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Eucalyptusstands out as a crucial species for forest cultivation, particularly due to its widespread industrial applications particularly the production of essential oils (EOs). Given the international significance of EucalyptusEOs and their potential to enhance environmental and socioeconomic conditions, the aim of this work is to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of EOs from nine understudied Eucalyptusspecies. Results showed that oxygenated monoterpenes dominated the chemical profiles, with 1,8-cineole being the predominant component in most species. E. wandoo, E. punctata, and E. diversifoliaexhibited the most effective antiradical actions. All EOs demonstrate α-glucosidase inhibitory effects with IC50values ranging from 1.86 to 3.11 mg/mL. In cytotoxicity assessments, E. wandoodisplayed a remarkable 28-fold higher IC50against Vero than MCF-7. Results highlighted potent anti-inflammatory properties surpassing the positive control for all studied species, with E. punctataexhibiting the best IC50value of 4.42 µg/mL. The tested major compounds, α-pinene and eucalyptol, demonstrated lower efficacy compared to the EOs across all tested activities. This research provides valuable insights for selecting Eucalyptusspecies and underlines the importance of this natural product in order to preserve its natural habitats and implementing reforestation efforts in other areas.

Pistacia lentiscusL. fruits are an excellent source of phenolic compounds endowed with antioxidant activities. Ethanol–water mixtures are in focus for plant extracts preparation due to their acceptability for human consumption. In this study, the effect of ethanol concentration in ethanol/water (EtOH/H2O) extraction solvent on the solubility of target phenolic compounds was firstly predicted using COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). Subsequently, the computational results were confirmed experimentally based on extraction yield, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and RP-HPLC analysis. Extractions were achieved using bead milling by varying EtOH concentrations in order to prepare a suitable extract that could be safely used for food purposes. The obtained results highlighted a good correlation between COSMO-RS simulations and experiments. The highest polyphenol and flavonoid contents (292.04 mg GAE/g DR and 11.07 mg CE/g DR, respectively) were achieved with 70% EtOH, which is in correlation with RP-HPLC quantitative analysis, while the highest anthocyanin content (94.00 mg C3OG/100 g DR) was obtained with 80% EtOH. Concerning antioxidant activity, the best DPPH·radical scavenging activity (IC50= 2.39 µg/mL) was obtained with 70% EtOH. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that gallic acid was the major compound of Pistacia lentiscusfruits in all EtOH/H2O mixtures. These findings showed that the EtOH/H2O (70/30) mixture is the most suitable to obtain P. lentiscusfruit extracts with the highest phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity.

Nitraria retusais a halophyte species that is distributed in North Africa and used as a traditional medicinal plant. In this study, N. retusaethanol extract and its constituent isorhamnetin (IRA) protected against amyloid β (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. An in vitroAβ aggregation assay suggested that IRA destabilizes Aβ fibrils.