 ) and lowest in small size bulb (390 kg ha-1 ). Seed yield was significantly affected by the combined effects of variety and bulb size. Kalash Nagari onion with large sized bulb gave the highest seed yield (660 kg ha-1 ) and Taherpuri variety with small sized bulb gave the lowest seed yield (180 kg ha-1 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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12. Microirrigation in onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (A. sativum)-a review
- Author
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Tripathi, P C, Sankar, V, and Lawande, K E
- Published
- 2017
13. Effect of Bulb Size and Number of Growing Axis on Seed Yield and Quality in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
- Author
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Yalamalle, V. R.
- Published
- 2016
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14. FLOWER INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ENDEMIC IRANIAN LILY (Lilium ledebourii Boiss.)
- Author
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Mehdi Salehi, Abdollah Hatamzadeh, Vahab Jafarian, Shahin Zarre, and Julian Cuevas
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Lilium ledebourii ,flower development ,bulb size ,SEM ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Science - Abstract
This study was performed to depict the anatomical changes in apical meristems in order to determine the flower initiation and development of Iranian lily (Lilium ledebourii). Observations carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on groups of bulbs with different age and size showed that only large (≥55 g and ≥6 cm in diameter) 9-year-old and older bulbs expressed flowering transition, abandoning the juvenile condition. The switch from vegetative to reproductive in the apical meristem was characterized by flattening its dome. Flower initiation started between 10 and 20 days after planting, once the bulbs have passed a period of vernalization of two months at 3°C. The first hint of floral organ definition was noted 30 to 50 days after planting when the outer perianths started to grow followed by inner perianths in a pattern of 3−3. After complementation of flower formation by stamen and pistil appearance and development, flower abortion occurred in some bulbs 30 days after flower initiation. Flower bud abortion could not be linked to the bulb size. Identification of the exact time of flower initiation will be useful to provide proper management of Iranian lily in the process of domestication of this endemic endangered lily.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effect of bulb size and growth regulators on flower and bulb production in chincherinchee (Ornithogalum thyrsoides)
- Author
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Slathia, Divya, Pandey, R.K., Laishram, Nomita, and Singh, Arvinder
- Published
- 2015
16. Plant population and weed control effects on bulb size distribution of onion (Allium cepa L.) under chicken weed (portulaca quadrifida L.) infested field
- Author
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Garba, Y., Gudugi, I.A.S., and Ibrahim, H.
- Subjects
Onion ,bulb size ,plant population ,herbicide ,distribution - Abstract
Plant population and weed management are among major factors constraining onion production. Therefore, field trial was conducted in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria during the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 dry seasons to assess the bulb size distribution of onion under the influence of plant population and weed control practice. The treatments was made of three plant population (500,000, 333,333 and 250,000 plants/ha) and weed control methods (pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw: pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1: pendimethalin @ 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1: butachlor @ 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw: butachlor @ 2.8 kg a.i. ha-1: butachlor @ 3.6 kg a.i. ha-1: fluaxifop-P-butyl @ 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1: oxyfluorfen @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 + 1 Hw: two weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT): three weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAT: weed free and weedy check). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Results showed that onion bulb size distribution was not significantly affected with plant population treatments. The use of pendimethalin and butachlor at 1.0 and 2.0 kg a.i. ha-1 two days after transplanting followed by one hoe weeding respectively at 6 WAT recorded the highest bulb size distribution of onion. Weeding 3 times was second best and it can serve as an alternative to the aforementioned practice. It can be concluded that the integration of two methods such as pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 or butachlor at 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 followed by one hoe weeding at 6 WAT was significantly superior to other methods and therefore, recommended for onion farmers in the study area as best practice for weed control.
- Published
- 2022
17. Phenotypic Diversity and Genetic Variation within a Collection of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Germplasm from Peninsular India
- Author
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Neelam Sunil, Vinod Kumar, Medagam Thirupathi Reddy, Venkateshwaran Kamala
- Subjects
Light Red and White Marglobe ,in an augmented block design during kharif 2009-10 ,at NBPGR Regional Station ,Rajendranagar ,Hyderabad. The accessions exhibited good variation for qualitative traits like early seedling vigour ,leaf cross section ,leaf arrangement ,stem shape ,bulb shape ,bulb skin color ,bulb size ,bulb hearting and bulb flesh colour and quantitative traits like plant height ,number of leaves per plant ,leaf length ,leaf girth ,number of scales per bulb ,total soluble solids (TSS) (°Brix) ,bulb weight and bulb yield per plant. Correlation study revealed that high significant positive correlation was recorded between number of scales per bulb and bulb weight (r=0.71) and significant negative correlation was observed between leaf length and leaf girth (r= -0.88) ,leaf length and bolting (-0.63) among others. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four principal components explained 99.76% of the total variation among the 23 accessions and three controls. PCA I accounted for 97.04% of variation ,had maximum influence on bulb weight followed by plant height. The PCA II traits were leaf length and plant height which accounted for 1.97 % of the variance. The PCA III and PCA IV have contributed for 0.39 and 0.39% of total variance. The cluster analysis revealed that dendrogram formed four distinct clusters and cluster III was found to be the largest including controls. The promising accessions for bulb weight were IC 571959 ,IC 564056 ,IC 571927 ,IC 571919 and IC 564059 ,Onion ,cluster analysis ,germplasm ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Twenty three diverse germplasm lines collected from varying agro-ecological regions of Peninsular India during 2007-08 were characterized and evaluated along with three controls viz. Nasik Red, Light Red and White Marglobe, in an augmented block design during kharif 2009-10, at NBPGR Regional Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The accessions exhibited good variation for qualitative traits like early seedling vigour, leaf cross section, leaf arrangement, stem shape, bulb shape, bulb skin color, bulb size, bulb hearting and bulb flesh colour and quantitative traits like plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf girth, number of scales per bulb, total soluble solids (TSS) (°Brix), bulb weight and bulb yield per plant. Correlation study revealed that high significant positive correlation was recorded between number of scales per bulb and bulb weight (r=0.71) and significant negative correlation was observed between leaf length and leaf girth (r= -0.88), leaf length and bolting (-0.63) among others. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four principal components explained 99.76% of the total variation among the 23 accessions and three controls. PCA I accounted for 97.04% of variation, had maximum influence on bulb weight followed by plant height. The PCA II traits were leaf length and plant height which accounted for 1.97 % of the variance. The PCA III and PCA IV have contributed for 0.39 and 0.39% of total variance. The cluster analysis revealed that dendrogram formed four distinct clusters and cluster III was found to be the largest including controls. The promising accessions for bulb weight were IC 571959, IC 564056, IC 571927, IC 571919 and IC 564059, which may be effectively tapped in sound breeding and conservation program.
- Published
- 2014
18. FLOWER INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN ENDEMIC IRANIAN LILY (Lilium ledebourii Boiss.).
- Author
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Salehi, Mehdi, Hatamzadeh, Abdollah, Jafarian, Vahab, Zarre, Shahin, and Cuevas, Julian
- Subjects
LILIES ,FLOWERS ,LILIACEAE ,INFLORESCENCES ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
This study was performed to depict the anatomical changes in apical meristems in order to determine the flower initiation and development of Iranian lily (Lilium ledebourii). Observations carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on groups of bulbs with different age and size showed that only large (≥55 g and ≥6 cm in diameter) 9-year-old and older bulbs expressed flowering transition, abandoning the juvenile condition. The switch from vegetative to reproductive in the apical meristem was characterized by flattening its dome. Flower initiation started between 10 and 20 days after planting, once the bulbs have passed a period of vernalization of two months at 3°C. The first hint of floral organ definition was noted 30 to 50 days after planting when the outer perianths started to grow followed by inner perianths in a pattern of 3-3. After complementation of flower formation by stamen and pistil appearance and development, flower abortion occurred in some bulbs 30 days after flower initiation. Flower bud abortion could not be linked to the bulb size. Identification of the exact time of flower initiation will be useful to provide proper management of Iranian lily in the process of domestication of this endemic endangered lily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Optimisation of grease application to railway tracks.
- Author
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Temple, P. D., Harmon, M., Lewis, R., Burstow, M. C., Temple, B., and Jones, D.
- Abstract
Trackside lubricators are designed to deliver grease to passing wheel flanges to reduce wheel and rail wear on curves. Ensuring that they are set up to deliver sufficient grease for the range of vehicles passing a site can be a challenge. For example, vehicle dynamics modelling and site investigations have shown that the wheels of passenger vehicles do not run as close to the rail face as those of freight vehicles, meaning that they are less likely to contact the grease and lubricate subsequent curves. To investigate the effects of different trackside devices, and the influence of parameters governing grease pickup, including lateral wheel displacement and pump durations, a bespoke test rig was built at the University of Sheffield. The rig used a scaled wheel, a short section of rail and a modern trackside lubricator set-up. Experiments involving different lateral wheel displacements and pumping durations were carried out, in addition to the visualisation of the size of the grease bulb. This showed how a grease bulb grows. It also indicated that a worn profile is likely to require greater wheel displacement to make contact with grease bulbs when compared to a new wheel profile. The experimental results showed that increasing pickup of grease can be expected when an additional component called a GreaseGuide
TM was fitted to a regular grease delivery unit (GDU) on the rail. The efficiency of grease pickup was investigated, and test results exploring increasing pump durations have indicated a relationship between pickup and bulb size. To validate the use of the scaled rig, similar tests were carried out using a full-scale test rig. The full-scale results were compared to the experimental results of the scaled wheel rig. This showed that whilst there were differences between the two test rigs in absolute values and anomalous results, overall trends were the same on both test scales. The effect of temperature on bulb size and pumpability of grease was also investigated. This work can be extended further by using the same method to investigate other parameters that affect the lubrication of curves. This can lead to optimised lubricator set-up to ensure that the track is fully lubricated all the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The assessment of the Bulb Size Impact in Onions Characteristics and Losses during Storage with Natural Ventilation.
- Author
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Nasto, Thoma and Thomaj, Tokli
- Subjects
- *
BULBS (Plants) , *NATURAL ventilation , *HUMIDITY , *PLANT moisture measurement , *PLANT size - Abstract
The effect of bulb size on storage behavior of onions was investigated in an experiment carried out in Korça region. This study was focused on evaluation of certain bulb characteristics during storage under natural ventilation conditions. The autochthonous cultivar of Miras was involved in the study and three bulb sizes were observed: small, medium and large, with diameters ≤ 3cm, 3-5cm and ≥5cm respectively. The sealed and dries bulbs were placed for storage in the building with natural ventilation. During the storage period, the weight loss, the damaged bulbs and the percentage of sprouted bulbs were estimated. The first two indicators were evaluated for the periods 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of the storage, while the last indicator after 60, 90 and 120 days. The results showed that during storage period, humidity gradually decreases. There were differences of bulb moisture content at different time periods after harvesting depending on their size and storage periods. After 120 days of storage, weight loss of large bulbs was about 23.827%, about 23.604% and 20.263% for small and medium bulbs size respectively. Results indicated that these losses are slightly affected by the size of the bulbs, while the storage period had the greatest impact, whereby the losses increase with the extension of the storage period. The findings raise the need of storage conditions improvement to reduce onions post harvest losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
21. The interaction between mycorrhizal inoculation, humic acids supply and elevated atmospheric CO increases energetic and antioxidant properties and sweetness of yellow onion.
- Author
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Bettoni, Marcelle, Mogor, Átila, Pauletti, Volnei, and Goicoechea, Nieves
- Abstract
The combined application of humic substances and mycorrhizal inocula under increased CO in the air is a promising horticultural technique for improving the quality of greenhouse-grown onion seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the development and qualitative characteristics of bulbs from the yellow onion Allium cepa L. Alfa São Francisco improved with the application of the abovementioned agronomic, biotic, and environmental factors. The lowest dry matter was achieved in bulbs of onions not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, non-amended with humic acids (HA), and grown at ambient CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased bulb biomass in plants cultivated at ambient CO, and not fertilized with HA, which may be a consequence of the enhanced acid phosphatase activity in roots. The application of HA always increased bulb dry matter, which were more evident at elevated rather than ambient CO conditions and correlated with improved acid phosphatase activity in the plants at elevated CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation, HA supplementation, and elevated CO in the air had an additive effect of increasing the content of soluble sugars, proteins, and phenolics in bulbs. While high levels of sugars and proteins enhanced the energetic value of onions, the increase in phenolics improved their antioxidant properties. The triple interaction between mycorrhization, HA fertilization, and elevated CO also increased the ratio between soluble solids and total titratable acidity, which may enhance the perception of sweetness and make onions more pleasant for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. EFFECTS OF SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS ON INCREASE IN BULB SIZE OF IN VITRO REGENERATED HYACINTH (Hyacinthus orientalis L.) BULBLETS.
- Author
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KIZIL, Suleyman, SOGUT, Tahsin, ACAY, Umit, SARIHAN, Berfin, SESIZ, Ugur, and KHAWAR, Khalid Mahmood
- Subjects
HYACINTHS ,SUCROSE ,PLANT growth ,PLANT micropropagation ,GERMINATION - Abstract
In vitro regenerated bulblets of Hyacinthus orientalis L., improved their size using MS medium containing different sucrose concentrations. The sucrose concentrations showed higher growth and better development of the bulblets on MS medium stored at 24 °C. Sucrose showed the highest performance rate at 9 % concentration for both small and large bulblets. Sucrose treatments showed positive effects of induction of bulb diameter, number of shoots per bulb, shoot length and bulb weight in the culture medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
23. A study on growing techniques of native Narcissus tazetta
- Author
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F. G. Çelikel, Sari, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Cultivation ,Vase life ,Narcissus tazetta ,Cut flowers ,Horticulture ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Planting time ,Flowering period ,Crop quality ,Bulb size ,Flower quality - Abstract
The effect of planting time (September, October and November) and the size of flower bulbs (12.1-14, 10.1-12 and 8.1-10 cm) on flower quality and flowering period of natural Narcissus tazetta naturally grown in Ordu in Black Sea region were investigated. Tepal width, tepal length, corona diameter, corona length, perianth tube length, flower size, flower stem length, flower stem diameter, the pedicel length, ovary length, the number of flowers per stem, flower diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, vase life, yield and flowering period were determined. The best quality of flowers as well as the highest flowering rate was obtained from the flower bulbs with a circumference of 12-14 cm. The smaller bulbs with a circumference of 10-12 cm gave only a few flowers whereas the smallest ones did not give any flowers. Therefore, it is suggested that the minimum circumference of the bulbs should be at least 12-14 cm for cut flower production of Narcissus tazetta. September was the best planting time for Narcissus tazetta cut flower production as to the flower quality and harvest period. The flowering period was extended to about 3 months from January 15 to April 11 by planting the bulbs at 3 different times. © 2019 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved. This research project (PYO.ZRT. ? ? ? ?. ? ?. ? ? ?) was supported by Project Management Office of Ondokuz Mayis University in Samsun, Turkey.
- Published
- 2019
24. Evaluation of Onion Genotypes for Growth and Bulb Yield in Mid Hill of Nepal
- Author
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Binod Prasad Luitel, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Navin Gopal Pradhan, and Sujan Subedi
- Subjects
Crop yield ,Randomized block design ,lcsh:S ,Biology ,bulb size ,biology.organism_classification ,bulb diameter ,yield ,Bulb ,Allium ,Open pollination ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Horticulture ,bulb shape ,Yield (wine) ,Division (horticulture) ,Hectare - Abstract
Experiments were conducted at Horticulture Research Division (HRD), Khumaltar, Lalitpur; and Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Kimugaun, Dailekh in 2017/18 to evaluate the high yielding open pollinated genotypes of onion in mid hills of both locations. Five onion genotypes namely AVON-1016, AVON-1027, AVON-1028, AVON-1052, AVON-1074 and AVON-1103 received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre were evaluated with local check variety and recommended variety Red Creole in both locations in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The main objective of the experiment is to findout the high yielding open pollinated onion genotypes for mid hill condition.The pooled analysis of data over locations showed significant differences on plant height, neck diameter, bulb diameter, weight of bulbs and adjusted bulb yield per hectare. Introduced genotypes AVON 1027 (38.83 t/ha), AVON 1052 (31.97 t/ha) and AVON 1028 (31.48 t/ha) produced significantly higher yield than recommended and commercially cultivated check variety Red Creole (27.04 t/ha). Therefore the genotype AVON 1027 can be selected as the best genotype for growing in mid hills of Nepal
- Published
- 2019
25. Effects of shading on growth and bulb quality of tulip 'Strong Gold' produced on highland of Chiang Mai
- Author
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Sukritpong Kamonsit, Chaiatid Inkham
- Subjects
bulb formation ,photosynthesis ,bulb size ,light intensity - Abstract
Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 49, 6, 1563-15571
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Influence of planting date and bulb size on yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production
- Author
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Amsalu Nebiyu, Derbew Belew, and Teshome Ashagrie
- Subjects
biology ,Field experiment ,Sowing ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,bulb size ,TP368-456 ,biology.organism_classification ,quality seed ,040401 food science ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Food processing and manufacture ,Bulb ,Horticulture ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Yield (wine) ,planting date ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Allium ,Production (economics) ,onion ,Food Science - Abstract
Constraints are reported for the low productivity and quality of onion seed production in Ethiopia. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Kobo sub-center research station and Libso investment farm to study the influence of planting date and onion bulb size on yield and quality of onion seed. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and involved three levels of onion bulb sizes and four levels of planting dates. The results of the study revealed that significant interactions between planting date and mother bulb size on seed yield ton ha-1, germination percentage, seed vigor index I and seed vigor index II. The highest seed yield (2.8 tons ha−1) was recorded from large onion bulbs of a size planted at Kobo early—October. Planted onion bulbs early-October increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 21.7%) than planted early-November. Regarding onion bulb size, large bulbs increased seed yield (ton ha−1 by 40%) than the small bulbs. The highest (97.3) germination percentage was recorded from large onion bulbs planted at Kobo in early-October. Therefore, for the production of better yield and quality of onion seeds, early-October planting and large onion bulbs (4.1–5 cm) can be recommended in the study areas and other similar agro-ecology areas of the country.
- Published
- 2021
27. Yield, Quality, and Storage Characteristics of Onion Cultivars in the Columbia Basin of Washington in 2012-14.
- Author
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Wohleb, Carrie H. and Waters, Timothy D.
- Subjects
CULTIVARS ,ONIONS ,BOTRYTIS diseases ,BOTRYOTINIA ,ENTEROBACTERIACEAE - Abstract
An onion (Allium cepa) cultivar trial is conducted in the Columbia Basin of Washington every year. The trial helps onion growers, packers, processors, and seed companies compare cultivars and identify those most suited to their operations. This report evaluates 54 onion cultivars that were in the trials 2 years or more from 2012 to 2014. Marketable yields of cultivars averaged 764 to 1314 cwt/acre. 'TTA-747', 'Scout', 'SV6672NW', 'Montero', 'XP07716000', and 'SV4058NV' had the highest yields. All cultivars produced more jumbo-sized (3 to 4 inches) bulbs compared with any other size category, but those with the largest percentages of jumbo bulbs were Utrero, Gunnison, and Sedona. 'Scorpion', 'Ruby Ring', and 'Purple Haze' had the largest percentages of medium (2.25 to 3 inches) bulbs, and 'Montero' and 'Ovation' had the largest combined percentages of jumbo and colossal (>4 inches) bulbs. Cultivar differences were evident in the 2012 and 2014 trials when many of the onions flowered (bolted). Cultivars averaged 0.0 to 15.5 bolted onions per plot when 2012 and 2014 results were combined. 'Trekker', 'Highlander', 'Trailblazer', 'Ruby Ring', 'NUN8003ON', and 'Milestone' had the fewest bolted onions.Cultivar differences were also apparent when several aspects of bulb quality were evaluated after 4 months in storage. 'Utrero', 'Trekker', 'NUN7202ON', and 'Tamara' had the most uniformly shaped bulbs. Bulbs of 'Crockett', 'Legend', and 'Utrero' had the most complete skins. 'Crockett', 'Talon', 'Utrero', 'Legend', 'Gunnison', and 'Tamara' had the firmest bulbs. Only 14 of 54 cultivars averaged more than 74% functionally single-centered bulbs. 'NUN7202ON', 'Arcero', 'Joaquin', and 'Utrero' had the largest percentages of bulbs with single centers or small multiple centers. There were more rots caused by bacteria (Enterobacter sp.) in bulbs produced in the 2014 trial than in 2012 and 2013, probably due to a high incidence of internal dry scale in 2014. Incidence of bacterial rot in cultivars was not significantly different in 2014, but there were some cultivar differences in 2012 and 2013. Incidence of fungal neck rot (caused by Botrytis sp.) in these trials was low and therewere no significant cultivar differences.The results of these trials demonstrate that many new and advanced experimental cultivars have attributes that couldmake them a good choice for onion growers in the Columbia Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The interaction between mycorrhizal inoculation, humic acids supply and elevated atmospheric CO2 increases energetic and antioxidant properties and sweetness of yellow onion
- Author
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Átila Francisco Mógor, Nieves Goicoechea, Marcelle Michelotti Bettoni, Volnei Pauletti, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Governo Brasil
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Allium cepa ,Humic substances ,Titratable acid ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,01 natural sciences ,Bulb qualitative characteristics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dry matter ,biology ,Chemistry ,Inoculation ,Arbuscular mycorrhizae ,fungi ,Acid phosphatase ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Sweetness ,biology.organism_classification ,Bulb ,030104 developmental biology ,Carbon dioxide ,Agronomy ,biology.protein ,Allium ,Bulb size ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The combined application of humic substances and mycorrhizal inocula under increased CO in the air is a promising horticultural technique for improving the quality of greenhouse-grown onion seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the development and qualitative characteristics of bulbs from the yellow onion Allium cepa L. Alfa São Francisco improved with the application of the abovementioned agronomic, biotic, and environmental factors. The lowest dry matter was achieved in bulbs of onions not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, non-amended with humic acids (HA), and grown at ambient CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased bulb biomass in plants cultivated at ambient CO, and not fertilized with HA, which may be a consequence of the enhanced acid phosphatase activity in roots. The application of HA always increased bulb dry matter, which were more evident at elevated rather than ambient CO conditions and correlated with improved acid phosphatase activity in the plants at elevated CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation, HA supplementation, and elevated CO in the air had an additive effect of increasing the content of soluble sugars, proteins, and phenolics in bulbs. While high levels of sugars and proteins enhanced the energetic value of onions, the increase in phenolics improved their antioxidant properties. The triple interaction between mycorrhization, HA fertilization, and elevated CO also increased the ratio between soluble solids and total titratable acidity, which may enhance the perception of sweetness and make onions more pleasant for consumption., This study has been supported by the ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’ (Spain) (BFU2011-26989). Marcelle M. Bettoni received a grant from ‘Los CAPES y Coordenação do Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia - Produção Vegetal’ from the Brazilian Government.
- Published
- 2017
29. Planting time and bulb size affect the quantitative properties of Narcissus tazetta
- Author
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F.G. Çelikel, Ö. Sari, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Quantitative analyses ,Horticulture ,biology ,Sowing ,Narcissus tazetta ,Bulb size ,biology.organism_classification ,Affect (psychology) ,Planting time ,Bulb - Abstract
The effects of planting time and bulb size on the plant growth and development characteristics of Narcissus tazetta (‘Paperwhite’, ‘Bunch-Flowered Narcissus’) flowers were investigated as one of the first studies on quantitative analysis of bulbous flowers. Narcissus tazetta bulbs, which were removed from their native habitat in August, were divided into three sizes (12.1 to 14, 10.1 to 12 and 8.1 to 10 cm) according to the circumference and planted at 3 different times (September, October and November). After harvest, stem weight ratio, leaf weight ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf thickness were determined as quantitative measurements. Leaf area was measured by planimeter. Dry weights of plant samples were determined and plant growth parameters were calculated according to the models adapted to the bulbous plants. Results on growth parameters showed planting time significantly affected the leaf thickness, leaf weight ratio and stem weight ratio. The differences among the bulb sizes were not statistically significant on quantitative measurements. Planting time and bulb size did not affect the leaf area ratio and specific leaf area. The results showed that plant growth parameters can be used in modeling studies on cut flower production of bulbous flowers. © 2019 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved. These results are belong to the master research project (PYO.ZRT. ? ? ? ?. ? ?. ? ? ?) supported by Project Management Office of Ondokuz Mayis University in Samsun, Turkey.
- Published
- 2019
30. The interaction between mycorrhizal inoculation, humic acids supply and elevated atmospheric CO2 increases energetic and antioxidant properties and sweetness of yellow onion
- Author
-
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Governo Brasil, Bettoni, Marcelle M., Mogor, Átila F., Pauletti, Volnei, Goicoechea, Nieves, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Governo Brasil, Bettoni, Marcelle M., Mogor, Átila F., Pauletti, Volnei, and Goicoechea, Nieves
- Abstract
The combined application of humic substances and mycorrhizal inocula under increased CO in the air is a promising horticultural technique for improving the quality of greenhouse-grown onion seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the development and qualitative characteristics of bulbs from the yellow onion Allium cepa L. Alfa São Francisco improved with the application of the abovementioned agronomic, biotic, and environmental factors. The lowest dry matter was achieved in bulbs of onions not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, non-amended with humic acids (HA), and grown at ambient CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased bulb biomass in plants cultivated at ambient CO, and not fertilized with HA, which may be a consequence of the enhanced acid phosphatase activity in roots. The application of HA always increased bulb dry matter, which were more evident at elevated rather than ambient CO conditions and correlated with improved acid phosphatase activity in the plants at elevated CO. Mycorrhizal inoculation, HA supplementation, and elevated CO in the air had an additive effect of increasing the content of soluble sugars, proteins, and phenolics in bulbs. While high levels of sugars and proteins enhanced the energetic value of onions, the increase in phenolics improved their antioxidant properties. The triple interaction between mycorrhization, HA fertilization, and elevated CO also increased the ratio between soluble solids and total titratable acidity, which may enhance the perception of sweetness and make onions more pleasant for consumption.
- Published
- 2017
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