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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Generation X often receives less attention in generational analysis due to its perceived lack of distinctiveness compared to preceding and succeeding generations in the contemporary United States. Politically, there is little justification for distinguishing Generation X as it is commonly defined, yet it harbors significant political divergence between its older and younger cohorts. In terms of partisanship, ideology, and public policy preferences, Generation X is markedly divided, essentially comprising two distinct political generations. Generation X can thus be viewed as the in‐between generation representing the political dividing line between young and old. The dividing point is the birth year of 1973. Due to the considerable differences in the political climate during their formative years, those Gen Xers born before 1973 lean considerably more conservative and Republican than those born in 1973 and afterward. Related Articles: Fisher, Patrick. 2020. "Generational Replacement and the Impending Transformation of the American Electorate." Politics & Policy 48(1): 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12340. Shaykhutdinov, Renat. 2019. "Socialization, Rationality, and Age: Generational Gaps and the Attitudes toward the Chechen War in Russia." Politics & Policy 47(5): 931–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12323. Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. "Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?" Politics & Policy 44(5): 889–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Although studies have demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, those correlating COVID-19 statistics with the psychosocial repercussions in older adults are as yet incipient. Objective. Evaluate the screening of stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in older adults throughout the pandemic and their relationship with the occurrence and severity metrics of COVID-19. Method. An ecological, time-series, web-based survey study was conducted in the population aged 60 and over who use digital media. Data collection was undertaken between July 2020 and January 2021 in eight Brazilian cities and included 2,712 older adults. Results. There was an upward trend in anxiety and depression symptoms in Brasília-DF, and a downward trend in these symptoms in Divinópolis-MG. It was also possible to identify correlations between mental disorder symptom scores and COVID-19 occurrence and severity metrics in two of the cities evaluated. Discussion and conclusion. This study is one of the first to explore the relationship between COVID-19 indicators and mental health variables in older adults, showing that changes in the occurrence and severity metrics of the Novel Coronavirus may be followed by changes in the frequency of mental health problems in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore the perception of loneliness of patients over 65 years of age with chronic pathologies that allude to this feeling. Method: The sample consisted of 36 patients (M=81.75; 50% men; 50% women) from a basic area (ABS) in Barcelona. The feeling of loneliness was evaluated with the UCLA scale and the question was asked: Could you describe why you feel lonely? Results: The results revealed a feeling of slight loneliness in (17%); moderate in (30%) and severe in (53%). The analysis of the responses showed that feelings of loneliness are associated with loss, estrangement or filial rupture, and the feeling of abandonment, which they described as disturbing, negative, and painful. Conclusions: Everyone feels alone, even if they are not, it is necessary to identify this feeling of loneliness, since it influences the state of physical and mental health that deteriorates the quality of life of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The characteristics of synovial fluid (SF) in geriatric patients differ from those in younger patients. In Mexico, epidemiologic data on the incidence of different rheumatic diseases in geriatric patients are scarce. To describe the physical characteristics of geriatric SF and the prevalence of crystals in knee and other joint aspirates from patients with previously diagnosed joint disease. A retrospective study was performed with a baseline of 517 SF samples between 2011 and 2023. White blood cell count was performed by Neubauer chamber and crystals were identified by polarized light microscopy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and prevalence was reported as a percentage. The mean age of the adults was 73.5 ± 5.0 years, 54.4% were women and 45.6% were men. The mean SF volume was 6.3 ± 9.5 mL in older adults and 15.3 ± 24.9 mL in those younger than 65 years. The mean viscosity in older adults was 9.5 ± 4.5 mm and the mean leukocyte count was 7352 ± 16,402 leukocytes/mm3. Seventy percent of the older adults' SFs were referred to the laboratory for osteoarthritis (OA), with lower proportions for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (14.6%) and gout (5.1%). Of the crystals observed in the geriatric population, 14.6% corresponded to monosodium urate crystals (CUM) and 18.9% to calcium pyrophosphate crystals (CPP). The characteristics of LS in older adults were smaller volume, increased viscosity, and non-inflammatory. The main diagnoses were OA, RA, and gout. The crystal content of the SF of the geriatric population corresponded mainly to CPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los programas de protección social se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable y efectiva para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población en situación de pobreza y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se examinan los cinco principales programas de transferencias monetarias de Colombia, y se estudian su historia, su focalización, su cobertura, su operatividad y los compromisos fiscales derivados de su implementación. Asimismo, se hace una revisión de las evaluaciones de impacto de estos programas y sus resultados en múltiples indicadores sociales. Este trabajo es un primer intento de consolidación de la información existente sobre el tema en Colombia, que permite entender de manera comprehensiva el alcance y los retos de estos programas, así como identificar posibles áreas de investigación y mejora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: calcular los costes directos medios relacionados con la mano de obra de una cuidadora a domicilio remunerada a la hora de llevar a cabo los procedimientos que conforman la atención integral a una mujer mayor totalmente dependiente. Método: microcosteo cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, en forma de estudio de caso único, con datos recogidos de agosto a septiembre de 2023, en una residencia de un municipio de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: los costes medios fueron de US$ 0,39 por aspiración de las vías respiratorias superiores; US$ 1,41 por baños en la cama, hacer la cama y vestirla; US$ 0,43 por la dieta del catéter enteral; US$ 0,07 por la higiene ocular; US$ 0,13 por la higiene bucal; US$ 0,15 por lavarle el pelo en la cama; US$ 0,08 por la medicación del catéter enteral; US$ 0,07 por los cambios de decúbito; US$ 0,17 por los cambios de pañal. En total, US$ 6,37 estadounidenses al día. Conclusión: La contribución de este estudio es proponer una base racional para establecer el precio justo de los procedimientos que forman parte de la atención integral a las personas mayores totalmente dependientes, llevada a cabo por cuidadores a domicilio remunerados.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the experience in laparoscopic resective colorectal surgery in older than 75 years old, during 2004 to 2019 in INDISA Clinic. Material and Methods: It’s a transversal study about all the elective laparoscopic surgeries with colorectal anastomosis in elderly people, based on electronic clinical records. Results: 48 full laparoscopic surgeries, the majority by colorectal cancer (89.6%) shows optimal quality indicators about nodal harvest in 73.2%. The median duration of hospital stay after surgery was 6 days with 30 days mortality of 2.1%. These results are comparable to the international reports. Discussion: The laparoscopic approach in elderly patients has benefits over the open approach with acceptable morbility and mortality. The intraoperatory balance between surgical risk/security and oncologic prognostic it’s a factor to consider in the decision-making process besides the morbility by the age and the own functional reserve. Conclusion. It’s the first series in Chile about over 75 years patients with laparoscopic resective colorectal surgery. Is feasible and secure to do minimal invasive surgery with acceptable morbility and mortality. Only the age isn’t a contraindication to laparoscopic colorectal surgery. It’s necessary more studies with mayor number of patients to known better the national results and long-term results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classically, it is considered that semantic memory remains preserved in typical aging, although changes in lexical access or in more complex linguistic processing tasks, which require manipulation of several semantic features simultaneously, can be observed. Few studies investigate the semantic processing of verbs, especially in the Portuguese language. In this context, the present study investigates whether semantic features, especially the quantity of movement, influence the performance of young and elderly people in a task of semantic similarity judgment of verbs. For this purpose, 68 cognitively healthy individuals (aged 18 to 80 years), divided into 31 young individuals (20 women, mean age 28.25 years (SD=6.69)) and 37 elderly individuals (26 women, mean age 66 years (SD=5.39)), performed a semantic judgment task, based on pairs of verbs with and without semantic association between them, organized into blocks of low, medium, and high movement. A two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in reaction time (dependent variable) regarding age and quantity of movement, controlled by the independent variables: frequency, familiarity, and specificity. Our results indicate that the quantity of movement is the main variable influencing the semantic processing of verbs in this task, regardless of age. We also found that there is an increase in response time according to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Violence against older adults is a public health problem, being camouflaged in society due to the relationship between aggressors and victims. Objective: to analyze the profile of violence against older person in Brazil according to data from Brazilian capitals between 2011 and 2019, emphasizing the characteristics of the victims, the aggressors and the violence. Materials and Methods: This is a temporal ecological epidemiological research, collecting information from the DATASUS database of the Ministry of Health, and consulting the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The population was made up of older adults with reported cases of violence between 2011 and 2019. Results: The majority of cases were female, with schooling corresponding to incomplete 1st-4th grade, white, with physical violence being the most recurrent, with repetition, within the residence, and the main aggressors were the children. Discussion: The predominance of females is justified by gender/ sociocultural, the majority of victims are white, consistent with Brazilian selfdeclaration, level of education and greater distribution of uneducated older adults. Physical violence is the most prevalent, as it is more visible, favoring its identification. Older adults spend more time at home, triggering risk factors related to the aggressors, with children being more prevalent due to family structural changes. Conclusion: The study made it possible to profile violence against the old person, exposing the characteristics of this population and identifying possible risk/protective factors; the study also made it possible to identify the importance of correctly filling out the report form and the need to readjust the physical form and the information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to earthquakes can cause adverse effects on the mental health of survivors, including an increased risk of PTSD. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyse the previous secondary studies to identify the risk factors for PTSD from children to elderly earthquake survivors. In addition, it aims to consider the complexity of the joint effects of the individual, relational, and contextual risk factors, to also detect the most at-risk families. Method: After reviewing and screening studies from the literature search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO under the guidance of PRISMA guidelines, ten eligible secondary studies were identified that examine the risk factors for PTSD in individuals (from children to elderly) affected by worldwide earthquakes. Results: The analysis of the included studies allowed the identification of a series of sociodemographic, pre-traumatic, peri-traumatic, and post-traumatic PTSD risk factors in children, adolescents, youth, adults, and elderly survivors. The results represent the complexity of the joint effects of these risk factors at individual, relational, and contextual levels. Conclusions: The consideration of the PTSD risk factors highlights the importance of individual characteristics and the type of experiences and exposure in the period before, during, and after the earthquake. This knowledge could allow the early identification of at-risk individuals of different ages and families and the implementation of intervention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Opinião Jurídica is the property of Revista Opiniao Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo es analizar las relaciones sociales resignificadas “como en familia” en centros comunitarios. El estudio es una etnografía realizada en Paysandú, Uruguay, con 84 personas ancianas quienes viven solas, y que participaron en entrevistas individuales y en grupos focales. Para el análisis de las narrativas se utilizó análisis de discurso, análisis de metáforas y análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran un proceso de resignificación de las relaciones entre compañeros en términos de relaciones familiares, cuyo sentido se sustentan en los significados y prácticas del sistema de parentesco consanguíneo. Esta resignificación es realizada por las mujeres ancianas, pero no por los ancianos varones. En base a los hallazgos, la familia continúa como un fuerte referente cultural entre estas mujeres ancianas, al resignificar relaciones entre extraños en términos de familia.

Resumen La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha afectado a más de 163 millones de personas alrededor de todo el mundo, azotando con mayor incidencia y gravedad a la población mayor que vivía en residencias para personas mayores. La población mayor ha sido la mayor víctima debido a la edad avanzada, a las enfermedades crónicas y al déficit que presenta su sistema inmunitario, todo esto sumado al riesgo de residir en un centro gerontológico, y supone el 25% del total de decesos por COVID-19 en Andalucía. Objetivo: Conocer los factores que han influido en el ámbito residencial geriátrico para que la situación de pandemia haya tenido efectos más graves sobre los residentes. Metodología: Se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa, un estudio descriptivo observacional, a través de la realización de cuestionario autoadministrado en 20 residencias de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía analizando lo sucedido desde el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria hasta el 15 de marzo de 2021. Resultados: Los resultados más destacables mostraron dependencia entre el tipo de aislamiento, los recursos humanos disponibles y el modelo de cuidados utilizado, con la incidencia de la pandemia por COVID 19 y los ingresos hospitalarios de residentes y profesionales. Conclusiones: Se hace visible la necesidad de implementar un modelo de cuidados específico centrado en las necesidades de la persona mayor, contando con los recursos humanos necesarios y con la correcta adecuación del entorno para llevar a cabo, si fuese necesario, distintos tipos de aislamiento.

Fundamento: durante el proceso de envejecimiento se generan cambios biológicos, psicológicos y en el rol social del individuo, condicionamientos que requieren de cuidados especiales. Objetivo: identificar la situación actual de los cuidados de salud que ofrece el personal del Centro Gerontológico Diurno San Juan Pablo II de Azaya-Ibarra. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte transversal, desde enero a marzo de 2022. Se trabajó con los 16 trabajadores del Centro Gerontológico diurno San Juan Pablo II de Azaya-Ibarra. Las variables estudiadas fueron: cuidado del ambiente del centro, satisfacción oportuna de las necesidades del adulto mayor, capacitación en el cuidado del adulto mayor, frecuencia de evaluación del adulto mayor, apoyo en el proceso de recuperación del adulto mayor, planificación de actividades encaminadas al mejoramiento de la salud física y mental del adulto mayor, capacitación recibida, planificación de actividades, presencia de profesionales en temas de salud y definición de funciones. Resultados: el 75 % se preocupa por el cuidado de las instalaciones. El 62 % argumentó que las necesidades del adulto mayor son satisfechas de manera oportuna. El 56 % no posee una capacitación adecuada. Más del 50 % expresaron que el personal del centro no apoya en el proceso de recuperación del adulto mayor y que no se planifican actividades encaminadas a la salud física y mental del adulto mayor. El 56 % refirió no ser profesional de salud y el 50 % destaca que las funciones en el centro gerontológico no están claramente definidas Conclusiones: es necesario realizar capacitaciones que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad del cuidado y atención del adulto mayor.

Objective: To describe the recent trends in Parkinson's disease mortality in Mexico during 2000-2020. Method: The adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was calculated using the direct method and the world standard population. Trend analysis was performed with the Joinpoint software. Results: The average mortality rate was 1.26/100,000 inhabitants (SD: 0.09), and males showed higher mortality than females (M/F ratio = 1.60). Older individuals ≥ 70 years old showed higher mortality rates than the rest of the age groups. During the period of study, a significant increase in mortality was observed from 2000 to 2005, while from 2005 to 2020 no significant trend was observed in all the studied groups. Conclusions: In Mexico, males and older individuals showed the highest mortality rates. The socioeconomic regions with high levels of wellness showed the highest mortality rates levels. Parkinson's mortality rate has remained constant since 2005 in Mexico. Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las tendencias recientes de la mortalidad por enfermedad de Parkinson en México durante 2000-2020. Método: La tasa de mortalidad ajustada por 100.000 habitantes se calculó mediante el método directo y usando población estándar mundial. El análisis de tendencias se realizó con el programa Joinpoint. Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad promedio fue de 1,26/100.000 habitantes (DE: 0,09) y los hombres presentaron mayor mortalidad que las mujeres (relación H/M = 1,60). Los individuos ≥70 años presentaron las mayores tasas de mortalidad que el resto de los grupos de edad. Durante el periodo de estudio se observó un aumento significativo de la mortalidad de 2000 a 2005, mientras que de 2005 a 2020 no se observó una tendencia significativa. Conclusiones: Los hombres y de mayor edad mostraron las tasas más altas de mortalidad. Las regiones socioeconómicas con mayor nivel de bienestar presentaron las tasas más altas de mortalidad. La tasa de mortalidad por enfermedad de Parkinson se mantuvo constante desde 2005 en México.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)