8 results on '"acute phase proteins (APP)"'
Search Results
2. C-Reactive Protein: Is Early Prognostic Marker?
- Author
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Yogeshpriya, S., Selvaraj, P., Ansar, Waliza, editor, and Ghosh, Shyamasree, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. Acute Phase Responses Vary Between Children of HbAS and HbAA Genotypes During Plasmodium falciparum Infection
- Author
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Tetteh M, Addai-Mensah O, Siedu Z, Kyei-Baafour E, Lamptey H, Williams J, Kupeh E, Egbi G, Kwayie AB, Abbam G, Afrifah DA, Debrah AY, and Ofori MF
- Subjects
acute phase response (apr) ,acute phase proteins (app) ,plasmodium falciparum ,c-reactive protein ,ferritin and transferrin. ,Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Mary Tetteh,1,2,* Otchere Addai-Mensah,1,* Zakaria Siedu,3,4 Eric Kyei-Baafour,3 Helena Lamptey,3 Jovis Williams,3 Edward Kupeh,5 Godfred Egbi,6 Anna Boadi Kwayie,2 Gabriel Abbam,1,7 David Amoah Afrifah,1 Alexander Yaw Debrah,1 Michael Fokuo Ofori3,4 1Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; 2Laboratory Department, District Hospital, Begoro, Ghana; 3Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; 4West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; 5Laboratory Department, Tema Polyclinic, Tema, Ghana; 6Nutrition Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; 7University Clinic Laboratory, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Michael Fokuo OforiImmunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Post Office Box LG581, Legon, Accra, GhanaTel +233 244 715975Fax +233 302 502182Email mofori@noguchi.ug.edu.ghPurpose: Haemoglobin genotype S is known to offer protection against Plasmodium falciparum infections but the mechanism underlying this protection is not completely understood. Associated changes in acute phase proteins (APPs) during Plasmodium falciparum infections between Haemoglobin AA (HbAA) and Haemoglobin AS (HbAS) individuals also remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate changes in three APPs and full blood count (FBC) indices of HbAA and HbAS children during Plasmodium falciparum infection.Methods: Venous blood was collected from three hundred and twenty children (6 months to 15 years) in Begoro in Fanteakwa District of Ghana during a cross-sectional study. Full blood count (FBC) indices were measured and levels of previously investigated APPs in malaria patients; C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and transferrin measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays.Results: Among the HbAA and HbAS children, levels of CRP and ferritin were higher in malaria positive children as compared to those who did not have malaria. The mean CRP levels were significantly higher among HbAA children (p=0.2e-08) as compared to the HbAS children (p=0.43). Levels of transferrin reduced in both HbAA and HbAS children with malaria, but the difference was only significant among HbAA children (p=0.0038), as compared to the HbAS children. No significant differences were observed in ferritin levels between HbAA and HbAS children in both malaria negative (p=0.76) and positive (p=0.26) children. Of the full blood count indices measured, red blood cell count (p=0.044) and haemoglobin (Hb) levels (p=0.017) differed between HbAA and HbAS in those without malaria, with higher RBC counts and lower Hb levels found in HbAS children. In contrast, during malaria, lymphocyte and platelet counts were elevated, whilst granulocytes and Mean Cell Haematocrit counts were reduced among children of the HbAS genotypes.Conclusion: Significant changes in APPs were found in HbAA children during malaria as compared to HbAS children, possibly due to differences in malaria-induced inflammation levels. This suggests that the HbAS genotype is associated with better control of P. falciparum infection-induced inflammatory response than HbAA genotype.Keywords: acute phase response, APR, acute phase proteins, APP, Plasmodium falciparum, C-reactive protein, ferritin, transferrin more...
- Published
- 2021
4. Confirmation and Identification of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes
- Author
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Robert Z. Harms, Katie R. Ostlund, Monina S. Cabrera, Earline Edwards, Marisa Fisher, and Nora Sarvetnick
- Subjects
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) ,acute phase proteins (APP) ,Vitamin D ,virus ,cytokine ,EndoCAbs ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Multiple environmental triggers have been proposed to explain the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These include viral infections, microbiome disturbances, metabolic disorders, and vitamin D deficiency. Here, we used ELISA to examine blood plasma from juvenile T1D subjects and age-matched controls for the abundance of several circulating factors relevant to these hypotheses. We screened plasma for sCD14, mannose binding lectin (MBL), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), c-reactive protein (CRP), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), human growth hormone, leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, total IgG, total IgA, total IgM, endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAbs), 25(OH) vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, IL-7, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-18BPa. Subjects also were tested for prevalence of antibodies targeting adenovirus, parainfluenza 1/2/3, Coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (EBV VCA), herpes simplex virus 1, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, all subjects were screened for presence and abundance of autoantibodies targeting islet cell cytoplasmic proteins (ICA), glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD65), zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8), insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2), tissue transglutaminase, and thyroid peroxidase, while β cell function was gauged by measuring c-peptide levels. We observed few differences between control and T1D subjects. Of these, we found elevated sCD14, IL-18BPa, and FABP2, and reduced total IgM. Female T1D subjects were notably elevated in CRP levels compared to control, while males were similar. T1D subjects also had significantly lower prevalence of EBV VCA antibodies compared to control. Lastly, we observed that c-peptide levels were significantly correlated with leptin levels among controls, but this relationship was not significant among T1D subjects. Alternatively, adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with c-peptide levels among T1D subjects, while controls showed no relationship between these two factors. Among T1D subjects, the highest c-peptide levels were associated with the lowest adiponectin levels, an indication of insulin resistance. In total, from our examination we found limited data that strongly support any of the hypotheses investigated. Rather, we observed an indication of unexplained monocyte/macrophage activation in T1D subjects judging from elevated levels of sCD14 and IL-18BPa. These observations were partnered with unique associations between adipokines and c-peptide levels among T1D subjects. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Confirmation and Identification of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.
- Author
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Harms, Robert Z., Ostlund, Katie R., Cabrera, Monina S., Edwards, Earline, Fisher, Marisa, and Sarvetnick, Nora
- Subjects
TYPE 1 diabetes ,PATHOLOGY ,ACUTE phase proteins ,CARRIER proteins ,MOLECULAR weights ,INSULINOMA - Abstract
Multiple environmental triggers have been proposed to explain the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These include viral infections, microbiome disturbances, metabolic disorders, and vitamin D deficiency. Here, we used ELISA to examine blood plasma from juvenile T1D subjects and age-matched controls for the abundance of several circulating factors relevant to these hypotheses. We screened plasma for sCD14, mannose binding lectin (MBL), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), c-reactive protein (CRP), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), human growth hormone, leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, total IgG, total IgA, total IgM, endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAbs), 25(OH) vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, IL-7, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-18BPa. Subjects also were tested for prevalence of antibodies targeting adenovirus, parainfluenza 1/2/3, Coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (EBV VCA), herpes simplex virus 1, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finally, all subjects were screened for presence and abundance of autoantibodies targeting islet cell cytoplasmic proteins (ICA), glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD65), zinc transporter 8 (ZNT8), insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2), tissue transglutaminase, and thyroid peroxidase, while β cell function was gauged by measuring c-peptide levels. We observed few differences between control and T1D subjects. Of these, we found elevated sCD14, IL-18BPa, and FABP2, and reduced total IgM. Female T1D subjects were notably elevated in CRP levels compared to control, while males were similar. T1D subjects also had significantly lower prevalence of EBV VCA antibodies compared to control. Lastly, we observed that c-peptide levels were significantly correlated with leptin levels among controls, but this relationship was not significant among T1D subjects. Alternatively, adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with c-peptide levels among T1D subjects, while controls showed no relationship between these two factors. Among T1D subjects, the highest c-peptide levels were associated with the lowest adiponectin levels, an indication of insulin resistance. In total, from our examination we found limited data that strongly support any of the hypotheses investigated. Rather, we observed an indication of unexplained monocyte/macrophage activation in T1D subjects judging from elevated levels of sCD14 and IL-18BPa. These observations were partnered with unique associations between adipokines and c-peptide levels among T1D subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pre-clinical toxicology considerations for vaccine development.
- Author
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Al-Humadi, Nabil
- Subjects
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VACCINATION , *ACUTE phase proteins , *ANESTHESIA , *ASPARTATE aminotransferase , *LEUCOCYTES - Abstract
Vaccine development requires pre-clinical toxicology studies, following good laboratory practice (GLP), before first in human (phase I) use. Many factors are critical in the final outcome of any pre-clinical toxicology study. The study design is one of these critical factors and should be carefully planned to avoid any false negative and/or false positive results. Preparation is another most critical factor in a successful study. Major changes in any procedure during the course of study should be avoided by all means. For example, if the protocol specified the tail as the site of blood collection and this procedure was used for the control group at the day of necropsy, this collection site should never be replaced by another site (e.g. foot, eye, or heart) in all other treatment groups. Food restrictions and acute restraint stress affect clinical pathology data and should be avoided in rodents. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines for frequent blood collections (weekly, monthly, or at necropsy) in any animal species should be strictly followed. Clinical pathology data will be profoundly affected by any diversion from the recommended volumes. If CO 2 is specified in the protocol for anesthesia and/or euthanasia, ensuring enough quantity to use for all groups at necropsy is a very important factor. Using two different anesthetics in any study (e.g. CO 2 vs. pentobarbital) may result in false positive or false negative results in clinical chemistry parameters. Quality assurance elements (SOPs, instrument validation, lab certification etc.) affect the data interpretation and the final outcome of any toxicology study. SOPs should be up to date and written clearly. All lab instruments should be validated and all laboratories should be certified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Acute Phase Response Is a Prominent Renal Proteome Change in Sepsis in Mice
- Author
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Tamás Kaucsár, Matej Vizovišek, Péter Hamar, Robert Vidmar, Gábor Szénási, Boris Turk, Pál Tod, Marko Fonović, and Beáta Róka
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Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Proteome ,Kidney ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Fibrinogen ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,acute kidney injury (AKI) ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,biology ,Haptoglobin ,Acute kidney injury ,Acute-phase protein ,Hemopexin ,Complement C3 ,General Medicine ,Acute Kidney Injury ,Computer Science Applications ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,renal acute phase reaction (APR) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,acute phase proteins (APP) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Acute-Phase Reaction ,Molecular Biology ,mouse ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,biology.protein ,business ,lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ,Acute-Phase Proteins - Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common form of acute kidney injury (AKI). We studied the temporal profile of the sepsis-induced renal proteome changes. (2) Methods: Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (control). Renal proteome was studied by LC-MS/MS (ProteomeXchange: PXD014664) at the early phase (EP, 1.5 and 6 h after 40 mg/kg LPS) and the late phase (LP, 24 and 48 h after 10 mg/kg LPS) of LPS-induced AKI. Renal mRNA expression of acute phase proteins (APP) was assessed by qPCR. (3) Results: Renal proteome change was milder in EP vs. LP. APPs dominated the proteome in LP (proteins upregulated at least 4-fold (APPs/all): EP, 1.5 h: 0/10, 6 h: 1/10, LP, 24 h: 22/47, 48 h: 17/44). Lipocalin-2, complement C3, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and hemopexin were the most upregulated APPs. Renal mRNA expression preceded the APP changes with peak effects at 24 h, and indicated renal production of the majority of APPs. (4) Conclusions: Gene expression analysis revealed local production of APPs that commenced a few hours post injection and peaked at 24 h. This is the first demonstration of a massive, complex and coordinated acute phase response of the kidney involving several proteins not identified previously. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The Acute Phase Response Is a Prominent Renal Proteome Change in Sepsis in Mice.
- Author
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Róka, Beáta, Tod, Pál, Kaucsár, Tamás, Vizovišek, Matej, Vidmar, Robert, Turk, Boris, Fonović, Marko, Szénási, Gábor, and Hamar, Péter
- Subjects
ACUTE phase reaction ,ACUTE phase proteins ,ACUTE kidney failure ,MICE ,SEPSIS ,PROTEOMICS - Abstract
(1) Background: Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common form of acute kidney injury (AKI). We studied the temporal profile of the sepsis-induced renal proteome changes. (2) Methods: Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline (control). Renal proteome was studied by LC-MS/MS (ProteomeXchange: PXD014664) at the early phase (EP, 1.5 and 6 h after 40 mg/kg LPS) and the late phase (LP, 24 and 48 h after 10 mg/kg LPS) of LPS-induced AKI. Renal mRNA expression of acute phase proteins (APP) was assessed by qPCR. (3) Results: Renal proteome change was milder in EP vs. LP. APPs dominated the proteome in LP (proteins upregulated at least 4-fold (APPs/all): EP, 1.5 h: 0/10, 6 h: 1/10; LP, 24 h: 22/47, 48 h: 17/44). Lipocalin-2, complement C3, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and hemopexin were the most upregulated APPs. Renal mRNA expression preceded the APP changes with peak effects at 24 h, and indicated renal production of the majority of APPs. (4) Conclusions: Gene expression analysis revealed local production of APPs that commenced a few hours post injection and peaked at 24 h. This is the first demonstration of a massive, complex and coordinated acute phase response of the kidney involving several proteins not identified previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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