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By using the data of logging, cuttings logging, thin section identification and analysis in the study area to study the four characteristics of the Nantun Formation reservoir and their relationship, the lower limit standard of effective reservoir physical property is established by the logging interpretation model of the reservoir mud content, porosity, permeability and saturation, and the mercury injection method, oil production method, oil test analysis method and cumulative frequency statistics method. The lower limit standard of effective reservoir electrical property is determined by using fluid identification chart. The results show that the lithology of the second member of Nantun Formation is mainly sandy conglomerate, and the first member of Nantun Formation is mainly sandstone, and the sandstone is more developed. The oil content is mainly full of oil, oil spots and oil stains. The reservoir porosity is between 4~20% and permeability is 0.01~100 mD, showing low porosity and low permeability. The lower limit of effective reservoir in Nantun Formation is porosity of 7%, permeability of 0.05mD, sonic time difference of 63μs/ft, density of 2.55 g/cm3 and water saturation of 20%.

Atmospheric elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) decreases plant nitrogen (N) concentration while increasing water use efficiency (WUE), fertigation increases crop nutrition and WUE in crop; yet the interactive effects of e[CO2] coupled with two N-fertigation levels during deficit irrigation on plant gas exchange, root morphology and WUE remain largely elusive. The objective of this study was to explore the physiological and growth responses of ambient [CO2] (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and e[CO2] (800 ppm) tomato plant exposed to two N-fertigation regimes: (1) full irrigation during N-fertigation (FIN); (2) deficit irrigation during N-fertigation (DIN) under two N fertilizer levels (reduced N (N1, 0.5 g pot−1) and adequate N (N2, 1.0 g pot−1). The results indicated that e[CO2] associated with DIN regime induced the lower N2 plant water use (7.28 L plant−1), maintained leaf water potential (−5.07 MPa) and hydraulic conductivity (0.49 mol m−2 s−1 MPa−1), greater tomato growth in terms of leaf area (7152.75 cm2), specific leaf area (223.61 cm2 g−1), stem and total dry matter (19.54 g and 55.48 g). Specific root length and specific root surface area were increased under N1 fertilization, and root tissue density was promoted in both e[CO2] and DIN environments. Moreover, a smaller and denser leaf stomata (4.96 µm2 and 5.37 mm−2) of N1 plant was obtained at e[CO2] integrated with DIN strategy. Meanwhile, this combination would simultaneously reduce stomatal conductance (0.13 mol m−2 s−1) and transpiration rate (1.91 mmol m−2 s−1), enhance leaf ABA concentration (133.05 ng g−1 FW), contributing to an improvement in WUE from stomatal to whole-plant scale under each N level, especially for applying N1 fertilization (125.95 µmol mol−1, 8.41 µmol mmol−1 and 7.15 g L−1). These findings provide valuable information to optimize water and nitrogen fertilizer management and improve plant water use efficiency, responding to the potential resource-limited and CO2-enriched scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two inorganic–organic hybrid complexes based on bi-capped Keggin-type cluster, {([CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2])[CuI(2,2′-bpy)]}∙2H2O (1) and {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[SiMoVI8.5MoV2.5VIVO40(VIVO)2]}[CuI0.5(2,2′-bpy)(H2O)0.5] (2) (bpy = bipyridine), had been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, TGA, PXRD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Compound 1 consists of a novel 1-D chain structure constructed from [CuI(2,2′-bpy)]+ unit linking bi-supported POMs anion {[CuII(2,2′-bpy)2]2[PMoVI8VV2VIV2O40(VIVO)2]}−. Compound 2 is a bi-capped Keggin cluster bi-supported Cu-bpy complex. The main highlights of the two compounds are that Cu-bpy cations contain both CuI and CuII complexes. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties, the catalytic properties, and the photocatalytic performance of compounds 1 and 2 have been assessed, and the results show that both compounds are active for styrene epoxidation and degradation and adsorption of Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB) and mixed aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam-column joint with complex mechanical behavior is an important part in reinforced concrete structures, thus the accuracy of beam-column subassemblage finite element model is one of the essential components in nonlinear numerical simulation of structures. Based on OpenSees platform, beam-column joint element model developed by more detailed inelastic mechanism was analyzed comprehensively. On the basis of determining parameters of each element component reasonably, beam-column joint element was calibrated according to the experimental results of beam-column joints subjected to cyclic loads acting on beam ends or column ends respectively. The difference between two methods, namely loading at beam ends or loading at column ends for the same beam-column subassemblage, was analyzed based on the calibrated beam-column joint element model. The results show that significant errors exist in the skeleton curve of uniaxial material model for simulating reinforcing bar slippage within joint, which is one of the two critical components of beam-column joint element. When the slippage of beam bar is small, a relatively better simulation results could be obtained. However, when the bar slippage in joint becomes larger, greater errors occur in the simulation results of global hysteretic behavior of beam-column subassemblages. When the slippage of bar is small, joint inelastic deformations of same beam-column subassemblage subjected to cyclic load acting on beam end or column end are similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Necroptosis is a type of programmed necrosis mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinases 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), which is morphologically characterized by enlarged organelles, ruptured plasma membrane, and subsequent loss of intracellular contents. Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a diterpene quinone compound extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been reported to have significant anticancer activities. However, the detailed mechanism of CPT has not been clearly illustrated., Objective: The present study aimed to explore the cell death type and mechanisms of CPT-induced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells., Methods: The cytotoxicity of CPT on A549 cells was assessed by MTS assay. Ca 2+ release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were detected by flow cytometry. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed through JC-1 staining. The expressions of p- RIP1, p-RIP3, p-MLKL, and MAPKs pathway proteins were analyzed by western blotting analysis. The efficacy of CPT in vivo was evaluated by the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) xenograft mice model. Blood samples were collected for hematology analysis. ELISA investigated the effects of CPT on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) determined the tumor tissues. Proteins' expression of tumor tissues was quantified by western blotting., Results: CPT inhibited the cell viability of A549 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was reversed by Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). In addition, CPT treatment increased the expression of p-RIP1, p-RIP3, p-MLKL, the release of Ca 2+ , ROS generation, and the MAPKs pathway activated in A549 cells. Moreover, animal experiment results showed that intraperitoneal injection of CPT (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice without affecting the bodyweight and injuring the organs., Conclusion: Our findings suggested that CPT-induced necroptosis via RIP1/RIP3/MLKL signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that CPT may be a promising agent in the treatment of NSCLC., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Low-cost electrocatalysts play an important role in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Particularly, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) are widely applied in the development of HER electrocatalysts. To improve the poor electrochemical reaction kinetics of HER, we introduce a facile way to synthesize carbon core-shell materials containing cobalt phosphide nanoparticles embedded in different graphene aerogels (GAs) (CoP@C-NPs/GA-x (x = 5, 10 and 20)) using seaweed biomass as precursors. The synthesized CoP@C-NPs/GA-5 exhibits efficient catalytic activity with small overpotentials of 120 and 225 mV at current densities of 10 mA cm-2, along with the low Tafel slopes of 57 and 66 mV dec-1, for HER in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Compared with carbon aerogel (CA) containing cobalt phosphide nanoparticles (CoP-NPs@CA), the stability of CoP@C-NPs/GA-5 coated with carbon-shells (∼0.8 nm) was significantly improved in acidic electrolytes. We also prepared carbon core-shell materials containing nickel phosphide nanoparticles embedded in GA (Ni2P@C-NPs/GA) to further expand this synthetic route. The graphene-Ni2P@C aerogel shows a similar morphology and better catalytic activity for HER in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. In this work, the robust three-dimensional (3D) GA matrix with abundant open pores and large surface area provides unblocked channels for electrolyte contact and electronic transfer and enables very close contact between the catalyst and electrolyte. The MxP@C core-shell structure prevents the inactivation of MxP NPs during HER processes, and the thin graphene oxide (GO) layers and 3D CA together build up a 3D conductive matrix, which not only adjusts the volume expansion of MxP NPs as well as preventing their aggregation, but also provides a 3D conductive pathway for rapid charge transfer processes. The present synthetic strategy for phosphides via in situ phosphorization with 3D GA can be extended to other novel high-performance catalysts. The simple synthesis and efficient catalytic activity of MXP@C-NPs/GA indicate good application prospects in HER.