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Under the background of the continuous development of modern curriculum as well as the continuous innovation of educational methods, the content and methods of ideological and political education in colleges and universities are also continuously innovated. This paper extracts the features of massive Civic and political knowledge points and combines them with active learning methods to construct the relationship between the prerequisites of Civic and political knowledge points, and then introduces the cognitive diagnostic model to design the cognitive diagnostic model based on the requirements of Civic and political knowledge points. Accurate and rich auxiliary information, such as students’ mental state, is provided for Civics teaching, and a Civics education model is designed based on this model. Finally, the teaching model is applied to actual teaching to verify its effectiveness. The results show that after completing the teaching practice, the students in the experimental class scored in “political identity,” “professionalism,” “public participation,” and “sound personality.” Sound personality” are all above 22. Compared with the control class, there are significant differences in all dimensions except “sound personality” (P

In this paper, a rail-to-rail transconductance stable and enhanced ultra-low-voltage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing. The variation regularity of the bulk transconductance of pMOS and nMOS transistors and the cancellation mechanism of two types of transconductance variations are revealed. On this basis, a transconductance stabilization and enhancement technique is proposed. By using the "current-reused and transconductance-boosted complementary bulk-driven pseudo-differential pairs" structure, the bulk-driven pseudo-differential pair during the input common-mode range (ICMR) is stabilized and enhanced. The proposed OTA based on this technology is simulated using the TSMC 0.18 μm process in a Cadence environment. The proposed OTA consumes a power below 30 nW at a 0.4 V voltage supply with a DC gain of 54.9 dB and a gain-bandwidth product (GBW) of 14.4 kHz under a 15 pF capacitance load. The OTA has a high small signal figure-of-merit (FoM) of 7410 and excellent common-mode voltage (VCM) stability, with a transconductance variation of about 1.35%. Based on a current-scaling version of the proposed OTA, an OTA-C low-pass filter (LPF) for ECG signal processing with VCM stability is built and simulated. With a −3 dB bandwidth of 250 Hz and a power consumption of 20.23 nW, the filter achieves a FoM of 3.41 × 10−13, demonstrating good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]