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The demand for accurate temperature readings in harsh high-temperature environments includes miniaturization, flexibility, visualization, and integrability of temperature sensors with the growing need for human development. Rare earth-doped non-contact fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) temperature sensors have received widespread attention due to their high detection accuracy and fast response ability. However, the limitations of thermal quenching (TQ) and thermal coupling energy level differences restrict their applications. In this work, a novel temperature sensing method in Eu3+/Tb3+-doped Y2Mo3O12 negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials is proposed, which depends on different energy transfer characteristics of Eu3+- and Tb3+-doped NTE materials. Under a 295 nm excitation laser, the Y2Mo3O12:Eu3+ phosphor achieved 600% enhancement due to the charge-transfer band (CTB) absorption between O2− and MoO42−. At 573 K, the luminescence intensity of Y2Mo3O12:Tb3+ is reduced by 30 times due to the absence of energy transfer between the Tb3+ ions and Y2Mo3O12 NTE materials. The Y2Mo3O12:Eu3+/Tb3+ mixing materials enhance the relative luminescence intensity and solve the thermal coupling energy level differences, achieving high sensitivity and resolution (maximum Sr = 2.56% K−1 at 453 K). The Y2Mo3O12:Eu3+/Tb3+ flexible thin film achieves multiple naked-eye color spans, breaking free from the limitations of optical detection instruments and demonstrating strong potential for robust and direct temperature reading without equipment. This demonstrates their superior advantages for visualizing real-time high-temperature sensing with nonplanar surfaces, thermal defect diagnosis systems, intelligent battery monitoring systems, and other high-temperature sensing fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sealing quality of extraction drilling is the key factor affecting gas extraction and outburst elimination. In order to solve the problems of poor quality of passive hole sealing, low gas concentration in drilling and extraction, and cumbersome process of active hole sealing, a spray sealing technology for gas extraction drilling is proposed. After the drilling construction is finished, a pneumatic deep-hole centrifugal spray cup type high-rotation speed spray nozzle is sent to the preset position of the drilling hole, and a hole sealing material preheating system is started at the same time. When the temperature of the spray type hole sealing material is stabilized at 70-80 ℃, a pneumatic suction pump is started to suck the sealing material, and the sealing material is mixed and sprayed out through the spray nozzle and solidified on the inner wall of the drilling hole. The four-quadrant slide structure system guides the nozzle to move from the bottom of the hole to the mouth of the hole to complete the spray-type sealing operation. Finally, the PVC plug of 20-30 m is fixed with the polyurethane foam material at the drilling hole, and then the extraction system is connected. The field application results show that the new spray sealing material has the advantages of liquid quick setting, good sealing performance, strong adhesion, flame retardant, high toughness and high strength, etc. It can react and solidify quickly in the gas extraction hole, and form a flame retardant sealing film with high strength and toughness. The use of spray sealing technology and equipment can realize automatic sealing of coal seam drilling. Compared with polyurethane sealing technology, the volume fraction of gas extraction after applying spraying-type sealing technology is increased by 19%, the cost of single-hole sealing is saved by 53%, and the sealing time of single-hole is saved by 50%.

As a hepatotropic virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV) can establish a persistent chronic infection in the liver, termed, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which causes a series of liver-related complications, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC with HBV infection has a significantly increased morbidity and mortality, whereas it could be preventable. The current goal of antiviral therapy for HBV infection is to decrease CHB-related morbidity and mortality, and achieve sustained suppression of virus replication, which is known as a functional or immunological cure. The natural history of chronic HBV infection includes four immune phases: the immune-tolerant phase, immune-active phase, inactive phase, and reactivation phase. However, many CHB patients do not fit into any of these defined phases and are regarded as indeterminate. A large proportion of indeterminate patients are only treated with dynamic monitoring rather than recommended antiviral therapy, mainly due to the lack of definite guidelines. However, many of these patients may gradually have significant liver histopathological changes during disease progression. Recent studies have focused on the prevalence, progression, and carcinogenicity of indeterminate CHB, and more attention has been given to the prevention, detection, and treatment for these patients. Herein, we discuss the latest understanding of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of indeterminate CHB, to provide avenues for the management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the large storage capacity, the transparent luminescent glass with photo‐induced coloration properties has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, lots of the photochromic (PC) mechanisms for glass are related to the ionic valence transformation, and the study associated with the defects‐induced photochromism of glass is limited. Herein, a kind of Sm3+ doped PC cadmium glass is fabricated, for which the PC mechanism is systematically investigated by various techniques, such as XPS spectra, thermoluminescence spectra, EPR spectra, etc. The results show that the mechanism of coloration for such glass should be due to the presence of oxygen vacancy‐related electron centers. Under 365 nm light irradiation, the color of the glass turns from colorless to brown, exhibiting a large color contrast, of 62%. Utilizing the re‐absorption process between absorption spectra and emission/excitation spectra, the emission intensity of Sm3+ is reversibly regulated, indicating their promising applications as an optical storage medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of bond relaxation under multifield perturbation, we examined the dielectric response to perturbation for GaN, InN, and ZnO. It is found that the surface local bond contraction and quantum entrapment dictate the size dependency of the dielectric constant at the nanometer scale. Reproduction of experimental observations under temperature, pressure, and tensile strain derived respective information of the Debye temperature and atomic cohesive energy, the bulk modulus and energy density, the bond length, bond energy, and force constant. The formulation of the multifield effects on the dielectric constant of semiconductors is beyond the scope of the available approaches, which not only revealed quantitative information but also provides deeper insight into the physical origin of the dielectric response to perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Sialylation of the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of ACPAs, which is catalysed by β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) could attenuate inflammation of RA. In this study, we screened the transcription factor of ST6GAL1 and elucidated the mechanism of transcriptionally upregulating sialylation of ACPAs in B cells to explore its role in the progression of RA. Methods Transcription factors interacting with the P2 promoter of ST6GAL1 were screened by DNA pull-down and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The function of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) on the expression of ST6GAL1 and the inflammatory effect of ACPAs were verified by knocking down and overexpressing CTCF in B cells. The CIA model was constructed from B cell–specific CTCF knockout mice to explore the effect of CTCF on arthritis progression. Results We observed that the levels of ST6GAL1 and ACPAs sialylation decreased in the serum of RA patients and were negatively correlated with DAS28 scores. Subsequently, CTCF was screened and verified as the transcription factor interacting with the P2 promoter of ST6GAL1, which enhances the sialylation of ACPAs, thus weakening the inflammatory activity of ACPAs. Furthermore, the above results were also verified in the CIA model constructed from B cell–specific CTCF knockout mice. Conclusion CCCTC-binding factor is the specific transcription factor of β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 in B cells that upregulates the sialylation of ACPAs in RA and attenuates the disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors has emerged as a promising field, enabling innovative applications such as optical memory, multiple anti‐counterfeiting, and photoswitches. Traditional luminescence modulation techniques, such as core–shell structure design and energy transfer‐related luminescent ions regulation, face challenges in achieving reversible luminescence modification. Chromism induces reversible color changes in materials when stimulated by external fields such as electricity, heat, and light. Combining chromism with luminescence enables the creation of chromism‐driven reversible luminescence manipulation in a single material. This review summarizes recent advances in reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors based on chromism reaction and highlights their potential applications in optical data storage, fingerprint acquisition, and anti‐counterfeiting areas. The potential prospective research directions are also discussed and the challenges and opportunities of chromism‐based reversible luminescent materials are presented for further extended applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality of immunological non-responders (INRs) is higher than that of immunological responders (IRs). However, factors associated with immunological non-response following ART are not well documented. Methods: We obtained data for HIV patients from the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database in China. Patients were grouped into IRs (CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μl after 24 months' treatment), immunological incomplete responders (ICRs) (200–350 cells/μl) and INRs (< 200 cells/μl). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with immunological non-response. Results: A total of 3900 PLHIV were included, among whom 2309 (59.2%) were IRs, 1206 (30.9%) ICRs and 385 (9.9%) INRs. In multivariable analysis, immunological non-response was associated with being male (2.07, 1.39–3.09), older age [40–49 years (vs. 18–29 years): 2.05, 1.29–3.25; 50–59 years: 4.04, 2.33-7.00; ≥ 60 years: 5.51, 2.84–10.67], HBV co-infection (1.63, 1.14–2.34), HCV co-infection (2.01, 1.01–4.02), lower CD4 + T cell count [50–200 cells/μl (vs. 200–350 cells/μl): 40.20, 16.83–96.01; < 50 cells/μl: 215.67, 85.62-543.26] and lower CD4/CD8 ratio (2.93, 1.98–4.34) at baseline. Compared with patients treated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) based regimens, those receiving protease inhibitors (PIs) based regimens were less likely to be INRs (0.47, 0.26–0.82). Conclusions: We found a sizable immunological non-response rate among HIV-infected patients. Being male, older age, coinfection with HBV and HCV, lower CD4 + T cell count and lower CD4/CD8 ratio are risk factors of immunological non-response, whereas PIs-based regimens is a protective factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskite (DP) phosphors attract extensive attention due to their potential applications in the field of optoelectronics. Photochromism‐induced luminescence modulation can extend their application fields. However, designing and preparing DP phosphors with expected photochromic and luminescent properties is still challenging. Herein, the photochromic Ba2YTaO6: Yb3+, Er3+, Co2+ DP with upconversion luminescence properties is developed. The color of the sample turns from white to pink upon 254 nm UV light irradiation, which is fast fading upon 473 nm laser illumination. The mechanism of photochromism is related to the formation of color centers, and the doping of Co2+ ions is crucial for the improvement of photochromism, which is from the increasing of traps depth, the oxygen vacancies, and the carrier concentration of the matrix caused by Co2+ doping. The upconversion luminescence of Er3+ ions can be reversibly modulated by the photochromic effect, exhibiting excellent reproducibility and high stability. The potential application of photochromic Ba2YTaO6: Yb3+, Er3+, Co2+ phosphor is demonstrated in the field of anticounterfeiting and three‐dimensional (3D) artwork. This work not only offers insight into the photochromic mechanism of DP but also presents guidance for developing other photochromic DP phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]