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The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of one host molecule, anti-4-(19H,59H-3-aza-1,5(3,9)-dicarbazolacyclooctaphane-3-yl)benzonitrile and one dichloromethane solvate molecule, C36H28N4·CH2Cl2. The host molecule possesses a planar chirality but crystallizes as a racemate in the space group P21/c. It adopts an anti-configuration, in which two carbazole rings are partially overlapped with a parallel orientation. The two carbazole ring systems are slightly bent, and the C atoms at the 3- and 1-positions show the largest deviations from the mean planes. The dihedral angle between two carbazole rings is 9.42 (3)°, forming an intramolecular parallel π–π interaction [Cg...Cg = 3.2755 (9) Å]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via host–host and host–guest C—H...π interactions, forming chain structures along the a-axis direction. The molecules are linked into a ribbon structure along the c-axis direction by further C—H...π interactions. As a result, The molecules are cross-linked by C—H...π interactions into a three-dimensional network.

N-Phenylphenothiazine derivatives extended with various aryl groups were designed and synthesized. These derivatives have bent conformation in crystal and exhibit high solubility. Radical cations obtained by one-electron oxidation of these derivatives gave stable radical cations in solution and showed absorption in the near-infrared region. A radical cation was isolated as a stable salt, which exhibited heat resistance up to around 200 °C. A design strategy for radical cation-based near-infrared absorbing dyes, which are easily oxidized and stable not only as a solution but in solid form, is described.

The title compound, [Zn2(C22H18ClN4O)Cl3], is a dinuclear zinc(II) complex with three chlorido ligands and one pentadentate ligand containing quinolin-8-olato and bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine groups. One of the two ZnII atom adopts a tetrahedral geometry and coordinates two chlorido ligands with chelate coordination of the N and O atoms of the quinolin-8-olato group in the ligand. The other ZnII atom adopts a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry, and coordinates one chlorido-O atom of the quinolin-8-olato group and three N atoms of the bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine unit. In the crystal, two molecules are associated through a pair of intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer with an R22(12) ring motif. Another intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bond forms a spiral C(8) chain running parallel to the [010] direction. The dimers are linked by these two intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, generating a ribbon sheet structure in ac plane. Two other intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds form a C(7) chain along the c-axis direction and another C(7) chain generated by a d-glide plane. The molecules are cross-linked through the four intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of two independent ion pairs of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridin-1-ium 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate (HDMAP+·HqSA−, C7H11N2+·C9H6NO4S−) and neutral N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine molecules (DMAP, C7H10N2), co-crystallized as a 1:1:1 HDMAP+:HqSA−:DMAP adduct in the monoclinic system, space group Pc. The compound has a layered structure, including cation layers of HDMAP+ with DMAP and anion layers of HqSA− in the crystal. In the cation layer, there are intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds between the protonated HDMAP+ molecule and the neutral DMAP molecule. In the anion layer, each HqSA− is surrounded by other six HqSA−, where the planar network structure is formed by intermolecular O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. The cation and anion layers are linked by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions.

The title copper(II) complex, [Cu(C18H19N3O3)(C3H4N2)], consists of a tridentate ligand synthesized from L-leucine and azobenzene-salicylaldehyde. One imidazole molecule is additionally coordinated to the copper(II) ion in the equatorial plane. The crystal structure features N—H...O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the packing are from H...H (52.0%) and C...H/H...C (17.9%) contacts.

In the title compound, [Na(C22H19N4O4S)(CH3CN)]n, the NaI atom adopts a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, formed by one N and one O atom of the qunolinol moiety in the ligand, two O atoms of sulfonate moieties of two adjacent ligands and the N atom of the coordinated acetonitrile solvent. The NaI atom is located well above the mean basal plane of the square-based pyramid. The apical position is occupied by a sulfonate O atom of a neighboring ligand. Three N atoms of the bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine moiety in the ligand are not coordinated by the sodium atom. The molecule forms an intramolecular bifurcated O—H...[N(tertiary amine),N(pyridine)] hydrogen bond, generating S(6) and S(5) rings. In the crystal, four molecules are linked by four Na—O(sulfonato) bridged coordination bonds, forming a supramolecular centrosymmetric tetramer unit comprising an eight-membered ring, and generating a two-dimensional network sheet. The molecules of different sheets form intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, and thereby a three-dimensional network structure.

The title compound, C33H33N3, is a carbazolophane, which is a cyclophane composed of two carbazole fragments. It has a planar chirality but crystallizes as a racemate in the space group P-1. The molecule adopts an anti-configuration, in which two carbazole fragments are partially overlapped. Both carbazole ring systems are slightly bent, with the C atoms at 3-positions showing the largest deviations from the mean planes. The dihedral angle between two carbazole fragments is 5.19 (3)°, allowing an intramolecular slipped π–π interaction [Cg...Cg = 3.2514 (8) Å]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions into a network sheet parallel to the ab plane. The molecules of different sheets form other C—H...π interactions, thus forming a three-dimensional network.

The molecule of the title compound, C16H14N2O, contains an essentially planar indole ring system and a phenyl ring. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by a weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond and C—H...π interactions, forming a one-dimensional column structure along the b-axis direction. These columns are linked by other C—H...π interactions, forming a two-dimensional network structure.

In the title compound, [ZnBr2(C22H19ClN4O)], the ZnII atom adopts a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, formed by two bromido ligands and three N atoms of the bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine moiety in the pentadentate ligand containing quinolinol. The ZnII atom is located well above the mean basal plane of the square-based pyramid. The apical position is occupied by a Br atom. The O and N atoms of the quinolinol moiety in the ligand are not coordinated to the ZnII atom. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond, generating an S(5) ring motif, stabilizes the molecular structure. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, generating ribbon structures containing alternating R22(22) and R22(14) rings. These ribbons are linked through an intermolecular C—H...Br hydrogen bond, forming a two-dimensional network sheet.

The title crystalline compound, [Cu2(NCS)2(C9H16N2)2], was obtained from the reaction of copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) with (N-prop-2-en-1-yl)piperidine-1-carbothioamide as a chelating and bridging thiourea ligand in chlorobenzene. The Cu2S2 core of the dimeric molecule is situated on a crystallographic inversion centre. The copper atom is coordinated by a thiocyanate nitrogen atom, each sulfur atom of the two thiourea ligands, and the C=C double bond of the ligand in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The dimers are linked by N—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming a network extending in two dimensions parallel to (100).

In the title molecule, C48H33N, the central N atom shows no pyramidalization, so that the N atom and the three C atoms bound to the N atom lie almost in the same plane. The three para-phenylene rings bonded to the N atom are in a propeller form. All of the naphthalene ring systems are slightly bent. In the crystal, molecules form an inversion dimer, through two pairs of C—H...π interactions, which further interacts with the adjacent dimer via another two pairs of C—H...π interactions, forming a column structure along the a axis. There are no significant interactions between these column structures.

In the title compound, C24H15Cl2N3O2, one quinoline ring system is essentially planar and the other is slightly bent. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond involving the hydroxy group and a pyridine N atom forms an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, two molecules are associated into an inversion dimer with two R22(7) ring motifs through intermolecular O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are further linked by an intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond and four C—H...π interactions, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).

The reaction of bis(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylprop-1-enolato-κ2O,O′)zinc(II), [Zn(dbm)2], with tris[4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]amine (T3PyA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded the title crystalline coordination polymer, {[Zn(C15H11O2)2(C33H24N4)]·C4H8O}n. The asymmetric unit contains two independent halves of Zn(dbm)2, one T3PyA and one THF. Each ZnII atom is located on an inversion centre and adopts an elongated octahedral coordination geometry, ligated by four O atoms of two dbm ligands in equatorial positions and by two N atoms of pyridine moieties from two different bridging T3PyA ligands in axial positions. The crystal packing shows a one-dimensional polymer chain in which the two pyridyl groups of the T3PyA ligand bridge two independent Zn atoms of Zn(dbm)2. In the crystal, the coordination polymer chains are linked via C—H...π interactions into a sheet structure parallel to (010). The sheets are cross-linked via further C—H...π interactions into a three-dimensional network. The solvate THF molecule shows disorder over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.631 (7) and 0.369 (7).

In the title compound, C15H18N2O3, the coumarin ring is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.012 Å. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. The piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, a C—H...O hydrogen bond generates a C(4) chain motif running along the c axis. The chain structure is stabilized by a C—H...π interaction. The chains are linked by π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.5745 (11) Å], forming a sheet structure parallel to the bc plane.

In the title compound, C22H19ClN4O, the quinolinol moiety is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å]. There is an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond involving the hydroxy group and a pyridine N atom forming an S(9) ring motif. The dihedral angles between the planes of the quinolinol moiety and the pyridine rings are 44.15 (9) and 36.85 (9)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers with an R44(10) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons along [01-1]. The ribbons are linked by C—H...π and π–π interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7109 (11) Å], forming layers parallel to (01-1).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of one host molecule, anti-4-(19H,59H-3-aza-1,5(3,9)-dicarbazolacyclooctaphane-3-yl)benzonitrile and one dichloromethane solvate molecule, C36H28N4·CH2Cl2. The host molecule possesses a planar chirality but crystallizes as a racemate in the space group P21/c. It adopts an anti-configuration, in which two carbazole rings are partially overlapped with a parallel orientation. The two carbazole ring systems are slightly bent, and the C atoms at the 3- and 1-positions show the largest deviations from the mean planes. The dihedral angle between two carbazole rings is 9.42 (3), forming an intramolecular parallel π-π interaction [Cg···Cg = 3.2755 (9) A ° ]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via host-host and host-guest C--H···π interactions, forming chain structures along the a-axis direction. The molecules are linked into a ribbon structure along the c-axis direction by further C--H···π interactions. As a result, The molecules are cross-linked by C--H···π interactions into a three-dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Zn2(C22H18ClN4O)Cl3], is a dinuclear zinc(II) complex with three chlorido ligands and one pentadentate ligand containing quinolin-8- olato and bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine groups. One of the two ZnII atom adopts a tetrahedral geometry and coordinates two chlorido ligands with chelate coordination of the N and O atoms of the quinolin-8-olato group in the ligand. The other ZnII atom adopts a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry, and coordinates one chlorido-O atom of the quinolin-8-olato group and three N atoms of the bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine unit. In the crystal, two molecules are associated through a pair of intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer with an R2² (12) ring motif. Another intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bond forms a spiral C(8) chain running parallel to the [010] direction. The dimers are linked by these two intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds, generating a ribbon sheet structure in ac plane. Two other intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds form a C(7) chain along the c-axis direction and another C(7) chain generated by a d-glide plane. The molecules are cross-linked through the four intermolecular C—H···Cl hydrogen bonds to form a three dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of two independent ion pairs of 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridin-1-ium 8-hy­droxy­quinoline-5-sulfonate (HDMAP+·HqSA−, C7H11N2+·C9H6NO4S−) and neutral N,N-di­methyl­pyridin-4-amine mol­ecules (DMAP, C7H10N2), co-crystallized as a 1:1:1 HDMAP+:HqSA−:DMAP adduct in the monoclinic system, space group Pc. The compound has a layered structure, including cation layers of HDMAP+ with DMAP and anion layers of HqSA− in the crystal. In the cation layer, there are inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the protonated HDMAP+ mol­ecule and the neutral DMAP mol­ecule. In the anion layer, each HqSA− is surrounded by other six HqSA−, where the planar network structure is formed by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The cation and anion layers are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound is composed of two independent ion pairs of 4-(di­methyl­amino)­pyridin-1-ium 8-hy­droxy­quinoline-5-sulfonate (HDMAP+·HqSA-, C7H11N2+·C9H6NO4S-) and neutral N,N-di­methyl­pyridin-4-amine mol­ecules (DMAP, C7H10N2), co-crystallized as a 1:1:1 HDMAP+:HqSA-:DMAP adduct in the monoclinic system, space group Pc. The compound has a layered structure, including cation layers of HDMAP+ with DMAP and anion layers of HqSA- in the crystal. In the cation layer, there are inter­molecular N--H⋯N hydrogen bonds between the protonated HDMAP+ mol­ecule and the neutral DMAP mol­ecule. In the anion layer, each HqSA- is surrounded by other six HqSA-, where the planar network structure is formed by inter­molecular O--H...O and C--H...O hydrogen bonds. The cation and anion layers are linked by inter­molecular C--H...O hydrogen bonds and C--H...π inter­actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title copper(II) complex, [Cu(C18H19N3O3)(C3H4N2)], consists of a tridentate ligand synthesized from l-leucine and azobenzene-salicylaldehyde. One imidazole molecule is additionally coordinated to the copper(II) ion in the equatorial plane. The crystal structure features N--H...O hydrogen bonds. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions to the packing are from H...H (52.0%) and C...H/H...C (17.9%) contacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C33H33N3, is a carbazolophane, which is a cyclophane composed of two carbazole fragments. It has a planar chirality but crystallizes as a racemate in the space group PÏ. The molecule adopts an anti-configuration, in which two carbazole fragments are partially overlapped. Both carbazole ring systems are slightly bent, with the C atoms at 3-positions showing the largest deviations from the mean planes. The dihedral angle between two carbazole fragments is 5.19 (3)°, allowing an intramolecular slipped π-π interaction [Cg⋯Cg = 3.2514 (8) A]. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via intermolecular C--H⋯N hydrogen bonds and C--H⋯π interactions into a network sheet parallel to the ab plane. The molecules of different sheets form other C--H⋯π interactions, thus forming a three-dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C24H15Cl2N3O2, one quinoline ring system is essentially planar and the other is slightly bent. An intramolecular O—HN hydrogen bond involving the hydroxy group and a pyridine N atom forms an S(5) ring motif. In the crystal, two molecules are associated into an inversion dimer with two R2 ² (7) ring motifs through intermolecular O—H. . . N and O—H. . .O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are further linked by an intermolecular C—H. . .O hydrogen bond and four C—H . . .&#960:interactions, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of bis(3-oxo-1,3-diphenylprop-1-enolato-k²O,O')zinc(II), [Zn(dbm)2], with tris[4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]amine (T3PyA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) afforded the title crystalline coordination polymer, {[Zn(C15H11O2)2(C33H24N4)]·C4H8O}n. The asymmetric unit contains two independent halves of Zn(dbm)2, one T3PyA and one THF. Each ZnII atom is located on an inversion centre and adopts an elongated octahedral coordination geometry, ligated by four O atoms of two dbm ligands in equatorial positions and by two N atoms of pyridine moieties from two different bridging T3PyA ligands in axial positions. The crystal packing shows a onedimensional polymer chain in which the two pyridyl groups of the T3PyA ligand bridge two independent Zn atoms of Zn(dbm)2. In the crystal, the coordination polymer chains are linked via C—H ··· π interactions into a sheet structure parallel to (010). The sheets are cross-linked via further C—H ···π interactions into a three-dimensional network. The solvate THF molecule shows disorder over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.631 (7) and 0.369 (7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the basic electrical characteristics of Ag Schottky contacts printed on n-GaN epitaxial wafers using Ag nanoink with surface treatment using HCl or an organic solvent. The Ag Schottky contacts treated with HCl showed better current–voltage characteristics and a larger Schottky barrier height than those treated with the organic solvent. Scanning internal photoemission microscopy revealed that the HCl-treated samples exhibited a higher uniformity owing to their higher wettability to the Ag nanoink and electrodes than the organic-solvent-treated samples. These results indicate that the removal of surface oxide layers using HCl is effective even though the GaN surface is printed and annealed in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinked albumin films, to which L929 cells do not attach by nature, acquire the L929-cell-adhesion capability by irradiation of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) of He gas. The number of attached cells was 2.6 × 104 cells/cm2 after the APPJ irradiation for 180 s, while conventional UV photolithography, which was performed in our previous work, required 2 h to obtain the same order of magnitude of the number of attached cells. The contact angle of samples decreased steeply from 105 to 38° in the first 10 s irradiation, but decreased quite gradually from 38 to 32° with increasing irradiation time from 10 to 180 s. In contrast to the nonlinear variation in the contact angles, the number of attached cells almost linearly increased from 4.5 × 103 to 2.6 × 104 cells/cm2 with increasing treatment time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the samples indicated that hydrophilic functional groups of C–C=O gradually formed with increasing APPJ irradiation time up to 180 s. These results suggest that the cell-adhesion capability of the crosslinked albumin films is not simply explained by the decrease in contact angle but also by the formation of oxidized functional groups on the surface. The effects of UV and vacuum UV light from APPJ were negligible, which indicates that the formation of oxidized functional groups on the surface is not caused by photon-assisted surface reactions but by reactions involving chemically active species supplied from APPJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]