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Rat is a significant laboratory animal that is used especially in pharmacology, experimantal surgery, onkology and in reproduction and nutrition experiments. Therefore, it is very important to know the dosage of anestetics even for longer an more demanding operations. This bachelor thesis deals mainly with optimimization of anesthetic doses for demanding procedures and comparison of effects of individual anestecics on rat physiology. In the experiment, rats were divided into five experimental groups. The first group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine totaling 3 times, where the first dose was for ketamine 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine; the second and third doses were dosedfor ketamine 50 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg for xylazine. The second group was also administered 3 times with propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine, where the first dose was for propofol 100 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 50 % of the initiation dose. The third group was given a combination of propofol, medetomidine and nalbuphine again 3 times, where the first dose was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbuphine; the subsequent anesthetic dosing was 25 % of the initiation dose. The fourth group was given a combination of ketamine and xylazine only once, where ketamine was 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for xylazine. The last fifth group was given a combination of medetomidine and nalbuphine only once, where the dosage was 100 mg/kg for propofol, 0.1 mg/kg for medetomidine and 10 mg/kg for nalbufine. After inhalation of isoflurane, the rats were given intraperitoneal anesthetics. The results show that the experimental groups used, long-term anesthesia (3 doses of anesthetics) was most, beneficial for rats using a combination of propofol (100 mg/kg), medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and nalbuphine (0.1 mg/kg) kg), where the subsequent doses were 25 % of the initial dose. Furthermore, we found that ketamine and xylazine anesthesia is insufficient for long-term surgery. The prolongation of the surgical phase of anesthesia by repeated administration of a reduced dose of anesthetics is possible, but this anesthesia is characterized by a more frequent occurrence of complications and therefore generally not recommended.

The study was carried out between January 2012 and January 2014 at the Department of Noncommunicable Diseases in Veterinary Academy of Lithuania University of Health and Sciences. The title of work presented in this summary is “The variation of physiological parameters in dogs during general anesthesia“. The aim of the study is to evaluate how general anesthesia influences physiological parameters in dogs using different anesthesia protocols. The research topic is relevant to veterinary in general because more and more dogs every day experience general anesthesia due to increased demand for surgical treatment and diagnosis. The object of the study were dogs (♀, ♂, Canis lupus familiaris) that had been under general anesthesia at the time of the study (n=30). Observation that was made on the effects of general anesthesia involved using six different protocols. The result were drawn after statistical analysis. Physiological parameters that were evaluated in dogs during general anesthesia were body temperature, number of inspiration, heart rate per minute, visible mucous membrane discoloration, capillary filling time, the lower jaw and eye reflexes, saturation, the required amount of oxygen and concentration of sevoflurane that was used during general anastehsia. The examination of anesthesia protocols and data comparing them with each other it became clear that the soreness similar operations in 2 and 5 groups were variation of physiological parameters was slight. As well as the 2 and 5 groups of animals during anesthesia needed less sevoflurane. The most common complications using different groups of mixed anestetics are hypothermia, bradycardia, tachycardia and the surpession of the breathing system. Statistical data analysis was rated by IBM SPSS Statistics 20 ir Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The volume of work is 48 pages, 9 tables, 9 pictures. Total count of used literature sources – 40.