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2. Data from The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., primary, Schoemaker, Minouk J., primary, Wright, Lauren B., primary, McGowan, Craig, primary, Brook, Mark N., primary, McClain, Kathleen M., primary, Jones, Michael E., primary, Adami, Hans-Olov, primary, Agnoli, Claudia, primary, Baglietto, Laura, primary, Bernstein, Leslie, primary, Bertrand, Kimberly A., primary, Blot, William J., primary, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, primary, Butler, Lesley, primary, Chen, Yu, primary, Doody, Michele M., primary, Dossus, Laure, primary, Eliassen, A. Heather, primary, Giles, Graham G., primary, Gram, Inger T., primary, Hankinson, Susan E., primary, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, primary, Kaaks, Rudolf, primary, Key, Timothy J., primary, Kirsh, Victoria A., primary, Kitahara, Cari M., primary, Koh, Woon-Puay, primary, Larsson, Susanna C., primary, Lund, Eiliv, primary, Ma, Huiyan, primary, Merritt, Melissa A., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, Navarro, Carmen, primary, Overvad, Kim, primary, Ozasa, Kotaro, primary, Palmer, Julie R., primary, Peeters, Petra H., primary, Riboli, Elio, primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Sadakane, Atsuko, primary, Sund, Malin, primary, Tamimi, Rulla M., primary, Trichopoulou, Antonia, primary, Vatten, Lars, primary, Visvanathan, Kala, primary, Weiderpass, Elisabete, primary, Willett, Walter C., primary, Wolk, Alicja, primary, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, primary, Zheng, Wei, primary, Sandler, Dale P., primary, and Swerdlow, Anthony J., primary

Published
2023
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3. Table S1 from The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., primary, Schoemaker, Minouk J., primary, Wright, Lauren B., primary, McGowan, Craig, primary, Brook, Mark N., primary, McClain, Kathleen M., primary, Jones, Michael E., primary, Adami, Hans-Olov, primary, Agnoli, Claudia, primary, Baglietto, Laura, primary, Bernstein, Leslie, primary, Bertrand, Kimberly A., primary, Blot, William J., primary, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, primary, Butler, Lesley, primary, Chen, Yu, primary, Doody, Michele M., primary, Dossus, Laure, primary, Eliassen, A. Heather, primary, Giles, Graham G., primary, Gram, Inger T., primary, Hankinson, Susan E., primary, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, primary, Kaaks, Rudolf, primary, Key, Timothy J., primary, Kirsh, Victoria A., primary, Kitahara, Cari M., primary, Koh, Woon-Puay, primary, Larsson, Susanna C., primary, Lund, Eiliv, primary, Ma, Huiyan, primary, Merritt, Melissa A., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, Navarro, Carmen, primary, Overvad, Kim, primary, Ozasa, Kotaro, primary, Palmer, Julie R., primary, Peeters, Petra H., primary, Riboli, Elio, primary, Rohan, Thomas E., primary, Sadakane, Atsuko, primary, Sund, Malin, primary, Tamimi, Rulla M., primary, Trichopoulou, Antonia, primary, Vatten, Lars, primary, Visvanathan, Kala, primary, Weiderpass, Elisabete, primary, Willett, Walter C., primary, Wolk, Alicja, primary, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, primary, Zheng, Wei, primary, Sandler, Dale P., primary, and Swerdlow, Anthony J., primary

Published
2023
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6. Gestational diabetes and risk of breast cancer before age 55 years

Author

Bertrand, Kimberly A, primary, O’Brien, Katie M, additional, Wright, Lauren B, additional, Palmer, Julie R, additional, Blot, William J, additional, Eliassen, A Heather, additional, Rosenberg, Lynn, additional, Sandin, Sven, additional, Tobias, Deirdre, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Zheng, Wei, additional, Swerdlow, Anthony J, additional, Schoemaker, Minouk J, additional, Nichols, Hazel B, additional, and Sandler, Dale P, additional

Published
2021
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7. Adult weight change and premenopausal breast cancer risk : A prospective pooled analysis of data from 628,463 women

Author

Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Ma, Huiyan, Milne, Roger L., Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sacerdote, Carlotta, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Ma, Huiyan, Milne, Roger L., Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sacerdote, Carlotta, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., and Swerdlow, Anthony J.

Abstract

Early-adulthood body size is strongly inversely associated with risk of premenopausal breast cancer. It is unclear whether subsequent changes in weight affect risk. We pooled individual-level data from 17 prospective studies to investigate the association of weight change with premenopausal breast cancer risk, considering strata of initial weight, timing of weight change, other breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer subtype. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using Cox regression. Among 628,463 women, 10,886 were diagnosed with breast cancer before menopause. Models adjusted for initial weight at ages 18-24 years and other breast cancer risk factors showed that weight gain from ages 18-24 to 35-44 or to 45-54 years was inversely associated with breast cancer overall (e.g., HR per 5 kg to ages 45-54: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95-0.98) and with oestrogen-receptor(ER)-positive breast cancer (HR per 5 kg to ages 45-54: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98). Weight gain from ages 25-34 was inversely associated with ER-positive breast cancer only and weight gain from ages 35-44 was not associated with risk. None of these weight gains were associated with ER-negative breast cancer. Weight loss was not consistently associated with overall or ER-specific risk after adjusting for initial weight. Weight increase from early-adulthood to ages 45-54 years is associated with a reduced premenopausal breast cancer risk independently of early-adulthood weight. Biological explanations are needed to account for these two separate factors.

Published
2020
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8. Breast cancer risk in relation to history of preeclampsia and hyperemesis gravidarum: Prospective analysis in the Generations Study

Author

Wright, Lauren B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Jones, Michael E., Ashworth, Alan, and Swerdlow, Anthony J.

Subjects
Adult, Receptor, ErbB-2, Breast Neoplasms, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, preeclampsia, Postmenopause, breast cancer, Pre-Eclampsia, Premenopause, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Hyperemesis Gravidarum, cohort study, Humans, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Prospective Studies, Breast Carcinoma In Situ, skin and connective tissue diseases, Cancer Epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

Preeclampsia and hyperemesis gravidarum are pregnancy complications associated with altered sex hormone levels. Previous studies suggest preeclampsia may be associated with a decreased risk of subsequent breast cancer and hyperemesis with an increased risk, but the evidence remains unclear. We used data from the Generations Study, a large prospective study of women in the United Kingdom, to estimate relative risks of breast cancer in relation to a history of preeclampsia and hyperemesis using Cox regression adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors. During 7.5 years average follow‐up of 82,053 parous women, 1,969 were diagnosed with invasive or in situ breast cancer. Women who had experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy had a significantly decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) =0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.90) and of HER2‐enriched tumours (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91), but there was no association with overall (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80–1.02) or postmenopausal (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.85–1.12) breast cancer risk. Risk reductions among premenopausal women were strongest within 20 years since the last pregnancy with preeclampsia. Hyperemesis was associated with a significantly increased risk of HER2‐enriched tumours (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07–2.87), but not with other intrinsic subtypes or breast cancer risk overall. These results provide evidence that preeclampsia is associated with a decreased risk of premenopausal and HER2‐enriched breast cancer and that hyperemesis, although not associated with breast cancer risk overall, may be associated with raised risk of HER2‐enriched tumours., What's new? Although the link of preeclampsia and hyperemesis gravidarum with altered sex hormone levels is well established, relatively little is known about the association of these pregnancy complications with breast cancer risk. Here, the authors found that a history of preeclampsia decreased the risk of premenopausal breast cancer and tumors enriched for the receptor tyrosine‐protein kinase HER2. In contrast, hyperemesis gravidarum increased the risk to develop HER2‐enriched tumors, pointing to nuanced differences of sex hormone alterations during pregnancy with respect to breast cancer subtypes and menopausal status.

Published
2018

9. Adult weight change and premenopausal breast cancer risk: A prospective pooled analysis of data from 628,463 women

Author

Schoemaker, Minouk J., primary, Nichols, Hazel B., additional, Wright, Lauren B., additional, Brook, Mark N., additional, Jones, Michael E., additional, O'Brien, Katie M., additional, Adami, Hans‐Olov, additional, Baglietto, Laura, additional, Bernstein, Leslie, additional, Bertrand, Kimberly A., additional, Boutron‐Ruault, Marie‐Christine, additional, Chen, Yu, additional, Connor, Avonne E., additional, Dossus, Laure, additional, Eliassen, A. Heather, additional, Giles, Graham G., additional, Gram, Inger T., additional, Hankinson, Susan E., additional, Kaaks, Rudolf, additional, Key, Timothy J., additional, Kirsh, Victoria A., additional, Kitahara, Cari M., additional, Larsson, Susanna C., additional, Linet, Martha, additional, Ma, Huiyan, additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, Ozasa, Kotaro, additional, Palmer, Julie R., additional, Riboli, Elio, additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Sacerdote, Carlotta, additional, Sadakane, Atsuko, additional, Sund, Malin, additional, Tamimi, Rulla M., additional, Trichopoulou, Antonia, additional, Ursin, Giske, additional, Visvanathan, Kala, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Willett, Walter C., additional, Wolk, Alicja, additional, Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte, Anne, additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, and Swerdlow, Anthony J., additional

Published
2020
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10. Breast Cancer Risk After Recent Childbirth : A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Studies

Author

Nichols, Hazel B, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B, Brook, Mark N, Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Gram, Inger T, Hankinson, Susan E, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kitahara, Cari M, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Sandler, Dale P, Nichols, Hazel B, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B, Brook, Mark N, Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Gram, Inger T, Hankinson, Susan E, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kitahara, Cari M, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R, Swerdlow, Anthony J, and Sandler, Dale P

Abstract

Background: Parity is widely recognized as protective for breast cancer, but breast cancer risk may be increased shortly after childbirth. Whether this risk varies with breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, or specific tumor subtype has rarely been evaluated. Objective: To characterize breast cancer risk in relation to recent childbirth. Design: Pooled analysis of individual-level data from 15 prospective cohort studies. Setting: The international Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group. Participants: Women younger than 55 years. Measurements: During 9.6 million person-years of follow-up, 18 826 incident cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had an HR for breast cancer that peaked about 5 years after birth (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.63 to 1.99]) before decreasing to 0.77 (CI, 0.67 to 0.88) after 34 years. The association crossed over from positive to negative about 24 years after birth. The overall pattern was driven by estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; no crossover was seen for ER-negative cancer. Increases in breast cancer risk after childbirth were pronounced when combined with a family history of breast cancer and were greater for women who were older at first birth or who had more births. Breastfeeding did not modify overall risk patterns. Limitations: Breast cancer diagnoses during pregnancy were not uniformly distinguishable from early postpartum diagnoses. Data on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene overexpression were limited. Conclusion: Compared with nulliparous women, parous women have an increased risk for breast cancer for more than 20 years after childbirth. Health care providers should consider recent childbirth a risk factor for breast cancer in young women. Primary Funding Source: The Avon Foundation, the National Institute of Environmental

Published
2019
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11. Breast cancer risk after recent childbirth : A pooled analysis of 15 prospective studies

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Sandler, Dale P., Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R., Swerdlow, Anthony J., and Sandler, Dale P.

Published
2019

12. Breast cancer risk after recent childbirth: A pooled analysis of 15 prospective studies

Author

UMC Utrecht Academie, Epi Kanker Team 1, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Sandler, Dale P., UMC Utrecht Academie, Epi Kanker Team 1, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Cai, Jianwen, Xu, Jiawei, Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kitahara, Cari M., Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Pala, Valeria, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Tjønneland, Anne, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wolk, Alicja, Zheng, Wei, Weinberg, Clarice R., Swerdlow, Anthony J., and Sandler, Dale P.

Published
2019

13. Breast Cancer Risk After Recent Childbirth

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., primary, Schoemaker, Minouk J., additional, Cai, Jianwen, additional, Xu, Jiawei, additional, Wright, Lauren B., additional, Brook, Mark N., additional, Jones, Michael E., additional, Adami, Hans-Olov, additional, Baglietto, Laura, additional, Bertrand, Kimberly A., additional, Blot, William J., additional, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, additional, Dorronsoro, Miren, additional, Dossus, Laure, additional, Eliassen, A. Heather, additional, Giles, Graham G., additional, Gram, Inger T., additional, Hankinson, Susan E., additional, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, additional, Kaaks, Rudolf, additional, Key, Timothy J., additional, Kitahara, Cari M., additional, Larsson, Susanna C., additional, Linet, Martha, additional, Merritt, Melissa A., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, Pala, Valeria, additional, Palmer, Julie R., additional, Peeters, Petra H., additional, Riboli, Elio, additional, Sund, Malin, additional, Tamimi, Rulla M., additional, Tjønneland, Anne, additional, Trichopoulou, Antonia, additional, Ursin, Giske, additional, Vatten, Lars, additional, Visvanathan, Kala, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Wolk, Alicja, additional, Zheng, Wei, additional, Weinberg, Clarice R., additional, Swerdlow, Anthony J., additional, and Sandler, Dale P., additional

Published
2018
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14. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women.

Author

Schoemaker, Minouk J, Nichols, Hazel B, Wright, Lauren B, Brook, Mark N, Jones, Michael E, O'Brien, Katie M, Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Hankinson, Susan E, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kirsh, Victoria A, Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C, Linet, Martha S, Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C, Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Nichols, Hazel B, Wright, Lauren B, Brook, Mark N, Jones, Michael E, O'Brien, Katie M, Adami, Hans-Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E, Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Hankinson, Susan E, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kirsh, Victoria A, Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C, Linet, Martha S, Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C, Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P, and Swerdlow, Anthony J

Abstract

Importance: The association between increasing body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and risk of breast cancer is unique in cancer epidemiology in that a crossover effect exists, with risk reduction before and risk increase after menopause. The inverse association with premenopausal breast cancer risk is poorly characterized but might be important in the understanding of breast cancer causation. Objective: To investigate the association of BMI with premenopausal breast cancer risk, in particular by age at BMI, attained age, risk factors for breast cancer, and tumor characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter analysis used pooled individual-level data from 758 592 premenopausal women from 19 prospective cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of premenopausal breast cancer in association with BMI from ages 18 through 54 years using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Median follow-up was 9.3 years (interquartile range, 4.9-13.5 years) per participant, with 13 082 incident cases of breast cancer. Participants were recruited from January 1, 1963, through December 31, 2013, and data were analyzed from September 1, 2013, through December 31, 2017. Exposures: Body mass index at ages 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 54 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Invasive or in situ premenopausal breast cancer. Results: Among the 758 592 premenopausal women (median age, 40.6 years; interquartile range, 35.2-45.5 years) included in the analysis, inverse linear associations of BMI with breast cancer risk were found that were stronger for BMI at ages 18 to 24 years (HR per 5 kg/m2 [5.0-U] difference, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.80) than for BMI at ages 45 to 54 years (HR per 5.0-U difference, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.91). The inverse associations were observed even among nonoverweight women. There was a 4.2-fold risk gradient between the highest and lowest BMI categories (BMI≥35.0 vs <17.0) at ages

Published
2018
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15. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women

Author

Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koh, Woon Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha S., Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koh, Woon Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha S., Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., and Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group

Published
2018

16. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women

Author

Epi Kanker Team 1, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koh, Woon Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha S., Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, Epi Kanker Team 1, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Schoemaker, Minouk J., Nichols, Hazel B., Wright, Lauren B., Brook, Mark N., Jones, Michael E., O'Brien, Katie M., Adami, Hans Olov, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Braaten, Tonje, Chen, Yu, Connor, Avonne E., Dorronsoro, Miren, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Hankinson, Susan E., Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M., Koh, Woon Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Linet, Martha S., Ma, Huiyan, Masala, Giovanna, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M., Trichopoulou, Antonia, Ursin, Giske, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Yuan, Jian Min, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Sandler, Dale P., Swerdlow, Anthony J., and Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group

Published
2018

17. The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration : A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium.

Author

Nichols, Hazel B, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Wright, Lauren B, McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N, McClain, Kathleen M, Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Butler, Lesley, Chen, Yu, Doody, Michele M, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Gram, Inger T, Hankinson, Susan E, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kirsh, Victoria A, Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C, Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C, Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, Swerdlow, Anthony J, Nichols, Hazel B, Schoemaker, Minouk J, Wright, Lauren B, McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N, McClain, Kathleen M, Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, Butler, Lesley, Chen, Yu, Doody, Michele M, Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A Heather, Giles, Graham G, Gram, Inger T, Hankinson, Susan E, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J, Kirsh, Victoria A, Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C, Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A, Milne, Roger L, Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R, Peeters, Petra H, Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E, Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C, Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, and Swerdlow, Anthony J

Abstract

Breast cancer is a leading cancer diagnosis among premenopausal women around the world. Unlike rates in postmenopausal women, incidence rates of advanced breast cancer have increased in recent decades for premenopausal women. Progress in identifying contributors to breast cancer risk among premenopausal women has been constrained by the limited numbers of premenopausal breast cancer cases in individual studies and resulting low statistical power to subcategorize exposures or to study specific subtypes. The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group was established to facilitate cohort-based analyses of risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer by pooling individual-level data from studies participating in the United States National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. This article describes the Group, including the rationale for its initial aims related to pregnancy, obesity, and physical activity. We also describe the 20 cohort studies with data submitted to the Group by June 2016. The infrastructure developed for this work can be leveraged to support additional investigations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(9); 1360-9. ©2017 AACR.

Published
2017
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18. The premenopausal breast cancer collaboration : A pooling project of studies participating in the national cancer institute cohort consortium

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Wright, Lauren B., McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N., Mcclain, Kathleen M., Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Butler, Lesley M, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Doody, Michele M., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, Swerdlow, Anthony J., Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Wright, Lauren B., McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N., Mcclain, Kathleen M., Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Butler, Lesley M, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Doody, Michele M., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, and Swerdlow, Anthony J.

Published
2017

19. The premenopausal breast cancer collaboration: A pooling project of studies participating in the national cancer institute cohort consortium

Author

UMC Utrecht, Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Wright, Lauren B., McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N., Mcclain, Kathleen M., Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Butler, Lesley M, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Doody, Michele M., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, Swerdlow, Anthony J., UMC Utrecht, Epi Kanker Team 1, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cancer, Nichols, Hazel B., Schoemaker, Minouk J., Wright, Lauren B., McGowan, Craig, Brook, Mark N., Mcclain, Kathleen M., Jones, Michael E, Adami, Hans-Olov, Agnoli, Claudia, Baglietto, Laura, Bernstein, Leslie, Bertrand, Kimberly A, Blot, William J., Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine, Butler, Lesley M, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Doody, Michele M., Dossus, Laure, Eliassen, A. Heather, Giles, Graham G., Gram, Inger T., Hankinson, Susan E., Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, Kaaks, Rudolf, Key, Timothy J., Kirsh, Victoria A., Kitahara, Cari M, Koh, Woon-Puay, Larsson, Susanna C., Lund, Eiliv, Ma, Huiyan, Merritt, Melissa A., Milne, Roger L., Navarro, Carmen, Overvad, Kim, Ozasa, Kotaro, Palmer, Julie R., Peeters, Petra H., Riboli, Elio, Rohan, Thomas E., Sadakane, Atsuko, Sund, Malin, Tamimi, Rulla M, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Vatten, Lars, Visvanathan, Kala, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Willett, Walter C., Wolk, Alicja, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, Zheng, Wei, Sandler, Dale P, and Swerdlow, Anthony J.

Published
2017

21. The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium

Author

Nichols, Hazel B., primary, Schoemaker, Minouk J., additional, Wright, Lauren B., additional, McGowan, Craig, additional, Brook, Mark N., additional, McClain, Kathleen M., additional, Jones, Michael E., additional, Adami, Hans-Olov, additional, Agnoli, Claudia, additional, Baglietto, Laura, additional, Bernstein, Leslie, additional, Bertrand, Kimberly A., additional, Blot, William J., additional, Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine, additional, Butler, Lesley, additional, Chen, Yu, additional, Doody, Michele M., additional, Dossus, Laure, additional, Eliassen, A. Heather, additional, Giles, Graham G., additional, Gram, Inger T., additional, Hankinson, Susan E., additional, Hoffman-Bolton, Judy, additional, Kaaks, Rudolf, additional, Key, Timothy J., additional, Kirsh, Victoria A., additional, Kitahara, Cari M., additional, Koh, Woon-Puay, additional, Larsson, Susanna C., additional, Lund, Eiliv, additional, Ma, Huiyan, additional, Merritt, Melissa A., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, Navarro, Carmen, additional, Overvad, Kim, additional, Ozasa, Kotaro, additional, Palmer, Julie R., additional, Peeters, Petra H., additional, Riboli, Elio, additional, Rohan, Thomas E., additional, Sadakane, Atsuko, additional, Sund, Malin, additional, Tamimi, Rulla M., additional, Trichopoulou, Antonia, additional, Vatten, Lars, additional, Visvanathan, Kala, additional, Weiderpass, Elisabete, additional, Willett, Walter C., additional, Wolk, Alicja, additional, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Anne, additional, Zheng, Wei, additional, Sandler, Dale P., additional, and Swerdlow, Anthony J., additional

Published
2017
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23. Gestational diabetes and risk of breast cancer before age 55 years.

Author

Bertrand KA, O'Brien KM, Wright LB, Palmer JR, Blot WJ, Eliassen AH, Rosenberg L, Sandin S, Tobias D, Weiderpass E, Zheng W, Swerdlow AJ, Schoemaker MJ, Nichols HB, and Sandler DP

Subjects
Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Parity, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk Factors, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Diabetes, Gestational epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with breast cancer risk in some studies, particularly in young women, but results of cohort studies are conflicting., Methods: We pooled data from 257 290 young (age <55 years) women from five cohorts. We used multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between GDM history and risk of breast cancer, overall and by oestrogen receptor (ER) status, before age 55 years, adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors., Results: Five percent of women reported a history of GDM and 6842 women reported an incident breast-cancer diagnosis (median follow-up = 16 years; maximum = 24 years). Compared with parous women without GDM, women with a history of GDM were not at increased risk of young-onset breast cancer overall (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.03) or by ER status (HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.16 for ER-positive; HR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.47 for ER-negative). Compared with nulliparous women, parous women with a history of GDM had a lower risk of breast cancer overall (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.91) and of ER-positive (HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.02) but not ER-negative (HR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.54) invasive breast cancer. These results were consistent with the HRs comparing parous women without GDM to nulliparous women., Conclusions: Results of this analysis do not support the hypothesis that GDM is a risk factor for breast cancer in young women. Our findings suggest that the well-established protective effect of parity on risk of ER-positive breast cancer persists even for pregnancies complicated by GDM., (© The Author(s) 2021; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.)

Published
2022
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24. Breast Cancer Risk After Recent Childbirth: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Prospective Studies.

Author

Nichols HB, Schoemaker MJ, Cai J, Xu J, Wright LB, Brook MN, Jones ME, Adami HO, Baglietto L, Bertrand KA, Blot WJ, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dorronsoro M, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hankinson SE, Hoffman-Bolton J, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kitahara CM, Larsson SC, Linet M, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Pala V, Palmer JR, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Ursin G, Vatten L, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Wolk A, Zheng W, Weinberg CR, Swerdlow AJ, and Sandler DP

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Breast Feeding, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Maternal Age, Middle Aged, Parity, Pregnancy, Premenopause, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Estrogen analysis, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Parturition
Abstract

Background: Parity is widely recognized as protective for breast cancer, but breast cancer risk may be increased shortly after childbirth. Whether this risk varies with breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, or specific tumor subtype has rarely been evaluated., Objective: To characterize breast cancer risk in relation to recent childbirth., Design: Pooled analysis of individual-level data from 15 prospective cohort studies., Setting: The international Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group., Participants: Women younger than 55 years., Measurements: During 9.6 million person-years of follow-up, 18 826 incident cases of breast cancer were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression., Results: Compared with nulliparous women, parous women had an HR for breast cancer that peaked about 5 years after birth (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.63 to 1.99]) before decreasing to 0.77 (CI, 0.67 to 0.88) after 34 years. The association crossed over from positive to negative about 24 years after birth. The overall pattern was driven by estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; no crossover was seen for ER-negative cancer. Increases in breast cancer risk after childbirth were pronounced when combined with a family history of breast cancer and were greater for women who were older at first birth or who had more births. Breastfeeding did not modify overall risk patterns., Limitations: Breast cancer diagnoses during pregnancy were not uniformly distinguishable from early postpartum diagnoses. Data on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene overexpression were limited., Conclusion: Compared with nulliparous women, parous women have an increased risk for breast cancer for more than 20 years after childbirth. Health care providers should consider recent childbirth a risk factor for breast cancer in young women., Primary Funding Source: The Avon Foundation, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Breast Cancer Now and the UK National Health Service, and the Institute of Cancer Research.

Published
2019
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25. Association of Body Mass Index and Age With Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Women.

Author

Schoemaker MJ, Nichols HB, Wright LB, Brook MN, Jones ME, O'Brien KM, Adami HO, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Boutron-Ruault MC, Braaten T, Chen Y, Connor AE, Dorronsoro M, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Hankinson SE, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh WP, Larsson SC, Linet MS, Ma H, Masala G, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Palmer JR, Peeters PH, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Sadakane A, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Trichopoulou A, Ursin G, Vatten L, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Wolk A, Yuan JM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Sandler DP, and Swerdlow AJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Premenopause, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Age Factors, Body Mass Index, Breast Neoplasms etiology
Abstract

Importance: The association between increasing body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and risk of breast cancer is unique in cancer epidemiology in that a crossover effect exists, with risk reduction before and risk increase after menopause. The inverse association with premenopausal breast cancer risk is poorly characterized but might be important in the understanding of breast cancer causation., Objective: To investigate the association of BMI with premenopausal breast cancer risk, in particular by age at BMI, attained age, risk factors for breast cancer, and tumor characteristics., Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter analysis used pooled individual-level data from 758 592 premenopausal women from 19 prospective cohorts to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of premenopausal breast cancer in association with BMI from ages 18 through 54 years using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Median follow-up was 9.3 years (interquartile range, 4.9-13.5 years) per participant, with 13 082 incident cases of breast cancer. Participants were recruited from January 1, 1963, through December 31, 2013, and data were analyzed from September 1, 2013, through December 31, 2017., Exposures: Body mass index at ages 18 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 54 years., Main Outcomes and Measures: Invasive or in situ premenopausal breast cancer., Results: Among the 758 592 premenopausal women (median age, 40.6 years; interquartile range, 35.2-45.5 years) included in the analysis, inverse linear associations of BMI with breast cancer risk were found that were stronger for BMI at ages 18 to 24 years (HR per 5 kg/m2 [5.0-U] difference, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.80) than for BMI at ages 45 to 54 years (HR per 5.0-U difference, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.91). The inverse associations were observed even among nonoverweight women. There was a 4.2-fold risk gradient between the highest and lowest BMI categories (BMI≥35.0 vs <17.0) at ages 18 to 24 years (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14-0.40). Hazard ratios did not appreciably vary by attained age or between strata of other breast cancer risk factors. Associations were stronger for estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive than for hormone receptor-negative breast cancer for BMI at every age group (eg, for BMI at age 18 to 24 years: HR per 5.0-U difference for estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive tumors, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.81] vs hormone receptor-negative tumors, 0.85 [95% CI: 0.76-0.95]); BMI at ages 25 to 54 years was not consistently associated with triple-negative or hormone receptor-negative breast cancer overall., Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this study suggest that increased adiposity is associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer at a greater magnitude than previously shown and across the entire distribution of BMI. The strongest associations of risk were observed for BMI in early adulthood. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying these associations could have important preventive potential.

Published
2018
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