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The human nasal cavity develops from birth with size anatomical changes. This study aims to evaluate the flow parameters and particle deposition parameters. Neonatal and infant nasal cavities are developed using MIMICS 21.0, and the flow is evaluated by ANSYS 2021 R2 using CFD to evaluate velocity, pressure, micro- and nanoparticle depositions under sedentary breathing conditions. Neonatal nasal valve velocity was recorded 3.5 times higher compared to the infant for 1.8 LPM and 2.7 times for 3 LPM. Neonatal vestibular depositions up to 10 µm were 6.6%, which increased to 76% for 60 µm for 1.8 LPM and increased to 21.3% for 10 µm and 79% for 60 µm for 1.8 LPM. The neonatal nasal valve showed maximum depositions of around 35% for 20 µm for both flow rates. Maximum depositions of nanoparticles are in the mid-nasal region. Infant nasal cavities deposit around 1% to 2% for nanoparticles below 20 nm for both flow rates. Neonatal overall microparticle depositions doubled with an increase in flow rate up to 10 µm. The overall deposition efficiency of nanoparticles increases 1.5 times with increasing flow rate. This study will help with the medical administration of aerosol-based medications in the patient and age-specific nasal cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nasal cavity effectively captures the particles present in inhaled air, thereby preventing harmful and toxic pollutants from reaching the lungs. This filtering ability of the nasal cavity can be effectively utilized for targeted nasal drug delivery applications. This study aims to understand the particle deposition patterns in three age groups: neonate, infant, and adult. Materials and methods: The CT scans are built using MIMICS 21.0, followed by CATIA V6 to generate a patient-specific airway model. Fluid flow is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2. Spherical monodisperse microparticles ranging from 2 to 60 µm and a density of 1100 kg/m3 are simulated at steady-state and sedentary inspiration conditions. Results: The highest nasal valve depositions for the neonate are 25% for 20 µm, for infants, 10% for 50 µm, 15% for adults, and 15% for 15 µm. At mid nasal region, deposition of 15% for 20 µm is observed for infant and 8% for neonate and adult nasal cavities at a particle size of 10 and 20 µm, respectively. The highest particle deposition at the olfactory region is about 2.7% for the adult nasal cavity for 20 µm, and it is <1% for neonate and infant nasal cavities. Discussion and conclusions: The study of preferred nasal depositions during natural sedentary breathing conditions is utilized to determine the size that allows medication particles to be targeted to specific nose regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of abrasive material and parameters of the Air-Abrasion device for a particular application is a crucial detail. However, there are no standard recommendations or manuals for choosing these details; the operator must depend on his experience and knowledge of the procedure to select the best possible material and set of parameters. This short review attempts to identify some of the effects that the selection of material and parameters could have on the performance of the Air-Abrasion procedure for a particular application. The material and parameter data are collected from various studies and categorized according to the most popular materials in use right now. These studies are then analyzed to arrive at some inferences on the performance of Air-Abrasion materials and parameters. This review arrives at a few conclusions on the effectiveness of a material and parameter set, and that there is potential for developments in the area of standardizing parameter selection; also, there is scope for further studies on Bio-Active Glass as an alternative to the materials currently used in Air-Abrasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for improved survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, perirenal fluid collections are common surgical complications after renal transplant, with about 0.6 to 18% of patients developing a lymphocele. Conventional treatments include percutaneous aspiration and drainage, laparoscopic fenestration, and open surgical decompression stepwise. Recently, a new image-guided percutaneous transperitoneal balloon fenestration technique has been described as an alternative to the laparoscopic or surgical technique. We present the case of a 25-year-old male patient diagnosed with a lymphocele after 2 months of transplantation and no resolution of the lymphocele with percutaneous aspiration and drainage. We used this new technique under ultrasound and fluoroscopy guidance, which resulted in the resolution of the lymphocele at 1 month postprocedure. This case report highlights this new technique's potential role in successfully managing the posttransplant lymphocele in a minimally invasive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]