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Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), extensively employed in bottles, film, and fiber manufacture, has generated persistent environmental contamination due to its non‐degradable nature. The resolution of this issue requires the conversion of waste PET into valuable products, often achieved through depolymerization into monomers. However, the laborious purification procedures involved in the extraction of monomers pose challenges and constraints on the complete utilization of PET. Herein, a strategy is demonstrated for the polymer‐to‐polymer upcycling of waste PET into high‐value biodegradable and programmable materials named PEXT. This process involves reversible transesterifications dependent on ester bonds, wherein commercially available X‐monomers from aliphatic diacids and diols are introduced, utilizing existing industrial equipment for complete PET utilization. PEXT features a programmable molecular structure, delivering tailored mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation performance. Notably, PEXT exhibits superior mechanical performance, with a maximal elongation at break of 3419.2 % and a toughness of 270.79 MJ m−3. These characteristics make PEXT suitable for numerous applications, including shape‐memory materials, transparent films, and fracture‐resistant stretchable components. Significantly, PEXT allows closed‐loop recycling within specific biodegradable analogs by reprograming PET or X‐monomers. This strategy not only offers cost‐effective advantages in large‐scale upcycling of waste PET into advanced materials but also demonstrates its enormous prospect in environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐cost airborne particle sensors are gaining attention for monitoring human exposure to indoor particulate matter. This study aimed to establish the concentrations at which these commercially available sensors can be expected to report accurate concentrations. We exposed five types of commercial integrated devices and three types of "bare" low‐cost particle sensors to a range of concentrations generated by three different sources. We propose definitions of upper and lower bounds of functional range based on the relationship between a given sensor's output and that of a reference instrument during a laboratory experiment. Experiments show that the lower bound can range from approximately 3 to 15 μg/m3. At greater concentrations, sensor output deviates from linearity at approximately 300‐3000 μg/m3. We also conducted a simulation campaign to analyze the effect of this limitation on functional range on the accuracy of exposure readings given by these devices. We estimate that the upper bound results in minimal inaccuracy in exposure quantification, and the lower bound can result in as much as a 50% error in approximately 10% of US homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many consumer-grade low-cost particle sensors have recently entered the market, potentially providing a means of inexpensively monitoring indoor air quality and eventually being used to control building systems. In this study, we evaluate several such products: three bare sensors (BS) and five integrated devices (ID) containing one or more of these sensors and additional features. We collocated the sensors with reference instruments in a real indoor environment for two and half months. During this time, we conducted 27 particle emission events of several different types (incense, candle, toast, spray, cooking, humidifier and open window). All ID and BS exhibited an ability to respond to different PM sources, although the magnitude of their responses varied. The ratio of the time-integrated signals and peaks of the sensor signals to the reference instruments during each event varied from close to zero to around approximately three. Similarly, correlations between one-minute low-cost sensor data and similar reference instrument data varied widely among the sensors and devices tested, with R2 values between near zero and near one observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B Learning Objectives: b High quality chest compression is the core component of CPR technology. The quality of chest compressions is closely related to compression depth compression frequency, coronary perfusion pressure and chest compression fraction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of air mattress bed on the quality of chest compression during CPR. [Extracted from the article]

B Learning Objectives: b Mild hypothermia therapy (MTH) not only improves neurological function, but also alleviates post-resuscitation syndrome (PRS). Endovascular cooling can inhibit the systemic inflammatory responses and vascular endothelial cell injury, and reduces the degree of heart, lung and brain injuries after CPR. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To investigate the protective function of endovascular cooling method on post-resuscitation syndrome (PRS) in porcine cardiac arrest (CA) model and its mechanism., Methods: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced and untreated for 8 minutes in 15 healthy male porcines, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was then initiated. All successful recovery animals were randomly divided into two groups by random number table. In normal temperature group, the core temperature was maintained at (38.0±0.5) centigrade for 12 hours. In mild hypothermia group, the mild hypothermia treatment was initiated at 5 minutes after successful resuscitation, the treatment of rapid endovascular cooling was performed to reach the target cooling temperature of (33.0±1.0) centigrade, and then maintained until 6 hours after resuscitation. Rewarming was implemented at the rate of 0.7 centigrade/h until the body temperature reached (38.0±0.5) centigrade. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) were continually monitored. Right femoral vein blood was collected before VF and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after resuscitation, respectively, and the serum concentrations of E-selectin, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The survival of porcines at 24 hours after resuscitation was observed, and the neurological deficit score (NDS) was calculated for the surviving porcines. All animals were sacrificed, and brain, heart and lung tissues were collected, after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the histopathology changes were evaluated under a light microscopy., Results: After 8-minute VF, 14 porcines were resuscitated successfully, 7 porcines in normal temperature group and 7 in mild hypothermia group respectively, with the resuscitation success rate of 93.3%. There was no significant difference in body weigh, core temperature, hemodynamics, or blood lactate as well as duration of CPR and the number of defibrillations between the two groups. The core temperature of normal temperature group was maintained at (38.0±0.5) centigrade, while in mild hypothermia group, the hypothermia was reduced to the hypothermia range (33.0±1.0) centigrade until 6 hours, then rewarmed to normothermia gradually [(38.0±0.5) centigrade]. Compared with those before VF, HR was significantly increased after resuscitation in both groups, and MAP and CO were decreased, then they tended to normal. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic parameter at all time points between the two groups. Compared with those before VF, the levels of E-selectin and sTM in serum of the two groups were increased significantly at 1 hour after resuscitation, and they were decreased gradually after reaching the peak at 6 hours, and IL-1β was increased continuously with time. There was no significant difference in E-selectin (μg/L: 1.34±0.52 vs. 1.60±0.61), sTM (μg/L: 19.13±0.34 vs. 19.24±0.73), or IL-1β (ng/L: 25.73±0.87 vs. 25.32±0.25) before VF between normal temperature group and mild hypothermia group (all P > 0.05). The levels of E-selection, sTM and IL-1β in mild hypothermia group were significantly lower than those in normal temperature group from 2 hours after resuscitation [E-selection (μg/L): 11.15±2.73 vs. 16.04±3.23, sTM (μg/L): 49.67±3.32 vs. 62.22±1.85, IL-1β (ng/L): 140.51±6.66 vs. 176.29±18.51, all P < 0.05], and E-selection decreased to the baseline level at 12 hours (μg/L: 1.17±0.65 vs. 1.60±0.61, P > 0.05). The 24-hour survival rates of two groups were both 100%. The NDS score of mild hypothermia group was obviously lower than that of normal temperature group (150.0±6.6 vs. 326.4±12.3, P < 0.05). In normal temperature group, neuronal cell necrosis was observed in the cerebral cortex at 24 hours after resuscitation, and nucleus was deeply stained. The myocardial necrosis and alveolar collapse was found. Meanwhile the infiltration of inflammatory cell could be found in the myocardium and alveolar. The brain, lung and myocardium injury were significantly milder in mild hypothermia group as compared with those in normal temperature group., Conclusions: The intravascular cooling therapy was a safe and effective method for inducing mild hypothermia after resuscitation. This cooling effect was fast and reliable, and the rewarming speed was controllable and stable. The protective mechanism of mild hypothermia on PRS may be related to inhibiting systemic inflammatory response and reducing vascular endothelial cell injury.

Moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) can produce biological effects, mainly including local effects, targeting organ effects, systemic effects. The biological effects of moxibustion at Guanyuan (CV 4) are related to stimulation parameters and health or pathological nature of the objects, and the effects show acupoint specificity. Its research of local effects should be attached importance to and the acupoint specificity needs to be ascertained, as well as the relationships between the biological effects and stimulation parameters, and between the effects and health or pathological nature of the objects.

In order to optimize acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders, literature during past 20 years is reviewed, and factors which influences acupuncture therapeutic effect are analyzed from aspects of acupoint, acupuncture technique, etc. As for the selection of acupoint, more attention should be paid on the use of Baliao, especially Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34); when Baliao is deeply needled, it is essential to acquire scientific technique. The relationship between acupuncture parameter (including electroacupuncture waveform and frequency), acupuncture techniques (including reinforcing and reducing technique, quantity of stimulation, etc. ) and acupuncture efficacy is complicated, and the scientific values of present research conclusion are in need, of further improvement. The diagnosis and treatment awareness on types of functional defecation should be strengthened, and the mental health of the constipation patients should be concerned. The combination of acupuncture and biofeedback training can have a synergistic effect, which is benefit to achieve a better long-term effect. Based on this, acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders can be optimized to further improve the efficacy.