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207 results on '"Young, James J."'

1. Neuropsychiatric complications of coronavirus disease 2019: Mount Sinai Health System cohort study

Author

Gururangan, Kapil, Peschansky, Veronica J., Van Hyfte, Grace, Agarwal, Parul, Blank, Leah J., Mathew, Brian, Goldstein, Jonathan, Kwon, Churl-Su, McCarthy, Louise, Cohen, Ariella, Chan, Andy Ho Wing, Deng, Pojen, Dhamoon, Mandip, Gutzwiller, Eveline, Hao, Qing, He, Celestine, Klenofsky, Britany, Lemus, Hernan Nicolas, Marcuse, Lara, Navis, Allison, Heredia Nunez, Wilson D., Luckey, Mallory N., Schorr, Emily M., Singh, Anuradha, Tantillo, Gabriela B., Ufongene, Claire, Young, James J., Balchandani, Priti, Festa, Joanne R., Naasan, Georges, Charney, Alexander W., Nadkarni, Girish N., and Jetté, Nathalie

Published
2024
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2. Flight control and performance estimation of wild free flying birds and implications for small-unmanned air vehicles

Author

Young, James J., Windsor, Shane, and Richardson, Tom

Subjects
bio-inspired, flight control, bird flight, UAV, flight mechanics, computer vision, object tracking, aeronautics, dynamics and control
Abstract

Birds fly with apparent ease, remaining in control during manoeuvres despite large variations in wind conditions. They do this reliably, repeatably and efficiently. This thesis looks at the flight control of two species of bird, the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) and the red kite (Milvus milvus). Rotational stereo videography, a 3D multi-point tracking technique, is employed in the field to study the flight control of wild members of these species in free flight. The motion of the bird's wings and tail was related to the measured flight path to estimate flight control parameters, giving an indication of the control strategies being implemented by the birds. By examining the equivalent control laws for fixed wing aircraft this work highlights the features of the birds' flight control strategy which might enhance the performance of a gliding bird when compared to a traditional fixed wing aircraft with discreet trailing edge control surfaces. Looking firstly at longitudinal control of flight path angle in gliding flight, it was found that the gulls used fore and aft movement, adjusting the effective sweep of their wings to control their longitudinal flight path angle when in steady glide. This result is interesting as it highlights the decoupling of pitch angle from longitudinal flight path control as is typically found in rigid body fixed wing vehicles. Secondly when making gliding turns the gulls kept their tails furled and used bank angle to adjust their turning radius much in the same way that rigid body fixed wing aircraft do. It was found that the equations of motion for rigid body fixed wing turning mechanics can be applied to model the gulls turning performance as in this case the tail played little roll in controlling turning flight. Conversely a very different result was seen in the turning performance of the red kites. These birds make active use of a widely spread and comparatively large set of tail feather to enhance their control in turning flight. In a straight glide the tail was seen to twist up to ± 30º to help the bird to maintain its desired ground track and in steeper turns the tail was pro-versely deflected into the direction of the turn to enhance the effective amount of pro-turn force and to increase turn rate and reduce turn radius for a given bank angle. Turns at a lower bank angle made more use of this tail twist than turns at higher bank angles where a small change in wing angle has a larger effect. The study of the birds inspired three novel control strategies: wing sweep for pitch control, wing twist for direct lift control, and wing rise/flap for variable lateral-directional stability. These three control schemes are implemented on a representative small un[1]manned aerial vehicle focusing on control about the principal axes using an articulating main wing, with freedom to rotate about the wing root. Wind tunnel testing and computational modelling using a vortex lattice method were used to study the flight dynamics and control potential of these strategies. Wing sweep for longitudinal flight path control was found to be highly effective, particularly at higher angles of attack. This effective weight shift changes the moment arm between the centre of pressure and the centre of mass and can generate large pitching moments without making large changes to the angle of attack, as such dynamic manoeuvres such as end over end tumbles are achievable. Wing twist for roll control was found to be no more effective than properly sized ailerons, with the upgoing wing being pushed close to its critical angle and in extreme cases stalling and inducing control reversal. Symmetric wing twist for direct lift control has some transient benefits but effectively changes the longitudinal trim position of the fuselage as the wing adopts a new setting angle, its effect was of limited benefit. Finally, being able to dynamically vary the wings dihedral/anhedral angle in flight can profoundly affect the lateral direction stability of the vehicle. High dihedral angles stabilise the spiral mode and excite the Dutch roll mode and might be beneficial in environments where the vehicle would be subject to strong and variable lateral gusts. To conclude, birds fly quite differently from three-axis, rigid body fixed wing vehicles and some elements of directly controlling the main wing may be beneficial for small unmanned aerial vehicles that demand high levels of agility performance in unsteady flow fields. Having articulated wings and tails extends the flight envelope of 'fixed wing' vehicles, traditional design rules become less applicable and new performance metrics and control concepts are required to fully exploit the benefits over a fixed wing design.

Published
2023

3. Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Needling Therapies for Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults

Author

Yu, Hainan, Wang, Dan, Verville, Leslie, Southerst, Danielle, Bussières, André, Gross, Douglas P., Pereira, Paulo, Mior, Silvano, Tricco, Andrea C., Cedraschi, Christine, Brunton, Ginny, Nordin, Margareta, Shearer, Heather M., Wong, Jessica J., Connell, Gaelan, Myrtos, Danny, da Silva-Oolup, Sophia, Young, James J., Funabashi, Martha, Romanelli, Andrew, Lee, Joyce G. B., Stuber, Kent, Guist, Brett, Muñoz Laguna, Javier, Hofstetter, Léonie, Murnaghan, Kent, Hincapié, Cesar A., and Cancelliere, Carol

Published
2023
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4. Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Structured and Standardized Education or Advice for Chronic Primary low back pain in Adults

Author

Southerst, Danielle, Hincapié, Cesar A., Yu, Hainan, Verville, Leslie, Bussières, André, Gross, Douglas P., Pereira, Paulo, Mior, Silvano, Tricco, Andrea C., Cedraschi, Christine, Brunton, Ginny, Nordin, Margareta, Wong, Jessica J., Connell, Gaelan, Shearer, Heather M., DeSouza, Astrid, Muñoz Laguna, Javier, Lee, Joyce G. B., To, Daphne, Lalji, Rahim, Stuber, Kent, Funabashi, Martha, Hofstetter, Léonie, Myrtos, Danny, Romanelli, Andrew, Guist, Brett, Young, James J., da Silva-Oolup, Sophia, Stupar, Maja, Wang, Dan, Murnaghan, Kent, and Cancelliere, Carol

Published
2023
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15. Effectiveness of postsurgical rehabilitation following lumbar disc herniation surgery: A systematic review

Author

Yu, Hainan, Cancelliere, Carol, Mior, Silvano, Pereira, Paulo, Nordin, Margareta, Brunton, Ginny, Wong, Jessica J., Shearer, Heather M., Connell, Gaelan, Ead, Lauren, Verville, Leslie, Rezai, Mana, Myrtos, Danny, Wang, Dan, Marchand, Andrée-Anne, Romanelli, Andrew, Germann, Darrin, To, Daphne, Young, James J., Southerst, Danielle, Candelaria, Henry, Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah, and Côté, Pierre

Published
2024
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17. Intracranial substrates of meditation-induced neuromodulation in amygdala and hippocampus

Author

Maher, Christina, primary, Tortolero, Lea, additional, Cummins, Daniel, additional, Saad, Adam, additional, Young, James J, additional, Nunez Martinez, Lizbeth, additional, Schulman, Zachary, additional, Marcuse, Lara, additional, Waters, Allison, additional, Mayberg, Helen, additional, Davidson, Richard J, additional, Saez, Ignacio, additional, and Panov, Fedor, additional

Published
2024
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23. Long-term Trajectories of Low Back Pain in Older Men: A Prospective Cohort Study With 10-Year Analysis of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.

Author

McNaughton, David T, Roseen, Eric J, Patel, Sheena, Downie, Aron, Øverås, Cecilie K, Nim, Casper, Harsted, Steen, Jenkins, Hazel, Young, James J, Hartvigsen, Jan, Wong, Jessica J, Stone, Katie L, Ensrud, Kristine E, Lee, Soomi, Cawthon, Peggy M, and Fink, Howard A

Subjects
LUMBAR pain, OLDER men, OLDER people, BONE fractures, QUALITY of life
Abstract

Although low back pain (LBP) may persist or recur over time, few studies have evaluated the individual course of LBP over a long-term period, particularly among older adults. Based on data from the longitudinal Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, we aimed to identify and describe different LBP trajectories in older men and characterize members in each trajectory group. A total of 5 976 community-dwelling men (mean age = 74.2) enrolled at 6 U.S. sites were analyzed. Participants self-reported LBP (yes/no) every 4 months for a maximum of 10 years. Latent class growth modeling was performed to identify unique LBP trajectory groups that explained variation in the LBP data. The association of baseline characteristics with trajectory group membership was assessed using univariable and multivariable multinominal logistic regression. A 5-class solution was chosen; no/rare LBP (n  = 2 442/40.9%), low frequency-stable LBP (n  = 1 040/17.4%), low frequency-increasing LBP (n  = 719/12%), moderate frequency-decreasing LBP (n  = 745/12.5%), and high frequency-stable LBP (n  = 1 030/17.2%). History of falls (OR = 1.52), history of LBP (OR = 6.37), higher physical impairment (OR = 1.51–2.85), and worse psychological function (OR = 1.41–1.62) at baseline were all associated with worse LBP trajectory groups in this sample of older men. These findings present an opportunity for targeted interventions and/or management to older men with worse or increasing LBP trajectories and associated modifiable risk factors to reduce the impact of LBP and improve quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Association of back pain with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older men: a cohort study.

Author

Roseen, Eric J, McNaughton, David T, Harrison, Stephanie, Downie, Aron S, Øverås, Cecilie K, Nim, Casper G, Jenkins, Hazel J, Young, James J, Hartvigsen, Jan, Stone, Katie L, Ensrud, Kristine E, Lee, Soomi, Cawthon, Peggy M, and Fink, Howard A

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality, MORTALITY risk factors, RISK assessment, SELF-evaluation, INDEPENDENT living, SECONDARY analysis, HEALTH status indicators, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, CAUSES of death, ATTITUDES toward disabilities, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH, TUMORS, CONFIDENCE intervals, BACKACHE, COMORBIDITY, OLD age
Abstract

Objective We evaluated whether more severe back pain phenotypes—persistent, frequent, or disabling back pain—are associated with higher mortality rate among older men. Methods In this secondary analysis of a prospective cohort, the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, we evaluated mortality rates by back pain phenotype among 5215 older community-dwelling men (mean age, 73 years, SD = 5.6) from 6 sites in the United States. The primary back pain measure used baseline and Year 5 back pain questionnaire data to characterize participants as having no back pain, nonpersistent back pain, infrequent persistent back pain, or frequent persistent back pain. Secondary measures of back pain from the Year 5 questionnaire included disabling back pain phenotypes. The main outcomes measured were all-cause and cause-specific death. Results After the Year 5 exam, during up to 18 years of follow-up (mean follow-up = 10.3 years), there were 3513 deaths (1218 cardiovascular, 764 cancer, 1531 other). A higher proportion of men with frequent persistent back pain versus no back pain died (78% versus 69%; sociodemographic-adjusted HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.11–1.45). No association was evident after further adjustment for health-related factors, such as self-reported general health and comorbid chronic health conditions (fully adjusted HR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.86–1.15). Results were similar for cardiovascular deaths and other deaths, but we observed no association of back pain with cancer deaths. Secondary back pain measures, including back-related disability, were associated with increased mortality risk that remained statistically significant in fully adjusted models. Conclusion Although frequent persistent back pain was not independently associated with risk of death in older men, additional secondary disabling back pain phenotypes were independently associated with increased mortality rate. Future investigations should evaluate whether improvements in disabling back pain affect general health and well-being or risk of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Flight control and performance estimation of wild free flying birds and implications for small-unmanned air vehicles

Author

Young, James J and Young, James J

Abstract

Birds fly with apparent ease, remaining in control during manoeuvres despite large variations in wind conditions. They do this reliably, repeatably and efficiently. This thesis looks at the flight control of two species of bird, the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) and the red kite (Milvus milvus). Rotational stereo videography, a 3D multi-point tracking technique, is employed in the field to study the flight control of wild members of these species in free flight. The motion of the bird’s wings and tail was related to the measured flight path to estimate flight control parameters, giving an indication of the control strategies being implemented by the birds. By examining the equivalent control laws for fixed wing aircraft this work highlights the features of the birds’ flight control strategy which might enhance the performance of a gliding bird when compared to a traditional fixed wing aircraft with discreet trailing edge control surfaces. Looking firstly at longitudinal control of flight path angle in gliding flight, it was found that the gulls used fore and aft movement, adjusting the effective sweep of their wings to control their longitudinal flight path angle when in steady glide. This result is interesting as it highlights the decoupling of pitch angle from longitudinal flight path control as is typically found in rigid body fixed wing vehicles. Secondly when making gliding turns the gulls kept their tails furled and used bank angle to adjust their turning radius much in the same way that rigid body fixed wing aircraft do. It was found that the equations of motion for rigid body fixed wing turning mechanics can be applied to model the gulls turning performance as in this case the tail played little roll in controlling turning flight. Conversely a very different result was seen in the turning performance of the red kites. These birds make active use of a widely spread and comparatively large set of tail feather to

Published
2023

36. Towards healthy populations: A need to strengthen systems for musculoskeletal health

Author

Briggs, Andrew M, primary, Betteridge, Neil, additional, Dreinhöfer, Karsten E., additional, Haq, Syed Atiqul, additional, Huckel Schneider, Carmen, additional, Kalla, Asgar Ali, additional, Kopansky-Giles, Deborah, additional, March, Lyn, additional, Sharma, Saurab, additional, Soriano, Enrique R., additional, Woolf, Anthony D., additional, Young, James J., additional, and Slater, Helen, additional

Published
2023
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40. Context and priorities for health systems strengthening for pain and disability in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary qualitative study and content analysis of health policies

Author

Briggs, Andrew M, primary, Jordan, Joanne E, additional, Sharma, Saurab, additional, Young, James J, additional, Chua, Jason, additional, Foster, Helen E, additional, Haq, Syed Atiqul, additional, Huckel Schneider, Carmen, additional, Jain, Anil, additional, Joshipura, Manjul, additional, Kalla, Asgar Ali, additional, Kopansky-Giles, Deborah, additional, March, Lyn, additional, Reis, Felipe J J, additional, Reyes, Katherine Ann V, additional, Soriano, Enrique R, additional, and Slater, Helen, additional

Published
2022
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42. Electroencephalography at the height of a pandemic: EEG findings in patients with COVID-19

Author

Tantillo, Gabriela B., primary, Jetté, Nathalie, additional, Gururangan, Kapil, additional, Agarwal, Parul, additional, Marcuse, Lara, additional, Singh, Anuradha, additional, Goldstein, Jonathan, additional, Kwon, Churl-Su, additional, Dhamoon, Mandip S., additional, Navis, Allison, additional, Nadkarni, Girish N., additional, Charney, Alexander W., additional, Young, James J., additional, Blank, Leah J., additional, Fields, Madeline, additional, and Yoo, Ji Yeoun, additional

Published
2022
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43. Responsive Neurostimulation for People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Fields, Madeline C., primary, Marsh, Christina, additional, Eka, Onome, additional, Johnson, Emily A., additional, Marcuse, Lara V., additional, Kwon, Churl-Su, additional, Young, James J., additional, LaVega-Talbott, Maite, additional, Kurukumbi, Mohankumar, additional, Von Allmen, Gretchen, additional, Zempel, John, additional, Friedman, Daniel, additional, Jette, Nathalie, additional, Singh, Anuradha, additional, Yoo, Ji Yeoun, additional, Blank, Leah, additional, Panov, Fedor, additional, and Ghatan, Saadi, additional

Published
2022
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50. Context and priorities for health systems strengthening for pain and disability in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary qualitative study and content analysis of health policies.

Author

Briggs, Andrew M, Jordan, Joanne E, Sharma, Saurab, Young, James J, Chua, Jason, Foster, Helen E, Haq, Syed Atiqul, Schneider, Carmen Huckel, Jain, Anil, Joshipura, Manjul, Kalla, Asgar Ali, Kopansky-Giles, Deborah, March, Lyn, Reis, Felipe J J, Reyes, Katherine Ann V, Soriano, Enrique R, and Slater, Helen

Subjects
MIDDLE-income countries, PEOPLE with disabilities, CONTENT analysis, POLICY analysis, HEALTH policy, NON-communicable diseases, QUALITATIVE research
Abstract

Musculoskeletal (MSK) health impairments contribute substantially to the pain and disability burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet health systems strengthening (HSS) responses are nascent in these settings. We aimed to explore the contemporary context, framed as challenges and opportunities, for improving population-level prevention and management of MSK health in LMICs using secondary qualitative data from a previous study exploring HSS priorities for MSK health globally and (2) to contextualize these findings through a primary analysis of health policies for integrated management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in select LMICs. Part 1: 12 transcripts of interviews with LMIC-based key informants (KIs) were inductively analysed. Part 2: systematic content analysis of health policies for integrated care of NCDs where KIs were resident (Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Malaysia, Philippines and South Africa). A thematic framework of LMIC-relevant challenges and opportunities was empirically derived and organized around five meta-themes: (1) MSK health is a low priority; (2) social determinants adversely affect MSK health; (3) healthcare system issues de-prioritize MSK health; (4) economic constraints restrict system capacity to direct and mobilize resources to MSK health; and (5) build research capacity. Twelve policy documents were included, describing explicit foci on cardiovascular disease (100%), diabetes (100%), respiratory conditions (100%) and cancer (89%); none explicitly focused on MSK health. Policy strategies were coded into three categories: (1) general principles for people-centred NCD care, (2) service delivery and (3) system strengthening. Four policies described strategies to address MSK health in some way, mostly related to injury care. Priorities and opportunities for HSS for MSK health identified by KIs aligned with broader strategies targeting NCDs identified in the policies. MSK health is not currently prioritized in NCD health policies among selected LMICs. However, opportunities to address the MSK-attributed disability burden exist through integrating MSK-specific HSS initiatives with initiatives targeting NCDs generally and injury and trauma care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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