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Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap jejak genosida VOC di Kepulauan Banda tahun 1621 sebagai sebuah memoria in passionis kepada sebuah kejujuran penulisan sejarah (truestoriografi) di masa kini. Fenomena ikonoklasme yang marak terjadi di Belanda bagaikan badai Nieuwe Beelden harus dimengerti sebagai sebuah kesadaran historis baru yang sedang tumbuh dalam kehidupan warga dunia. Dalam kesadaran baru itulah hasrat untuk menuliskan ulang sejarah kehidupan orang Banda menjadi penting bagi masa depan yang lebih baik. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan perspektif fenomenologi-historis lewat penelusuran sumber-sumber sejarah terkait. Hasil telaah ini merekomendasikan sebuah upaya menuliskan ulang sejarah dengan cara yang lebih jujur, adil dan terbuka demi masa depan bersama. Kesadarn rasional sangat diutamakan ketika berhadapan dengan ikon-ikon kolonial di ruang publik agar tetap dapat memahami konteks sejarah masa lalu dengan sikap yang berkeadilan demi kedamaian hidup bersama

Artikel ini menjelaskan ingatan sejarah (memoria-historis) dari masyarakat korban peristiwa letusan gunung Api Banda tahun 1988. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah selain untuk mengetahui ingatan sejarah peristiwa tersebut, juga untuk memahami kehidupan masyarakat terdampak pasca peristiwa erupsi dan harapan mereka dalam menata masa depannya. Penelitian adalah penelitian historis dengan pendekatan fenomenologi historis dengan tahapan antara lain heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menemukan, bahwa peristiwa tahun 1988 merupakan erupsi terakhir dalam sejarah letusan gunung berapi di Banda, Maluku Tengah. Erupsi itu telah menewaskan 3 orang warga dan mengahancurkan 8 perkampungan di pulau Vulkanik tersebut, yakni Kampung Sambayang, Batu Kuda, Batu Angus, Kalobe, Paser Basar, Tanjung Baru, Nawao dan Kapal Pica, dalam satu wilayah admistratif Desa Gunung Api Utara. Erupsi 1988 melumpukan aktivitas perekonomian masyrakat beberapa waktu. Di tempat pengunsian, warga pengunsi harus menjalani kehidupan mereka dengan makan dan tidur seadanya. Dampak dari peristiwa itu telah melahirkan “Banda Baru” sebuah pemukiman pengunsi orang Banda di Pulau Seram. Masyarakat yang terkena dampak letusan gunung berapi kehilangan pemukiman dan tempat tinggalnya atas jasa Des Alwi (anak angkat Hatta-Sjahrir) diberikan lahan kosong untuk membangun temt tinggalnya masing-masing.

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang Masjid Tua dan Syiar Islam di Negeri Selamon Banda. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpertasi dan historiografi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ditekankan pada studi sejarah lisan (oral histori) dan tradisi lisan (oral tradition). Hasil penelitian ini menemukkan, keberadaaan masjid tua Negeri Selamon hingga kini merupakan bukti peninggalan sejarah syiar Islam di tanah Banda. Masjid tua itu menjadi salah satu titik peradaban awal Islam diperkenalkan dan melembaga di Banda Naira. Sumber lisan menuturkan mesjid Tua Negeri Selamon di bangun pada tahun 1512M, bertepatan dengan tanggal 9 syaban 932 H. Pembangunan masjid ini diprakarsai oleh seorang tokoh ulama yang bernama Almuqarram Syekh Al-Barra atau yang akrabnya di panggil datuk Kakiali. Dalam proses pembangunan masjid tersebut, Syekh Al-Barra di bantu seorang tokoh yang bernama Datauw, dua orang kapitang bernama Kodiat Ali dan Kodiat Amir bersama beberapa orang hulubalang dan masyarakat setempat. Pada Abad ke-17 Gubernur VOC, T’Sionck menjadikan Masjid tua tersebut, sebagai kantor admstratif pemerintahan dan penginapan bagi pasukan Kompeni Belanda, T’Sionck, tidak mengijinkan penduduk Slamon untuk melaksanakan ibadah di mesjid itu, sehingga memicu rekasi dan protes keras dari orang Banda atas pengalihan fungsi mesjid tersebut. Tragedi jatuhnya lampu gantung mesjid di mesjid Selamon yang menimpah tentara VOC, menjadi pemicu Belanda melakukan pembantaian orang kaya Banda dan pengusurian pendudukanya pada 1621. Dalam konteks syiar Islam di Selamon, kini diwujudkan praktek kebudayaan berbentuk tradisi buka kampong, tarian cakalele belang adat yang mengambarkan perpaduan nilai-nilai islam dengan budaya masyarakat adat.

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Background Groundwater is the main source of water for drinking and other domestic use for the people of Banda. The main objective was to assess water quality in selected springs in Banda in the Kampala district. The specific objectives were to determine the pH, electroconductivity, alkalinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, mineral, and heavy metal content of the water samples as well as their fecal coliform counts. Methodology Two samples were collected from each spring at an interval of one week. Electroconductivity and pH measurements were done on-site using a conductivity meter and a digital pH meter respectively. Alkalinity and chlorine content was determined by titration, total dissolved solids by the gravimetric method, and turbidity by use of a turbidity meter while Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for both mineral and heavy metal analysis. Fecal coliforms were enumerated using the membrane filtration method. Minerals assessed were calcium, potassium, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium while lead, cadmium, copper, and arsenic were the heavy metals of interest. Results Results showed the following concentration ranges: pH (4.71-6.26), electro conductivity (218.80-621.00 µS/cm), alkalinity (10.35-60.40 mg/L), total dissolved solids (111.90-323.20 mg/L), turbidity (2-3 FTU), Sodium (16.11-34.45mg/L), Chlorine (17.73-49.25 mg/L), Calcium (4.81-20.05 mg/L), Magnesium (2.50-4.87 mg/L), Potassium (4.05-11.85 mg/L) and Lead (0.17-0.24 mg/L), Copper (1.69-2.66 mg/L), Cadmium (0.02-0.08 mg/L), Arsenic (0.005-0.01 mg/L). Fecal coliforms ranged between 1150 and 2700 colony-forming units/100ml. Conclusion From analyses carried out, spring water from Banda is chemically and microbiologically unsuitable for drinking-water purposes except after some form of treatment. Recommendations National Water and Sewerage Cooperation should take urgent action by carrying out more research on all water springs in this area. Residents of this area should be encouraged to use tap water than spring water until further analyses are carried out.

Copyright of European Journal of Applied Business & Management is the property of ISAG - European Business School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta investigación surgió ante la necesidad de comprender los significados construidos a partir de la música como eje de transformación social para la paz en una comunidad del contexto rural en el departamento de Nariño. Esta incidencia social mediante la música se ubicó en las periferias del municipio de San Juan de Pasto llamados corregimientos o veredas donde existe beneficio directo para niños, niñas y jóvenes de la comunidad. Por lo tanto, identificó como objeto de estudio a la Asociación Banda Escuela de Música Guadalupana del corregimiento de Catambuco, territorio ubicado en la cabecera municipal de San Juan de Pasto. Mediante un estudio de caso se buscó describir y analizar la incidencia de sus procesos musicales en la transformación social y sus cambios significativos en esta región. Esta investigación comprendió tres etapas de ejecución realizadas en los meses de enero y febrero del año 2019 respectivamente. Lo anterior, identificó la importancia de la acción comunitaria de la música como transformador social para la paz a partir de la construcción de valores humanos en la formación del ser como fundamento, que surge en comunidades de la zona rural. Esto último identificándose como problemática de investigación necesaria para contextualizar la vinculación de este tipo de procesos musicales que responden a necesidades específicas de su propio contexto, que interactúa con las dinámicas socioculturales constantemente siendo así un aspecto fundamental y aporte valioso para Colombia en la construcción de Paz y la transformación social mediante la música desde la zona rural. Esta incidencia social influyó en las dinámicas afectivas de la comunidad beneficiada a nivel personal, familiar y de las relaciones interpersonales. Este impacto social se expresó a su vez en un cambio cultural para esta comunidad, cuna de talento artístico.

Present study examines the current situation of food insecurity in Banda district of Bundelkhand region on the basis of measures of food quality and food quantity. Coping strategy index (CSI) and dietary diversity index has been used as qualitative and subjective measures to capture the dimensions of food accessibility and food vulnerability. Dietary pattern has been taken as a quantitative and objective measure to capture the dimension of food availability. The study emphasize on the coping strategies adopted by the households supported by declining dietary status, dietary diversity and meal pattern of the households. Data used for the analysis were obtained from 240 households that were selected from sixteen villages on the basis of multistage stratified random sampling. Study shows that the frequency and intensity of coping strategies opted by the households increases as the intensity of food insecurity within the household increases. The CSI shows high condition of food insecurity and recommends periodic evaluation and monitoring of food insecurity at different time across the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banda Islands, also known as the "Spice Islands", is a group of spice-producing islands located in central Maluku District. The Banda Islands are included in the UNESCO tentative list as the World Heritage Centre with the criteria (iv), (vi), (x). Banda islands are also included in the National Tourism Destination (DPN) Maluku province and one of the National Tourism Development Area of Indonesia (KPPN). Banda Islands as a tourist destination has been known for a long time because of the diversity of attractions. However, in its development, tourism in the Banda islands has not shown significant results in the last decade. The management of the Banda Islands tourism involves many actors both from the government, private and community sectors. This study was conducted to find out 1) the development of the Banda Islands Tourism Management, 2) identify the participating stakeholders, 3) know the role of each stakeholders and 4) describe the collaboration between stakeholders in Banda Islands Tourism Management. This research uses qualitative methods, primary data collection is done by observation, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The selection of respondents in the interview is determined purposive sampling based on consideration and capacity in the tourism management of Banda District. The data analysis technique used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis used to qualitatively describe the data obtained from the research site. The results shows that 1) Coordination between stakeholders has not been well so that the role of each stakeholder in tourism management has not shown maximum results, 2) The role of the private sector is too . so that the tourism development carried out by the public sector has not worked well.

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The object of this study is the Peruvian legislation on organized crime. The main objective of the research is to identify the dogmatic assumptions essential for the systematic interpretation of its statements. The materials consulted were criminal laws, doctrine and national jurisprudence. From the analysis of the legislation, it is noted that these budgets consist of: (i) establishing a glossary of the terms to be used (ii) determining the evolution of the most relevant legal instruments (iii) break down organised crime into a scheme of autonomous types of organisation, aggravated specific subtypes, special generic aggravating circumstances and autonomous types of gang. Finally, it is noted that adopting a fractional perspective of this regulation can lead to a diversity of positions that undermine legal certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent archaeological research focused on African history has stressed the active quality of materials and materiality in the configuration of social life. These perspectives intersect with research into what Jane Guyer and other scholars have termed the "compositional" character of African social practice. In this special issue, "Investigating Creativity and Improvisation through Archaeological Sources," contributors take up the question of how to investigate improvisation as a key source of creativity, tradition, and social resilience using archaeological sources. In this introduction, I locate creativity and improvisation in intellectual crosscurrents; highlight the analytical strategies that help archaeologists to study improvisation and creativity; and illustrate the potential of those strategies through a discussion of crafting and composition of shrines in the Banda area of west central Ghana. Like other contributions to the issue, the focus is on how people assembled new materials in novel ways at the same time as they built on precedence in responding to the shifting interfaces of wider continental and intercontinental connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Connectomes Related to Human Diseases (CRHD) initiative was developed with the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to provide high-resolution, open-access, multi-modal MRI data to better understand the neural correlates of human disease. Here, we present an introduction to a CRHD project, the Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety (BANDA) study, which is collecting multimodal neuroimaging, clinical, and neuropsychological data from 225 adolescents (ages 14–17), 150 of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Our transdiagnostic recruitment approach samples the full spectrum of depressed/anxious symptoms and their comorbidity, consistent with NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We focused on an age range that is critical for brain development and for the onset of mental illness. This project sought to harmonize imaging sequences, hardware, and functional tasks with other HCP studies, although some changes were made to canonical HCP methods to accommodate our study population and questions. We present a thorough overview of our imaging sequences, hardware, and scanning protocol. We detail similarities and differences between this study and other HCP studies. We evaluate structural-, diffusion-, and functional-image-quality measures that may be influenced by clinical factors (e.g., disorder, symptomatology). Signal-to-noise and motion estimates from the first 140 adolescents suggest minimal influence of clinical factors on image quality. We anticipate enrollment of an additional 85 participants, most of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. Clinical and neuropsychological data from the first 140 participants are currently freely available through the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive (NDA).

Copyright of Ricercare is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El método Yamaha ClassBand es un sistema de enseñanza musical novedoso en España mediante el cual los alumnos aprenden a través de la práctica instrumental, formando una banda entre todos los miembros del grupo-clase. Nuestro propósito fue conocer una experiencia concreta del método en un centro de la Comunidad de Madrid, el IES Las Rozas 1. Estamos ante una experiencia que tiene como objetivos favorecer un aprendizaje musical significativo, la motivación intrínseca y el aprendizaje cooperativo. Nos acercamos a las particularidades del método, las fases de trabajo, y evaluamos sus ventajas más significativas, así como algunos de los retos que supone para los docentes. Uno de los riesgos existentes al adoptar el método ClassBand es el de prestar una atención exclusiva a aspectos interpretativos en la asignatura de música, así como hacer depender a los alumnos de la asociación vista-digitación sin una suficiente participación del oído musical. Reflejamos también las sugerencias de mejora planteadas por alumnos que han experimentado el método. La demanda de más horas lectivas semanales dedicadas a la asignatura de Música es la propuesta más frecuente entre estos estudiantes.

André Gide and Marc Allégret witnessed a ganza initiation dance of the Banda of Oubangui-Chari in Bambari in 1925. While Allégret filmed the spectacle, Gide jotted down a few pages expressing disappointment at the performance organized for Whites passing through. But the French writer and, for different and sometimes conflicting reasons, the administrators and missionaries to whom we owe our earliest ethnographic information on the Banda, were both dreaming of the authenticity of a non-existent ceremony that, for them, was necessarily part of a remote past. By contrast, the images from the first half of the century – photographs, filmed scenes, drawings executed by Europeans who passed quickly through these regions – show that very early on some Banda groups had begun to modify the ganza dance so as to introduce extraneous features and begin a process (which is still evolving) of resemanticizing the initiatory artefacts. This article presents some of these colonial images: an analysis of them reveals, above all, the gaze that, time and again, has weighed on Central African societies, but also allows us to advance some hypothesis on the more recent destiny of these artefacts, which, in the absence of the original initiatory contexts, continue to be reconstructed, sometimes modified, and to be given new significance. Their display arouses ambivalent reactions in the populations, where appreciation of and nostalgia for the past combine with panic at the danger represented by objects of witchcraft.

This article assesses representations of imprisonment without trial and inmates' torture in three novels depicting severely repressive, murderous regimes—Malawi's under Hastings Banda, Ethiopia's under the Derg, and Kenya's under colonial and successive post-colonial rulers. In The Detainee (Kayira 1974), the narrative of a naïve, apolitical villager's unjust detention highlights unrestrained power abuse through minions and gradually uncovers atrocities. Under the Lion's Gaze (Mengiste 2010) depicts several visceral, appalling scenes of torture as a technique of intimidation. Dust (Owuor 2014) has fewer, but harrowingly intense scenes of pain infliction on prisoners as a political tool to silence opposition. All three texts establish their importance as archival evaluations of under-reported regimes, African literary artworks, and morally responsible evocations of undeserved suffering, communicating effectively with both local and international readerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ICT in Muzical Field / Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical is the property of Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical / ICT in Musical Field and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reconsiders the political thought and practice of Hastings Banda, prime minister and then president of Malawi from 1963 to 1994. Often side-lined and maligned in considerations of post-colonial African leaders for being an authoritarian comprador in service to western interests, the article suggests that Banda’s life and practice illustrates a complex interplay between two types of conservatism: a more radical anti-colonial conservatism, and a more reactionary post-colonial conservatism. This approach has important implications for how we consider independence-era African political leadership more generally, and for understanding contemporary public protest in Malawi, and more broadly. Mainstream scholarly interpretations of anti-government protests in Malawi in July 2011 presented them as a response to an uninterrupted continuum of authoritarianism in the country stretching back to Banda, playing on ideas of innate African autocratic tendencies. This article, however, argues that such comparisons result in an ahistorical consideration of post-colonial Malawi, leading to analyses that mistakenly suggest that protests in Malawi, as in other African countries in recent years, are the result of liberal rights claims, as opposed to a nostalgic and markedly different reclamation of the cultural, national and economic promises of African independence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Pensamiento, Palabra y Obra is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

New sedimentary geochemistry and petrographic analyses provide the most extensive sedimentary documentation yet of the rapid denudation of the young Timor orogen. The data from three basins including two widely-separated, well-dated sections of the Synorogenic Megasequence of Timor-Leste, and a re-dated DSDP 262, constrain the source and timing of detrital sediment flux during forearc-continent collision along the Timor sector of the Banda Arc. The exhumed synorogenic piggy-back basins formed above a mélange unit that developed at the expense of a weak stratigraphic horizon in the Mesozoic stratigraphy, and was exhumed to the sea floor in latest Messinian time. Following an interval of deep marine chalky marl sedimentation, an increasingly muddy sediment flux indicates that the island of Timor became emergent and shed sediment by 4.5 Ma. Comparison of exhumed sections with similar patterns in the DSDP262 chemistry suggests that the sediment source was probably located some 50–60 km distant from the basin, which is consistent with the Aileu region of Timor-Leste that shows an appropriate exhumation history. All sedimentation between 4.5 and 3.2 Ma was probably derived from a low-relief, rapidly eroding, and mudstone-dominated landscape with geochemical affinities to the Triassic-mudstone-derived synorogenic mélange. The mélange unit overlies and surrounds the Banda Terrane, and was presumably structurally emplaced by propagation of a decollement through the Triassic rocks during the collision. After 3.2 Ma, sedimentation was dominated by hard rock lithologies of the Banda Terrane, consisting of forearc cover and basement, the latter including elements of metamafic rocks and metapelites. This phase of sedimentation was accompanied by rapid uplift, which may have been partly driven by a transient imbalance between rock uplift and denudation as resistant lithologies emerged from below mélange-like mudstone. Previous work has suggested that the timing of collision in Timor-Leste and West Timor was substantially different. Our reevaluation of DSDP 262 facies migration history in the context of the re-dating presented here, favours a relatively synchronous onset of uplift in both halves of the island, but with different partitioning of strain between the foreland and hinterland in each half of the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The island of Seram, eastern Indonesia, experienced a complex Neogene history of multiple metamorphic and deformational events driven by Australia–SE Asia collision. Geological mapping, and structural and petrographic analysis has identified two main phases in the island's tectonic, metamorphic, and magmatic evolution: (1) an initial episode of extreme extension that exhumed hot lherzolites from the subcontinental lithospheric mantle and drove ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and melting of adjacent continental crust; and (2) subsequent episodes of extensional detachment faulting and strike-slip faulting that further exhumed granulites and mantle rocks across Seram and Ambon. Here we present the results of sixteen 40 Ar/ 39 Ar furnace step heating experiments on white mica, biotite, and phlogopite for a suite of twelve rocks that were targeted to further unravel Seram's tectonic and metamorphic history. Despite a wide lithological and structural diversity among the samples, there is a remarkable degree of correlation between the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages recorded by different rock types situated in different structural settings, recording thermal events at 16 Ma, 5.7 Ma, 4.5 Ma, and 3.4 Ma. These frequently measured ages are defined, in most instances, by two or more 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages that are identical within error. At 16 Ma, a major kyanite-grade metamorphic event affected the Tehoru Formation across western and central Seram, coincident with ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism and melting of granulite-facies rocks comprising the Kobipoto Complex, and the intrusion of lamprophyres. Later, at 5.7 Ma, Kobipoto Complex rocks were exhumed beneath extensional detachment faults on the Kaibobo Peninsula of western Seram, heating and shearing adjacent Tehoru Formation schists to form Taunusa Complex gneisses. Then, at 4.5 Ma, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages record deformation within the Kawa Shear Zone (central Seram) and overprinting of detachment faults in western Seram. Finally, at 3.4 Ma, Kobipoto Complex migmatites were exhumed on Ambon, at the same time as deformation within the Kawa Shear Zone and further overprinting of detachments in western Seram. These ages support there having been multiple synchronised episodes of high-temperature extension and strike-slip faulting, interpreted to be the result of Western Seram having been ripped off from SE Sulawesi, extended, and dragged east by subduction rollback of the Banda Slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ICT in Muzical Field / Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical is the property of Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical / ICT in Musical Field and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec is the property of Société Recherches autochtones au Québec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ICT in Muzical Field / Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical is the property of Tehnologii Informatice si de Comunicatie in Domeniul Muzical / ICT in Musical Field and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)