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The carbon forms made from sucrose and microcapsules have successfully fabricated using gel-casting method. The structure, density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity were characterized. Carbon foams have porous structure of open cells and closed cells. The density of carbon foams is regulated in the range of 0.29-0.65 g/cm3, whereas the compressive strength is in the range of 1.03-20.25 MPa. The thermal conductivity at room temperature of carbon foams can be as low as 0.11 W/m·K. Therefore, these carbon foams have potential for use as the thermal insulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hollow spherical nano-TiO2 was successfully synthesized by carbon spheres as the template and Ti-bearing blast furnace slag as the Ti source. The SEM and TEM results showed that the as-synthesized TiO2 consist of uniform separated hollow spheres, and the sphere wall was composed of nanoparticles. The XRD result showed that the crystallized phase was rutile. Almost complete extraction of Ti from slag was achieved in NaOH-NaF molten salt. The kinetic analysis indicated that the slag decomposition was applied to control of chemical reaction of the reactionless core-shrinking model, and the apparent activation energy was39.54 kJ mol-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using stainless steel slag and iron tailings as main raw materials, the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) glass-ceramics with a solid waste utilization rate exceeding 70 % was prepared, and the effects of Cr2O3 content on the nucleation and crystallization of glass-ceramics were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Research indicates that the main crystalline phases of CMAS are all pyroxene, and the content of Cr2O3 increases in a certain range, which promote the crystallization ability of crystals in glass. Besides, the increase of Cr2O3 content within a certain rangepromotes the crystal crystallization in glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the high temperature solution method, three new phosphates, Cs8Pb4(P2O7)4, CsLi7(P2O7)2 and LiCa(PO3)3, were obtained. X-ray diffraction analyses suggest that they crystallize in the space group P1̅ of the triclinic crystal system. However, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of Cs8Pb4(P2O7)4 and CsLi7(P2O7)2 consist of various isolated P2O7 groups, while LiCa(PO3)3 is built up by the 1D (PO3)∞ chain. Detailed structural comparison suggests that the different sizes and coordination environments of Ca2+ and Zn2+ cations influence the whole structures of LiX(PO3)3 (X = Ca and Zn). IR spectroscopy and UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analyses have been performed to investigate their optical properties. First-principles theoretical studies were also carried out to aid the understanding of electronic structures and linear optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new barium borate halide, Ba3B10O17Br2, has been obtained. A detailed structural comparison with other barium borate halides suggested that Ba3B10O17Br2 is the first barium borate halide with a B–O layered structure. First-principles theoretical studies were conducted to aid understanding of the electronic structure and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermomechanical control process (TMCP) was performed using a laboratory hot rolling mill. A satisfactory high strength class can be obtained by the TMCP for lowcarbon cold forging steel. This is attributed to the increase in the amount of pearlite and the ferrite-grain refinement. The TMCP conditions ensured that the slabs with fast cooling to 600 °C, 650 °C and 550 °C at the rate of 37 °C/s, 28 °C/s and 15 °C/s, respectively, after high-temperature (950 °C) rolling were suited for industrial production of ML40, ML30 and ML25 steel. Fast cooling after high-temperature rolling is the optimum processing for manufacture of cold forging steel. The reason is that it is relatively easy for a rolling mill to produce cold forging steel bars under higher temperature rolling because of the low load during rolling. When the rolling mill is large enough to allow the production of cold forging steel bars, air cooling after low-temperature (800 °C) rolling can also meet the standard requirements of ML30 steel due to the grain-refining effect, the increased amount of pearlite and the improvement of the pearlite morphology. Bar products which have not only outstanding formability due to their low carbon content, but also desired mechanical properties, are manufactured by the TMCP. The substitution of medium-carbon with low-carbon cold forging steel is achieved by the TMCP in a laboratory hot rolling mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow spheres structures of La0,7Sr0,2Ca0,1Co0,9Fe0,1O3-d (LSCCT) have been synthesized via hydrothermal method using carbon spheres as template. The structure and electrical conductivity of obtained samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and direct current (DC) four-probe method respectively. The results show that hollow spheres structures of LSCCT with the mean particle size of 0,9 - 1,2 µm is single perovskite. The electrical conductivity of the samples is higher than 100 S/ cm from 600 to 800 °C and can meet the demand of the electrical properties for the cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The titanium dioxide(TiO2) was prepared by efficient decomposition of titanium- bearing blast furnace slag (TBBFS) in molten salt system. The as-prepared TiO2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Almost complete leaching of Ti was achieved when TBBFS was carried out at 500 °C for about 3 h with NaOH/TBBFS mass ratio of 3:1 and NaOH to NaF molar ratio of 3:1. The XRD pattern showed that the containing titanium product obtained under optimal conditions was Na2 TiO3. The average size of the rutile TiO2 obtained was about 1.0μm and the content was up to 99,23 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband supercontinuum (SC) light sources generated through nonlinear effects in solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have been widely used in spectroscopy, metrology, and microscopy, leading to great application successes. The short-wavelength extension of such SC sources, a longstanding challenge, has been the subject of intensive study over the past two decades. However, the exact mechanism of blue and ultraviolet light generation, especially for some resonance spectral peaks in the short-wavelength regime, is not yet fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the effect of inter-modal dispersive-wave radiation, which results from phase matching between pump pulses at the fundamental optical mode and packets of linear waves at some higher-order modes (HOMs) propagating in the PCF core, might be one of the critical mechanisms that can result in some resonance spectral components with wavelengths much shorter than that of the pump light. We observed in an experiment that several spectral peaks resided in the blue and ultraviolet regimes of the SC spectrum, whose central wavelengths can be tuned by varying the PCF-core diameter. These experimental results can be interpreted well using the inter-modal phase-matching theory, providing some useful insights into the SC generation process.

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man ( OR : 0.850, 95% CI : 0.781-0.925), in rural areas ( OR : 0.753, 95% CI : 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old ( OR : 0.851, 95% CI : 0.751-0.963), quitters ( OR : 0.721, 95% CI : 0.640-0.813) and smoker ( OR : 0.724, 95% CI : 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old ( OR : 1.312, 95% CI : 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above ( OR : 1.834-5.130, 95% CI : 1.575-6.047), technical personnel ( OR : 1.592, 95% CI : 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff ( OR : 1.282, 95% CI : 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff ( OR : 1.218, 95% CI : 1.071-1.385), retired ( OR : 1.324, 95% CI : 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer ( OR : 1.369, 95% CI : 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.

This study explored the location of MMP-2, -3, -8 in human root dentin and the inhibition of EGCG/EGCG-3Me on dentin-originated collagen proteases activities. Also, the study evaluated EGCG/EGCG-3Me modified etch-and-rinse adhesives (Single Bond 2, SB 2) for their bonding stabilities to intraradicular dentin. Immunostaining and liquid chip analysis demonstrated that MMP-2 and MMP-8 are widely distributed in root dentin while MMP-3 shows a higher fluorescence intensity in the middle and apical third of the root. The contents of MMP-2, -3 and -8 varies in different locations of human tooth root and MMP-2 has the highest content than MMP-3 and MMP-8 at each third of teeth root. Both EGCG and EGCG-3Me showed an inhibitory effect on the root dentin-derived MMPs in a concentration dependent manner (P < 0.05) and the inhibitory activity of EGCG-3ME was stronger than that of EGCG at the same concentration (P < 0.05). EGCG and EGCG-3Me were incorporated separately into the adhesive SB 2 at concentrations of 200, and 400 μg/mL respectively. The immediate push-out strength of SB 2 was not compromised by EGCG/EGCG-3Me modification. EGCG/EGCG-3Me modified adhesive had higher push-out strength than SB 2 after thermocycling, showing no correlation with concentration., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Dentin bonding is a dynamic process that involves the penetration of adhesive resin monomers into the extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar demineralized collagen matrix using a wet-bonding technique. However, adhesive resin monomers lack the capacity to infiltrate the intrafibrillar space, and the excess water that is introduced by the wet-bonding technique remains at the bonding interface. This imperfectly bonded interface is inclined to hydrolytic degradation, severely jeopardizing the longevity of bonded clinical restorations. The present study introduces a dentin bonding scheme based on a dry-bonding technique, combined with the use of extrafibrillar demineralization and a collagen-reactive monomer (CRM)-based adhesive (CBA). Selective extrafibrillar demineralization was achieved using 1-wt% high-molecular weight (MW) carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) within a clinically acceptable timeframe to create a less aggressive bonding substance for dentin bonding due to its selectively extrafibrillar demineralization capacity. CMCS demineralization decreased the activation of in situ collagenase, improved the shrinking resistance of demineralized collagen, and thus provided stronger and more durable bonding than traditional phosphoric acid etching. The new dentin bonding scheme that contained CMCS and CBA and used a dry-bonding technique achieved an encouraging dentin bonding strength and durability with low technical sensitivity. This bonding scheme can be used to improve the stability of the resin-dentin interface and foster the longevity of bonded clinical restorations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Resin cements have been widely employed for bonding all-ceramic restorations in clinical practice, its color stability is directly related to long-term prosthetic effect of restorations. Discoloration of resin cements can be attributed to two causes: endogenous factors are generally related to material compositions and initiation mechanism of polymerization; exogenous factors are mainly related to stimulation of local oral environment. Color stability of resin cements has close relationship with esthetic effect of all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this literature review was to make a presentation and discussion systematically about color stability of resin cements commonly used clinically, its influence factors and influence on all-ceramic restorations, so as to provide a reference for the application of all-ceramic restorations.

An 8-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing dietary fishmeal with a plant protein blend on the growth performance, mucosal barrier integrity and the related regulation mechanism in Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) with initial weight of 87.48 g. Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared. A basal diet containing 540 g/kg fishmeal (P0), whereas the other two diets were formulated by replacing 50% and 100% of FM with plant protein blend (soybean protein concentrate and cottonseed protein concentrate), and named as P50 and P100, respectively. Although essential amino acids, fatty acids, and available phosphorus had been balanced according to the nutrient requirement of sturgeon, compared with the fish of P0 and P50, the full plant protein diet (P100) significantly reduced growth performance and survival, and accompanied with serious spiral valve intestinal (SVI) damage. The increased tissue necrosis and failed responses in anti-oxidation, programming apoptosis, autophagy and cell proliferation system were regulated by inhibiting ERK1 phosphorylation, which indicated that SVI hypoimmunity and functional degradation were the main reasons for the high mortality and low utilization ability of plant protein in Amur sturgeon., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Through the high temperature solution method, three new phosphates, Cs 8 Pb 4 (P 2 O 7 ) 4 , CsLi 7 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 and LiCa(PO 3 ) 3 , were obtained. X-ray diffraction analyses suggest that they crystallize in the space group P1[combining macron] of the triclinic crystal system. However, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of Cs 8 Pb 4 (P 2 O 7 ) 4 and CsLi 7 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 consist of various isolated P 2 O 7 groups, while LiCa(PO 3 ) 3 is built up by the 1D (PO 3 ) ∞ chain. Detailed structural comparison suggests that the different sizes and coordination environments of Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ cations influence the whole structures of LiX(PO 3 ) 3 (X = Ca and Zn). IR spectroscopy and UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analyses have been performed to investigate their optical properties. First-principles theoretical studies were also carried out to aid the understanding of electronic structures and linear optical properties.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and remission rates of pruritus of bezafibrate and UDCA combination therapy in the treatment of refractory PBC. Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library databases, Science direct, Web of Science, CBM, WangFang Data, CNKI, VIP databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials, crossover trials and self-control clinical trials of combination therapy of UDCA and bezafibrate with UDCA monotherapy for PBC up to June, 2018. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias of relevant study. Results: Eleven studies, including 465 patients were included. Ursodeoxycholic acid combined with bezafibrate had greatly improved liver biochemical indicators ( P < 0.01) and pruritus scores in patients with refractory primary biliary cholangitis ( MD = -2.97, 95% CI : -4.34~ -1.60, P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant differences in adverse events ( RR = 1.28, 95% CI : 0.96 to 1.70, P = 0.09), and mortality rate ( RR = 2.58, 95% CI : 0.57 to 11.73, P = 0.22) between the two groups. Conclusion: Ursodeoxycholic acid combined with bezafibrate may improve the biochemical response and pruritus score of refractory PBC, but has no significant effect on adverse events and mortality rate.

A new barium borate halide, Ba3B10O17Br2, has been obtained. A detailed structural comparison with other barium borate halides suggested that Ba3B10O17Br2 is the first barium borate halide with a B-O layered structure. First-principles theoretical studies were conducted to aid understanding of the electronic structure and optical properties.