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Uterine torsion is a rare gynecological emergency. It occurs mainly in gravid uterus and extremely rarely in non-gravid uterus. In this article, we report a case of torsion of non-gravid uterus accompanied by a large intramural leiomyoma with focus on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a useful palliative therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Postembolization syndromes, such as fever, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzyme levels are commonly known complications of TACE. One post-TACE pulmonary complication, lipiodol pneumonitis, is rarely reported. Lipiodol pneumonitis after TACE appears to be associated with chemical injury due to accidental perfusion of lipiodol to the lung vasculature, promoted by arteriovenous shunts within the hypervascular HCC. Here, we report a 42-year-old man with unresectable HCC and hepatic vein thrombosis. The patient was initially treated with TACE. The following day after TACE, acute respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea and cough developed with decreased oxygen saturation. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed multiple patches and diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lung fields, suggesting of lipiodol pneumonitis. The patient’s condition and radiologic abnormalities subsequently improved after 2 weeks of conservative treatment alone. (J Liver Cancer 2020;20:60-66)

Background: We sought to investigate whether serum immune and inflammatory parameters can help to predict distant metastasis (DM) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing curative radiation therapy (RT). Methods: A total of 76 RT courses were analyzed. The following variables were included in the analysis: systemic inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, albumin, albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio, RT-related parameters, and levels of total protein, hemoglobin, α-fetoprotein, and PIVKA-II. Distant control (DC) and overall survival (OS) rates were calculated and compared. Results: The mean age was 61.4 years, and most patients were men (n = 62, 81.6%). The median RT fraction number and fractional doses were 12 (range, 4–30) and 5 (range, 2–12) Gy, respectively. With a median follow-up of 12 (range, 3.1–56.7) months, the 1-year DC and OS rates were 64.4% and 55.2%, respectively. The development of DM significantly deteriorated OS (p = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, significant independent prognostic indicators for DC and OS rates were the highest posttreatment PLR (≤235.7 vs. >235.7, p = 0.006) and the lowest posttreatment PNI (≤25.4 vs. >25.4, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Posttreatment serum PLR might be helpfully used as a predictive biomarker of DM in unresectable HCC patients undergoing RT. Future research is necessary to confirm our findings.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by low-grade malignant potential and uncertain histogenesis, and usually afflicts relatively young women. The tumors typically manifest as well-marginated, mixed density lesions consisting of a solid peripheral and central cystic component in conjunction with hemorrhagic foci. SPN with apparent high-grade malignant transformation is a rare histologic variant. Herein, we report a rare case of SPN with high-grade malignant transformation diagnosed in a 75-year-old female, with emphasis on differential diagnoses and role of normalized ADC values. SPN with malignant transformation should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of mixed solid and cystic masses with hemorrhagic components, irregular margin and lower normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in an elderly female patient, as was the case discussed below.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of the axial approach for real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy along Brödel avascular plane.In this retrospective analysis of 41 percutaneous biopsies performed from June 2014 to June 2015, patients' medical records, pathology results, complication rate, and pain score before and during the procedure were reviewed.The average number of sampled glomeruli was 16.1 ± 7.2 (mean ± SD). There were no major complications. The 2 minor complications, transient macrohematuria and small perirenal hematoma, occurred at a rate of 4.89% but regressed spontaneously in both cases.The axial approach along Brödel avascular plane is a feasible alternative approach for percutaneous biopsy of the native kidney.

Gastric volvulus is defined as an abnormal degree of rotation of one part of the stomach around another (1). Gastric volvulus may lead to severe complication such as gastric ischemia, perforation, and even death. The mortality rate is reportedly 30– 50% (2). Wandering spleen is defined as a movable spleen that can migrate from its normal position to any part of the abdomen or pelvis. Splenic torsion itself is a rare condition with an annual incidence of < 0.2% with or without association of wandering spleen (3). Splenic torsion is potentially fatal, if not urgently managed with surgery. It may cause ischemia, infarction, and even necrosis of the spleen (1). Gastric volvulus and wandering spleen can occur independently. However, these disease entities share a common congenital etiology of anomalous intraperitoneal visceral attachment originating from the dorsal mesogastrium. To our knowledge, only a few cases have been reported previously in literature. Herein, we described a case of gastric volvulus associated with wandering spleen and intestinal non-rotation in a 15-year-old girl, focusing on the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings. Multidetector Computed Tomography Findings of Mesenteroaxial Gastric Volvulus Combined with Torsion of Wandering Spleen: A Case Report and Literature Review 유주 비장의 염전과 동반된 장간막축성 위 염전의 다중검출기 전산화단층촬영 소견: 증례 보고 및 문헌 고찰

Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is essential for the prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in gastric cancer. However, the measurement method and size criteria for metastatic LNs using MDCT are unclear.MDCTs of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and had pathological staging were reviewed by radiologists. The two-dimensional cutoff values for LNs with suspected metastasis were calculated, and clinicopathological data were analyzed using those cutoff values.The total number of enrolled patients was 327. The cutoff values of the maximal area with metastatic LNs were obtained significantly at stations 3, 4, and 6, and those values were 112.09, 33.79, and 85.88 mm(2), respectively. The common cutoff value was 112.09 mm(2), and the area under the curve was 0.617 (P = 0.002). The overall survival rate of the patients with LNs less than 112.09 mm(2) was significantly better than those with LNs greater than 112.09 mm(2) (P0.001). In multivariate analysis, the maximal LN area was an independent prognostic factor (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.697 [95% confidence interval 1.116-2.582]).Using two-dimensional values for LNs measured by MDCT is a practical method of predicting metastatic LNs in gastric cancer. The maximal LN area value would be useful in both the preoperative staging and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in detecting common bile duct (CBD) stones in acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP).The medical records of patients presenting with ABP from January 2008 to July 2013 were reviewed to assess the value of MRCP in detecting CBD stones in ABP. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was used as the reference standard to assess the diagnostic yield of MRCP in detecting choledocholithiasis. When ERCP was unavailable, intraoperative cholangiography or clinical follow-up was used as the reference standard.Seventy-eight patients who underwent MRCP were diagnosed with ABP, and thirty of the 78 patients (38%) were confirmed to have CBD stones per the study protocol. The sensitivity of MRCP in detecting CBD stones in ABP was 93.3% compared to 66.7% for abdominal CT (P 0.008). The overall accuracy of MRCP in detecting choledocholithiasis was 85.9% compared to 74.0% for abdominal CT (P 0.041). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of MRCP in detecting CBD stones was 0.882, which was more accurate than the AUC of 0.727 for abdominal CT (P = 0.039). In 38 patients who underwent ERCP, the sensitivity and negative predictive value of MRCP in detecting CBD stones were both 100% regardless of the dilatation of the bile duct (≥7 mm versus 7 mm).MRCP is an effective, noninvasive modality to detect CBD stones in ABP and can help identify patients who require ERCP.

Ultrasonography (US) is recommended as a standard surveillance tool for patients with a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the low sensitivity of US for small HCC can lead to surveillance failure, resulting in advanced stage tumor presentations. For the early detection of HCC in high-risk patients and to improve survival and prognosis, a new efficient imaging tool with a high sensitivity for HCC detection is needed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the feasibility and efficacy of non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with US as a surveillance tool for HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis. MAGNUS-HCC is a prospective, multicenter clinical trial with a crossover design for a single arm of patients. This study was approved by six Institutional Review Boards, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. All patients will undergo liver US every 6 months and non-contrast liver MRI every 12 months during a follow-up period of 3 years. If a focal liver lesion suspected of harboring HCC is detected, dynamic liver computed tomography (CT) will be performed to confirm the diagnosis. After the last surveillance round, patients without suspicion of HCC or who are not diagnosed with HCC will be evaluated with a dynamic liver CT to exclude false-negative findings. The primary endpoint is to compare the rate of detection of HCC by US examinations performed at 6-month intervals with that of yearly non-contrast liver MRI studies during a 3-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint is the survival of the patients who developed HCC within the 3-year follow-up period. MAGNUS-HCC is the first study to compare the feasibility of non-contrast MRI with US as a surveillance tool for the detection of HCC in high-risk patients. We anticipate that the evidence presented in this study will establish the efficacy of non-contrast MRI as a surveillance tool for HCC in high-risk patients. The date of trial registration ( NCT02551250 ) in this study was September 15, 2015, and follow-up is still ongoing.

The extent of serosal exposure varies depending on the cross-section of the stomach that is viewed, affected by the visceral peritoneum of the omentum. Although multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the most useful method to predict serosal exposure, the MDCT criteria for such exposure by cross-sectional location remain to be established. The MDCT of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery, and for whom pathological reports were available, were reviewed by radiologists. The MDCT criteria for invasion depth were divided into five grades: (1) smooth margin; (2) undulating margin; (3) streaky margin within vessels; (4) nodular margin within perigastric vessels; and (5) streaky or nodular margin over the perigastric vessels. The five grades were compared in terms of pathological tumor depth by curvature and wall group. A total of 125 patients of stage ≥ T2 were enrolled. The five MDCT grades correlated with tumor depth (P

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) findings of adnexal torsion (AT) according to the anatomical subtypes and identify MDCT findings that may predict conservative treatment.A total of 295 consecutive women with pelvic pain who underwent preoperative MDCT and subsequent surgery less than 24 h after admission were included in this retrospective study. Among them, 116 women (mean age: 33.9 years; range: 3-80 years) with histopathologically confirmed AT after surgery were included in the final analysis.On histopathological examination, an underlying ovarian mass was found in 98 women (98/116, 84.5%). In the group without ovarian mass (n=18), massive edema (12/18, 66.7% vs. 16/98, 16.3%; P0.001) was frequently found. However, in the group with ovarian mass (n=98), twisted tube or pedicle (5/18, 27.8% vs. 55/98, 56.1%; P=0.027) and concentric or eccentric wall thickening (5/18, 27.8% vs. 82/98, 83.7%; P0.001) demonstrated a statistically significant higher incidence. Based on the surgical and pathological results, the 116 women were classified into three subtypes including ovary-tubal (89/116, 77%), ovary only (22/116, 19%) and tubal only subtype (5/116, 4%). In the ovary-tubal subtype, tubal thickening (88/89, 98.9% vs. 11/22, 50.0%; P0.001), twisted tube or pedicle (57/89, 64.0% vs. 3/22, 13.6%; P0.001) and remaining tubal enhancement (52/89, 58.4% vs. 7/22, 31.8%; P=0.025) were more frequently observed than in the ovary only subtype. There was no significant difference between the relative frequency of imaging findings in the cystectomy group and adnexectomy group of the ovary-tubal type.Knowledge of common and characteristic MDCT findings of AT according to the anatomical subtypes is important to make accurate diagnosis and avoid delayed treatment.

Objectives To report the multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) findings of small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by Meckel's diverticulum. Materials and methods Ten patients (9 men and 1 woman; age range, 2–44 years; median age, 21 years) with surgical proven Meckel's diverticulum who presented SBO on the preoperative MDCT were included in the study. Results On MDCT, all patients presented with SBO, either high-grade ( n = 6) or low-grade obstruction ( n = 4). Meckel's diverticulum was identified in five patients ( n = 5, 50%) on preoperative MDCT. In the five patients in whom a diverticulum was not seen on preoperative MDCT, MDCT showed a transition site on ileum with dilated proximal loops ( n = 3), pneumoperitoneum ( n = 1), jejuno-jejunal intussusception ( n = 1). Transition zone was located near midline in four patients (4/5, 80%). Conclusion The diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum complicated SBO can be made with certainty when the diverticulum is visualized on preoperative MDCT. However, the preoperative diagnosis is difficult if the Meckel's diverticulum is not noted on the MDCT. When the obstructive processes are visualized in the lower abdomen or pelvis, particularly near the midline, one should keep in mind that SBO may be caused by Meckel's diverticulum without prior surgical history.

Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of extraperitoneal ascending appendicitis. Materials and methods The MDCT examinations of 10 patients with extraperitoneal ascending appendicitis confirmed by laparoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative MDCT examinations were obtained after intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material in all patients. Transverse and coronal reformatted MDCT images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists. The presence of the extraperitoneal triangle sign, the split interfascial plane sign, and the other classical findings of appendicitis were evaluated. Results Luminal dilatation, wall enhancement of the inflamed appendix, and fat infiltration were present in 10/10 patients (100%). The perforation of the inflamed appendix with abscess formation was present in 4/10 patients (40%). The split interfascial plane sign was present in 7/10 patients (70%), and parts of inflamed appendix or periappendiceal abscess were located behind the right extraperitoneal triangle in 8/10 patients (80%). Conclusion The split interfascial plane sign and the presence of an appendiceal tip or periappendiceal abscess located in the right extraperitoneal triangle are highly suggestive of extraperitoneal ascending appendicitis on MDCT.