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To study the anti-tumor effect of Cistanche deserticola in Balb/c mice, tumor-bearing nude mice subcutaneously inoculated with HepG2 liver cancer cells were administered with total glycosides (TG) of C. deserticola at different doses by gavage. The pathological changes in the liver and tumors, the proliferation capacity of splenic lymphocytes, and antioxidant indicators in the liver were detected. Metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to analyze the changes in metabolites and microbial community composition in the intestinal contents of mice. Results showed that TG inhibited the growth of tumor in nude mice without affecting the normal growth and development of the mice and without any toxic side effects. As the dose of TG increased, the structure of hepatocytes in liver tissues became intact, the degree of pathological changes gradually reduced, the distribution of tumor cells became sparser, and the degree of vacuole deformation increased, which was accompanied by the occurrence of necrosis, indicating that TG could protect the liver and simultaneously inhibit the growth of tumor. TG alleviated liver lesions in mice, as evidenced by increased levels of catalase (CAT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and decreased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP). With increasing TG dose, the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes also increased, indicating that TG could exert an anti-liver cancer effect by improving immune function in mice. In addition, TG could inhibit the progression of liver cancer by regulating the levels of metabolites and improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, TG of C. deserticola has an anti-liver cancer effect by improving oxidative stress resistance, regulating immune capacity, improving the metabolic profile and regulating intestinal microbial balance.

With the development of information technology and the advancement of education informatization, the use of mathematical modeling and extensive data analysis technology makes the realization of precision education possible. In this paper, we study the problem of precise teaching intervention from the perspective of multi-stage decision-making, introduce a reinforcement learning algorithm, portray the process attributes and temporal characteristics of teaching, use a Q-learning algorithm to construct a general framework for precise teaching intervention, and through the empirical study of Ideologicalcs teaching in colleges and universities, we show the specific application of this framework in teaching practice and analyze the digital transformation path of the Ideologicalcs education in colleges and universities. The results show that under precise teaching intervention, the students’ pre-post test scores of each Ideologicalcs behavioral characteristic index are significantly different at the 0.05 level. This study helps improve students’ learning effectiveness and provides support for teachers to conduct precise ideological teaching.

Risk assessment of non-intentionally added substances， including oligomers， in food contact materials is of great importance for ensuring food safety. Research articles and risk assessment reports at home and abroad were collected to analyze the sources and risk assessment methods of oligomers in food contact materials systematically. The steps and methods of risk assessment of oligomers were introduced， using 1，2，3，4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2，6-dicarboxylic acid， dimethyl ester and Cyclo-di-BADGE as case studies， so as to provide methodological support for the risk assessment and risk management of oligomers in food contact materials in China.

Animal-derived raw materials are rich in various nutrients, especially the high level of protein, and have good application prospects in health foods and other fields. However, due to their special sources and processing methods, the requirements for the compliant use of animal-derived raw materials are stringent. Therefore, when animal-derived raw materials are used to produce health foods, great attention needs to be paid to relevant laws and regulations, processing methods and the requirements for their safe application. In recent years, a lot of new progress has been made in the studies on the bioactive ingredients and functions of animal-derived raw materials, but there are few reviews on the evidence for the compliance use of animal-derived raw materials in the production of health foods, the current status of the use of animal-derived raw materials in the production of health foods, and the health functions of animal-derived raw materials in functional foods. In this context, this paper presents the evidence for the compliance use of animal-derived raw materials in the production of health foods in China, and a statistical analysis of the current status of the use of animal-derived raw materials in the production of health foods using the national special food information query platform as a retrieval tool. We hope that this review will provide a useful reference for further mining, development and utilization of animal-derived raw materials.