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En este ensayo me propongo analizar La obediencia nocturna de Juan Vicente Melo como una novela confesional, entendiendo por confesión la secuencia narrativa integrada por tres momentos identificados por J. M. Coetzee como: transgresión, confesión y absolución. Se entiende por transgresión una grave falta que atenta contra un orden vital; a través de la confesión, se toma conciencia del acto que interrumpe dicho orden vital; mientras que la absolución es el momento en que la memoria se libera y en que se asiste a la revelación de una verdad que permite la unificación de la vida. Leer esta novela como una confesión permite considerar el relato de la vida en crisis del protagonista no como un fin en sí mismo, sino como un medio desde el que le es revelada una verdad personal, misma que operará un cambio en su estado.

This study was undertaken to investigate the possible genetic association of functional CTLA4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to non-anterior uveitis. Four hundred and seventeen patients with endogenous non-anterior uveitis and 1517 healthy controls of Spanish Caucasian origin were genotyped for the CTLA4 polymorphisms rs733618, rs5742909 and rs231775, using predesigned TaqMan(©) allele discrimination assays. PLINK software was used for the statistical analyses. No significant associations between the CTLA4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to global non-anterior uveitis were found. It was also the case when the potential association of these genetic variants with the anatomical localization of the disease, such as intermediate, posterior or panuveitis, was assessed. Our results do not support a relevant role of these CTLA4 polymorphisms in the non-anterior uveitis genetic predisposition.

BACKGROUND: Large-scale genetic studies have reported several loci associated with specific disorders involving uveitis. Our aim was to identify genetic risk factors that might predispose to uveitis per se, independent of the clinical diagnosis, by performing a dense genotyping of immune-related loci.METHODS: 613 cases and 3693 unaffected controls from three European case/control sets were genotyped using the Immunochip array. Only patients with non-infectious non-anterior uveitis and without systemic features were selected. To perform a more comprehensive analysis of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region, SNPs, classical alleles and polymorphic amino acid variants were obtained via imputation. A meta-analysis combining the three case/control sets was conducted by the inverse variance method.RESULTS: The highest peak belonged to the HLA region. A more detailed analysis of this signal evidenced a strong association between the classical allele HLA-A*2902 and birdshot chorioretinopathy (p=3.21E-35, OR=50.95). An omnibus test yielded HLA-A 62 and 63 as relevant amino acid positions for this disease. In patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis, the strongest associations belonged to the rs7197 polymorphism, within HLA-DRA (p=2.07E-11, OR=1.99), and the HLA-DR15 haplotype (DRB1*1501: p=1.16E-10, OR=2.08; DQA1*0102: p=4.37E-09, OR=1.77; DQB1*0602: p=7.26E-10, OR=2.02). Outside the HLA region, the MAP4K4/IL1R2 locus reached statistical significance (rs7608679: p=8.38E-07, OR=1.42). Suggestive associations were found at five other loci.CONCLUSIONS: We have further interrogated the association between the HLA region and non-infectious non-anterior uveitis. In addition, we have identified a new non-HLA susceptibility factor and proposed additional risk loci with putative roles in this complex condition.

Background/aims A pathogenic role of Th17 cells in uveitis has become clear in recent years. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the possible influence of the IL 17A locus on susceptibility to non-anterior uveitis and its main clinical subgroups. Methods Five IL17A polymorphisms (rs4711998, rs8193036, rs3819024, rs2275913 and rs7747909), selected by tagging, were genotyped using TagMan assays in 353 Spanish patients with non-anterior uveitis and 1851 ethnically matched controls. Results The case/control analysis yielded a consistent association between two of the analysed genetic variants, rs8193036 and rs2275913, and the presence of panuveitis under a dominant model (p(FDR)=2.86E-03, OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.59 and p(FDR)=0.033, OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.97, respectively). Subsequently, a specific association of both polymorphisms with the diffuse form of the disease was evident in the subphenotype analysis when considering this same genetic model (panuveitis vs posterior and intermediate uveitis: rs8193036, p=0.020; rs2275913, p=0.038). Independent effects of rs8193036 and rs2275913 were observed by conditional regression analysis. Conclusions Polymorphisms within the IL 17A locus show a novel association with panuveitis. Our data agree with the elevated levels of this cytokine that are found in patients with uveitis, supporting a crucial role of Th17 cells in this pathology. Subtitle Our results clearly evidenced the role of IL 17A as a novel genetic risk factor for panuveitis, thus suggesting the implication of Th17 cells in the extensive inflammation of the uveal tract that occurs in this subtype of uveitis.