Search

The introduction of Large Language Models (LLM) to the chatbot landscape has opened intriguing possibilities for academic libraries to offer more responsive and institutionally contextualized support to users, especially outside of regular service hours. While a few academic libraries currently employ AI-based chatbots on their websites, this service has not yet become the norm and there are no best practices in place for how academic libraries should launch, train, and assess the usefulness of a chatbot. In summer 2023, staff from the University of Delaware's Morris Library information technology (IT) and reference departments came together in a unique partnership to pilot a low-cost AI-powered chatbot called UDStax. The goals of the pilot were to learn more about the campus community's interest in engaging with this tool and to better understand the labor required on the staff side to maintain the bot. After researching six different options, the team selected Chatbase, a subscription-model product based on ChatGPT 3.5 that provides user-friendly training methods for an AI model using website URLs and uploaded source material. Chatbase removed the need to utilize the OpenAI API directly to code processes for submitting information to the AI engine to train the model, cutting down the amount of work for library information technology and making it possible to leverage the expertise of reference librarians and other public-facing staff, including student workers, to distribute the work of developing, refining, and reviewing training materials. This article will discuss the development of prompts, leveraging of existing data sources for training materials, and workflows involved in the pilot. It will argue that, when implementing AI-based tools in the academic library, involving staff from across the organization is essential to ensure buy-in and success. Although chatbots are designed to hide the effort of the people behind them, that labor is substantial and needs to be recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to examine pacing strategies and identify the stroke that has the most significant impact on overall performance in men's and women's 200-m and 400-m individual-medley events from 2000 to 2021. Methods: The time in each lap and overall race was retrieved from the World Aquatics website. The standardized time for each stroke in individual medley was calculated by dividing the actual time by a reference time specific to each stroke. The reference time was derived from the respective laps in single-stroke finals in the 2017 World Swimming Championships. The decision-tree method was used for analysis. The dependent variables were qualified or nonqualified in heats and semifinals, and winning medals in finals. The independent variables were the ratio of standardized time in each stroke to the sum of standardized time in all 4 strokes. Results: Swimmers who spent a higher ratio of standardized time in the butterfly stroke (>0.236–0.245) are associated with a higher likelihood of winning medals or qualifying for the next stage in most men's and women's 200-m and 400-m individual medley. Butterfly exhibited the highest normalized importance that distinguished medalists from nonmedalists in the finals. The front-crawl stroke is the second most important determinant in medalists in men's and women's 200-m individual medley, whereas backstroke and breaststroke were the second most important in men's and women's 400-m individual medley, respectively. Conclusion: Individual-medley swimmers who were excellent in butterfly and conserved energy in butterfly had a higher likelihood of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many patrons, libraries are synonymous with books and reading. However, people don't always take advantage of reader's advisory services offered by libraries. Rather than approaching librarians for suggestions of what to read, most people instead turn to their personal networks or express a preference for more passive approaches to recommendations. As a halfway point between in-person reader's advisory interactions and algorithmic recommendations, Worthington Libraries staff leveraged the NoveList and Polaris APIs to create custom book recommendation kiosks. Recommendation Stations, as we call them, allow people to scan a book barcode, browse read-alikes, check local availability and print shelf locations, all in the guise of an interactive fortune teller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional discovery environments now serve as central resource databases for researchers in the academic environment. Over the last several decades, there have been numerous discovery layer research inquiries centering primarily on user satisfaction measures of discovery system effectiveness. This study focuses on the creation of a largely automated method for evaluating discovery layer quality, utilizing the bibliographic sources from student research projects. Building on past research, the current study replaces a semiautomated Excel Fuzzy Lookup Add-In process with a fully scripted R-based approach, which employs the stringdist R package and applies the Jaro-Winkler distance metric as the matching evaluator. The researchers consider the error rate incurred by relying solely on an automated matching metric. They also use Open Refine for normalization processes and package the tools together on an OSF site for other institutions to use. Since the R-based approach does not require special processing or time and can be reproduced with minimal effort, it will allow future studies and users of our method to capture larger sample sizes, boosting validity. While the assessment process has been streamlined and shows promise, there remain issues in establishing solid connections between research paper bibliographies and discovery layer use. Subsequent research will focus on creating alternatives to paper titles as search proxies that better resemble genuine information-seeking behavior and comparing undergraduate and graduate student interactions within discovery environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite ongoing efforts to improve database accessibility, aggregated database vendors concede that they do not have complete control over document accessibility. Instead, they point to the responsibility of journal publishers to deliver articles in an accessible format. This may increase the likelihood that users with disabilities will encounter articles that are not compatible with a screen reader. To better understand the extent of the problem, a document accessibility audit was conducted of randomly selected articles from EBSCO's Library & Information Source database. Full-text articles from 12 library science journals were evaluated against two measures of screen reader compatibility: HTML format (the optimal format for screen readers) and PDF accessibility conformance. Findings showed inconsistencies in HTML format availability for articles in the selected journals. Additionally, the entire sample of PDF articles failed to meet the minimum standard of PDF Universal Accessibility of containing a tagged structure. However, all PDF articles passed accessibility permissions tests, so could be made accessible retroactively by a third party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes librarian research on information visualization as well as general trends in the broader field, highlighting the most recent trends, important journals, and which subject disciplines are most involved with information visualization. By comparing librarian research to the broader field, the paper identifies opportunities for libraries to improve their information visualization support services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, Libraries and Cultural Resources (LCR) at the University of Calgary used Qualtrics XM to design and pilot a point-of-use survey to collect user feedback on the usability of our implementation of Primo, Ex Libris's web-scale discovery service. Over a two-week period, users were presented with the pop-up survey while searching and asked to provide feedback. This article summarizes how we designed and implemented this point-of-use survey and the lessons learned from this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chatbots are "computer agents that can interact with the user" in a way that feels like human-to-human conversation.1 While the use of chatbots for reference service in academic libraries is a topic of interest for both library professionals and researchers, little is known about how they are used in library reference service, especially in academic libraries in Canada. This article aims to fill this gap by conducting a web-based survey of 106 academic library websites in Canada and analyzing the prevalence and characteristics of chatbot and live chat services offered by these libraries. The authors found that only two libraries were using chatbots for reference service. For live chat services, the authors found that 78 libraries provided this service. The article discusses possible reasons for the low adoption of chatbots in academic libraries, such as accessibility, privacy, cost, and professional identity issues. The article also provides a case study of the authors' institution, the University of Calgary, which integrated a chatbot service in 2021. The article concludes with suggestions for future research on chatbot use in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sir Tim Berners-Lee proposed a data management system as a project to CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research) 35 years ago, in March 1989 (Berners Lee, 1989). He had [...]

With the rapid development of e-health and telemedicine, previous studies have explored the relationship between physician-patient communication and patient satisfaction; however, there is a paucity of research on the influence of the characteristics of patient communication on the characteristics of physician feedback. Based on the communication accommodation theory, as well as the computer-mediated communication theory and media richness theory, this study aimed to explore how characteristics of patient communication influence characteristics of physician feedback in online health communities. We employed a crawler software to download the communication data between 1652 physicians and 105,325 patients from the Good Doctor platform, the biggest online health community in China. We built an empirical model using this data and employed a multilevel model to test our hypotheses using Stata and Python software. The results indicate that the amount of patients' rendered information positively influences the physicians' text (α = 0.123, t = 33.147, P <.001) and voice feedback (β = 0.201, t = 40.011, P <.001). Patients' hope for help signals and the provision of their electronic health records weaken the effect of the amount of patients' rendered information on physicians' text feedback (α = –0.040, t = –24.857, P <.001; α = –0.048, t = –15.784, P <.001), whereas, it strengthened the effect of the amount of patients' rendered information on physicians' voice feedback (β = 0.033, t = 14.789, P <.001; β = 0.017, t = 4.208, P <.001). Moreover, the occurrence of high-privacy diseases strengthened the effect of the amount of patients' presented information on physicians' text and voice feedback (α = 0.023, t = 4.870, P <.001; β = 0.028, t = 4.282, P <.001). This research contributes to the development of computer-mediated communication theories and sheds light on service delivery in the online health community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Remote care usefulness and climate change co-benefits should be addressed simultaneously to incentivize political action. Objectives: To assess the changes in healthcare consumption, lung function and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dutch cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Design: Retrospective multicentre observational study in five Dutch CF centres. Methods: Eighty-one participants were included. Healthcare consumption was described alongside the COVID-19 Stringency Index (2019–2022). Travel related GHG emissions were calculated for every clinic visit. Changes in percentage predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (ppFEV1) were assessed using a paired-samples T -test. Results: Healthcare consumption patterns followed COVID-19 public health measure stringency but returned back to the "old normal". Emission of 5.450, 3 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents were avoided while quality of care was relatively preserved. ppFEV1 declined as expected (Δ Means 3.69%, 95%CI 2.11–5.28). Conclusion: Remote monitoring of lung function and symptoms and teleconsultations in CF can reduce GHG emissions while maintaining quality of care. As health sectors constitute a large share of national climate change footprints, digital health can partly alleviate this burden by reducing private travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: While understanding racial/ethnic disparities in mental health services use is a growing priority in colleges and universities, little is known the attitudes that may contribute to these disparities. Methods: This study investigates the relationship between clinic diversity, ethnic-racial identity, discrimination, and treatment attitudes. College students n = 250 (Asian 21%, Black 11%, Latinx 23%, and White 45%) participated in an online experimental task rating hypothetical clinic websites that varied by clinician diversity and completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Results: Clinician diversity did not influence treatment attitudes, but discrimination and ethnic-racial identity were significantly related to treatment attitudes. Additionally, the relationship between public regard and treatment attitudes was moderated by race/ethnicity. Conclusions: By focusing on treatment attitudes rather than behaviors, this study addresses potential areas of intervention to address racial/ethnic disparities in college mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding patients' degree of frailty is crucial for tailoring clinical care for older adults based on their physiologic reserve and health needs ("frailty‐guided clinical care"). Two prerequisites for frailty‐guided clinical care are: (1) access to frailty information at the point of care and (2) evidence to inform decisions based on frailty information. Recent advancements include web‐based frailty assessment tools and their electronic health records integration for time‐efficient, standardized assessments in clinical practice. Additionally, database frailty scores from administrative claims and electronic health records data enable scalable assessments and evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of medical interventions across different frailty levels using real‐world data. Given limited evidence from clinical trials, real‐world database studies can complement trial results and help treatment decisions for individuals with frailty. This article, based on the Thomas and Catherine Yoshikawa Award lecture I gave at the American Geriatrics Society Annual Meeting in Long Beach, California, on May 5, 2023, outlines our group's contributions: (1) developing and integrating a frailty index calculator (Senior Health Calculator) into the electronic health records at an academic medical center; (2) developing a claims‐based frailty index for Medicare claims; (3) applying this index to evaluate the effect of medical interventions for patients with and without frailty; and (4) efforts to disseminate frailty assessment tools through the launch of the eFrailty website and the forthcoming addition of the claims‐based frailty index to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse. This article concludes with future directions for frailty‐guided clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: An emerging field of research seeks to understand the experiences of non-offending adults who experience sexual attraction towards children. Research indicates that this largely hidden population can experience significant mental ill health and suicidal ideation, yet are reluctant to seek professional mental health support. Furthermore, mental ill health has been identified as a factor that can increase the likelihood of offending. This study, undertaken by a social work practitioner researcher, aimed to assist in understanding suicidality factors within this population, and to identify how statutory mental health services could be developed for this client group, thus contributing to child protection and suicide prevention agendas. A qualitative analysis was undertaken of data gathered from an online forum used by adults who have sexual attraction towards children, and are committed to non-offending. The data related to forum members' experiences of suicidality, and key themes were identified through thematic analysis. Findings: The study found that a pattern of suicidal ideation commonly appears to manifest and identified risk and protective factors that can influence suicidality. The benefits of peer support and the strengths and limitations of professional support were also identified. Applications: The findings from this study contribute to an improved understanding of this client group for mental health practitioners. The findings also lay the foundation for further investigations, to inform the development of mental health services to facilitate improved outcomes for this client group, and for child protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Fatality Review Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) is a web-based data collection tool for child death review and fetal and infant mortality review teams. The NFR-CRS captures information from the multidisciplinary review, including the social and community risk factors that may have impacted the death. The NFR-CRS is a nimble data system that has evolved throughout the past 20 years. The most recent enhancements include a life stressors section focused on collecting contextual information such as racism and poverty, revised cause of death sections to better align data collected with risk factors identified in the research, and enhanced data visualizations. The NFR-CRS has improved data quality since the launch of a data quality initiative in 2015. As a result of the data quality initiative, the completeness, consistency, accuracy, and timeliness of the NFR-CRS data have improved. Limitations for the NFR-CRS include the fact that data entered are not population-based, data fields have evolved over time, and there are high percentages of missing and unknown data. Despite its limitations, the NFR-CRS remains a valuable research tool, especially when paired with other data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diaries have been used regularly in international settings as an evidence‐based and easily applicable intervention following a person‐centred approach in the intensive care unit (ICU). In addition, a diary web application known as 'Post‐ICU' has been implemented. Aim: To explore the usability of an innovative digital diary from the perspectives of intensive care patients' relatives. Study Design: A cross‐sectional online survey study was applied among a convenience sample of relatives in the ICUs of two hospitals in the Netherlands. The investigator‐developed questionnaire included, among other things, items with the appreciation of the layout, user friendliness and functionality of the diary. Relevance and applicability were rated between 1 and 10. Data were analysed with SPSS© software, version 27, and reported as the means (±standard deviation [SD]) and percentages. Results: Sixty‐three relatives with an average age of 51 years (SD ± 14.3) participated in the study; there was a slight predominance of women (57%). All but one participant found using the digital diary easy and were able to upload photos to the diary. The participants had invited other relatives (75%) and nurses (61%) to write in the diary, which they viewed as easily feasible (89%). The relevance and applicability of the diary were rated with mean scores of 8.1 (SD ± 1.9) and 8.3 (SD ± 1.6), respectively. Conclusions: The participants found the Post‐ICU diary web application highly valuable and easily feasible. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and technophobia were not found to influence the usability of the digital diary. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The implementation of this new digital tool supports a person‐centred ICU policy because of its focus on the personal diary entries of the patient and the collaborative writing process featuring relatives and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM The aimof this study was to analyze nursing student level of knowledge and understanding of current experiences of Indigenous people within the Canadian health care system to identify curricular gaps that need to be addressed. BACKGROUND In response to the 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, nursing schools have begun incorporating Indigenous health content into curricula. However, few studies about the implementation and effectiveness of this education exist. METHOD Students wrote a reflection and engaged with colleagues' reflections after watching a video from the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network. Fifteen reflections were selected using systematic, random sampling to undergo thematic analysis. RESULTS Two themes were identified: 1) students' understanding of barriers Indigenous populations face when accessing the health care system and 2) students' perceptions of strategies to ensure culturally safe care for Indigenous populations. CONCLUSION Analysis of students' learning through a reflection activity can improve the Indigenous health content curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Decreasing suicide mortality has become an overarching goal for societies worldwide. Suicide registers and other monitoring systems are a valuable source of information that can be used for addressing the suicide phenomenon and evaluating preventative interventions. Aims: This scoping review provides an overview of literature published in the last decade that has focussed on the operations (functioning) and characteristics of suicide registers and other suicide monitoring systems. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched in 2020 for identifying published material from January 2010 to October 2020. The searches were updated in October 2023 to include material from 2020 to date. Grey literature through Google searches and mental health commissions websites and the reference lists of selected documents were also searched. Results: Twenty-five articles were included in this review. Nearly half the articles were from the United States, followed by Australia. Nine countries were identified as having used suicide registers or suicide-specific monitoring systems to inform suicide prevention. Monitoring mechanisms varied across the countries examined. No article provided evidence that definitively linked suicide registers or other monitoring systems for suicide with the prevention of suicide or reduction in suicide rates. However, a variety of benefits of suicide monitoring for preventative and public health interventions were identified. Conclusions: The number of nations with surveillance systems for suicide prevention is low. Further, there is a lack of consistency in the systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of suicide-related information across the countries examined. Efforts to establish high-quality suicide surveillance systems that can be accessed in a timely and easy manner are needed to inform tailored strategies for suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media have become crucial communication channels for human papilloma virus (HPV) patients to seek and receive social support that can benefit their physical and psychological health. To promote supportive communication on online social platforms, we analyzed 96,543 messages, including 7,407 posts and 89,136 comments, concerning social support on Baidu HPV Forum, one of China's largest online HPV support groups. We examined factors (i.e., threat and efficacy) in posts requesting social support associated with the amount of social support received in comments. Results revealed that the majority of social support messages received in comments represented informational support, whereas relatively few comments featured instrumental social support. Beyond that, high-threat, non-efficacy posts requesting social support received a greater amount of informational and emotional support in the comments than other types of posts requesting social support. Theoretical and practical implications of our study are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For caregivers of people living with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD), adapting and applying methods optimizing learning (MOL) to a specific situation, based on preserved cognitive skills, can be challenging. This study aimed to 1) co-develop workshops, a web application and accompanying materials to support the operationalization of MOL; 2) better understand the factors influencing caregivers' use of MOL, and 3) evaluate the perceived effects of the workshops. A participatory action research study was conducted in collaboration with family caregivers of people living with MNCD and healthcare and community organization workers (HCOW). Qualitative questionnaires and interviews were conducted and transcribed in verbatim. Thematic content analysis was conducted. Workshops and accompanying materials were co-developed and continuously improved based on conceptual framework and feedback from the participants. The final version of the workshops consisted of seven two-hour sessions structured around the type of cognitive deficits affecting the realization of activities. Facilitators (e.g. help to identify the person's capabilities) and barriers (e.g. fluctuation of MNCD symptoms) for caregivers' use of the MOL were reported. The identification of the cause of reactive behavioral expressions could be challenging for some family caregivers, reducing the use of MOL. Caregivers mentioned their increased preparedness to support and relationship with the person living with MNCD and feeling of competence for analyzing the reactive behavioral expressions and to use MOL. This participatory action research has shown that caregivers can acquire abilities to adapt and apply MOL in specific situations with people living with MNCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At-home respite services seem too rigid to meet the needs of older adults and their caregivers. It is critical to develop service flexibility, as it allows for personalized care, adapted to health conditions, preferences, and evolving needs. While no prior studies used coconstruction methods to increase flexibility, this study could offer a better understanding of flexible respite for stakeholders. Using a living lab approach, this article aimed to (1) empirically determine the characteristics of this type of respite model and (2) document the levers and obstacles to consider for its implementation. Starting from a pre-existing flexible respite model named ANAAIS, the research team led workshops and interviews. First, the team carried out 2 workshops (TRIAGE and persona-scenario) with a total of 3 caregivers and 8 homecare professionals or managers. Second, a team member conducted interviews with 3 caregivers and 6 homecare professionals or managers. Content analysis was used on the data. The stakeholders coconstructed a Québec version of ANAAIS, a web application allowing caregivers to request an affordable respite, at the time wanted, and offered by a qualified care worker, through a simple application. Levers and barriers to its deployment are linked to the model's characteristics as well as its internal and external context. For example, relations and connexions were perceived as a lever to deployment, while the lack of resources was considered an obstacle. This living lab project showed the feasibility and pragmatism of coconstructing a flexible and applicable respite service model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Systematically evaluate the depth and quality of play recommendations provided in popular sources for parents of infants in the first year of life. Methods: This represents the second stage of a larger analysis of educational content available to parents. Two coders (>90% agreement) extracted and coded play activities from popular websites, applications, and books screened from a systematic online search. Depth of instruction variables were extracted. Activity quality was rated based on opportunities for child-initiated movement, problem-solving with objects, and responsive communication. Results: 4370 play activities from 214 sources were analyzed. Activities were likely to suggest specific ages for infants and that a caregiver be present. Less than half of the activities incorporated toys or provided guidance about how to position or physically support infants. Activity quality was low; most activities did not explicitly encourage parents to provide opportunities for child-initiated movement, problem-solving with objects, or quality communication. Conclusions: Parents may encounter a large number of play activities in popular sources, but the depth of instruction and quality of those activities could be improved. Provision of higher-quality education to parents may enhance parent-child play interactions to positively impact parent and child outcomes, especially for children at risk for delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involuntary celibates, or incels, are part of a growing online subculture. Incels are men who are unable to engage in a sexual relationship with a woman and who experience significant distress and anger as a result. In recent years, high-profile incidents of violence perpetrated by incels or those who share incel ideology have increased research attention. Incels communicate online and share several characteristics with other online extremist groups. While only a fraction of incels engage in such violence, a broader spectrum of violence should be considered, including online harassment or general violence against women. This study sought to examine how ongoing engagement on an online incel forum affects changes in incel comments in terms of expressed anger and sadness and use of incel violent extremist language. We collected comments made on an incel forum over a 3-month period. We then identified prolific users and included their comments in our analysis. To assess how their language changed, we used a text-processing program (LIWC: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) to assess the extent to which anger, sadness, and incel violent extremist language were expressed in the comments. Our findings indicated that incels express more anger in their comments than users on other platforms such as Reddit, Facebook, and Twitter. However, they did not express greater sadness. Further, we found that incels are already quite angry and sad when they join the forum, and they already use a fair amount of incel vocabulary. Initially, these aspects of their language increase, but they flatten over time. This pattern suggests that introduction to and embracing of incel ideology occurs elsewhere on the Internet, and prior to people joining an incel forum. Implications in terms of prevention of online radicalization and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the way Americans deal with death and dying. Social distancing restrictions prevented or delayed end of life services for families who lost loved ones to COVID-19. Alternatively, some took to the internet to express their grief through online memorialization. Using content analysis, this study analyzes 200 randomly selected online memorials from the COVID Memorial website, a website created to share the stories of those lost to COVID-19 on social media. Our findings offer insight into memorial author demographics, how memorial authors framed and understood death due to COVID-19, and the COVID-19 pandemic through online memorialization. Two major themes emerged during data analysis, "references to COVID-19 death" and "COVID-specific directives to readers." The former, details how memorial authors framed and understood the death of a loved one to COVID-19. The latter details "advice" or "directives" authors gave to readers about social distancing guidelines and other guidelines meant to prevent the spread of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital therapeutics (DTx) have attracted attention as the substitutes or add-ons to conventional pharmacotherapy and the number of DTx products authorized with the regulatory reviews of the clinical evidence is increasing. Insomnia is one of the major targets of the DTx due to the benefit from cognitive behavioral interventions and several products have been launched in the market with regulatory reviews. However, common features of the products and the clinical evidence required by each regulatory agency have not been investigated. Methods: In this study, we identified the DTx products with the primary indication of insomnia authorized with regulatory reviews of clinical evidence by literature and website searches, and investigated the common features of the products and of the study designs for the pivotal clinical trials. Results: The total of 6 DTx products were identified. The components of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) were identified as common features of the products. All the pivotal clinical trials were randomized, parallel-group, blind studies against insomnia patients. No products have been authorized in multiple countries regardless of the similarity of the features of the products and of the study designs for the pivotal clinical trials. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the components of CBT-I and gold standard design in pivotal clinical trials were adopted in all the DTx products for insomnia authorized with reviews of clinical evidence. At the same time, our findings suggest the needs of internationally harmonized regulatory review and authorization system to facilitate the early patient access to the promising DTx products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-regional clinical trials, planning the sample size for participating regions is essential for the evaluation of the treatment effect consistency across regions. Based on the MRCT design and sample size allocation to regions, consistency probability is usually used to predict the consistent trend between regions and the overall population, while preserving a certain proportion of the overall treatment effect. Specific enrollment characteristics in a region of interest should also be considered during the time of the sample size planning. To facilitate efficient and harmonized regional sample size planning, we have developed RegionSizeR, a comprehensive and user-friendly interactive web-based R shiny application that can be obtained from https://github.com/rsr-ss/RegionSizeR. This simulation-based app can serve as an initial point for discussions on sample size allocation plans, following preservation of treatment effect method in ICH E17. The app accommodates various types of endpoints and designs, including continuous, binary, and time-to-event endpoints, for superiority, non-inferiority, and MCP-Mod designs. To ensure the validity of this app, independent testing is conducted allowing a discrepancy of no more than 1% across all results considering various scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the United States (US), the quality of care provided to children during emergencies is highly variable. Following implementation of the National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP), inclusive of two national online assessments of Emergency Departments (EDs), national organizations involved in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems convened to launch the Prehospital Pediatric Readiness Project (PPRP). The PPRP seeks to ensure high‐quality pediatric prehospital emergency care for all children. One of the first priorities of PPRP is to assess the current level of pediatric readiness in EMS systems. The development of the first comprehensive national assessment of pediatric readiness in EMS systems is described. Methods: The 2020 joint policy statement, "Pediatric Readiness in Emergency Medical Services Systems" and the associated prehospital pediatric readiness checklist served as the foundation for the PPRP assessment. Assessment questions and scoring algorithm were developed using a modified Delphi process. The PPRP Assessment was converted into an online format comprising a website (EMSpedsReady.org), the online assessment, a personalized gap report, and non‐public Tableau data‐monitoring dashboards. A directory of all eligible EMS agencies in the United Staters was created to track participation. A diverse cohort of 15 EMS agencies piloted of the assessment questions and the online version of the assessment. Feedback from the pilot was integrated. Conclusion: The inaugural PPRP Assessment was open access May through July 2024, and the results will be used to guide future PPRP efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modern forestry increasingly relies on the management of large datasets, such as forest inventories and land cover maps. Governments are typically in charge of publishing these datasets, but they typically employ disparate data formats (sometimes proprietary ones) and published datasets are commonly disconnected fromother sources, including previous versions of such datasets. As a result, the usage of forestry data is very challenging, especially if we need to combine multiple datasets. Methods and results: Semantic Web technologies, standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), have emerged in the last decades as a solution to publish heterogeneous data in an interoperable way. They enable the publication of self-describing data that can easily interlink with other sources. The concepts and relationships between them are described using ontologies, and the data can be published as Linked Data on the Web, which can be downloaded or queried online. National and international agencies promote the publication of governmental data as Linked Open Data, and research fields such as biosciences or cultural heritage make an extensive use of SemanticWeb technologies. In this study, we present the result of the European Cross-Forest project, addressing the integration and publication of national forest inventories and land cover maps from Spain and Portugal using Semantic Web technologies. We used a bottom-up methodology to design the ontologies, with the goal of being generalizable to other countries and forestry datasets. First, we created an ontology for each dataset to describe the concepts (plots, trees, positions, measures, and so on) and relationships between the data in detail. We converted the source data into Linked Open Data by using the ontology to annotate the data such as species taxonomies. As a result, all the datasets are integrated into one place this is the Cross-Forest dataset and are available for querying and analysis through a SPARQL endpoint. These data have been used in real-world use cases such as (1) providing a graphical representation of all the data, (2) combining it with spatial planning data to reveal the forestry resources under themanagement of Spanish municipalities, and (3) facilitating data selection and ingestion to predict the evolution of forest inventories and simulate how different actions and conditions impact this evolution. Discussion: The work started in the Cross-Forest project continues in current lines of research, including the addition of the temporal dimension to the data, aligning the ontologies and data with additional well-known vocabularies and datasets, and incorporating additional forestry resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe where clinical information is contemporarily and commonly found in UK primary care, what is favoured by clinicians, and whether this is (1) publicly funded (2) has commercial potential conflicts of interest. Design and setting: A mixed methods study, consisting of (1) site visits to general practices in Scotland, (2) online questionnaire, focused on UK general practice (3) analysis of materials cited by professionals. Methods: Data about sources of clinical information used was obtained verbally, visually and via search histories on computers from visits. This was used to inform a questionnaire in which primary care clinicians in the four nations of the UK were invited to participate. This obtained data about the information sources used and preferred by clinicians. This information was searched for data about funding and conflicts of interest. Results: Over 2022, four practices were visited. 337 clinicians, 280 of whom were general practitioners completed an online questionnaire. 136 different resources were identified. These were mainly websites but sources of information included colleagues, either in practice or through online networks, apps, local guidelines, health charities, and learning resources aimed at GPs. Of these, 70 were not publicly funded, and were a mixture of membership organisations, charities, or sponsored venues. Conclusions: Primary care clinicians obtain information for themselves and patients from a wide variety of sources. Funding is from a variety of sources and some contain advertising and/or sponsorship, risking commercial bias. Protocol: Pre-published at https://osf.io/wrzqk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fertility centre websites are a key sources of information on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for both infertile people and the general public. As part of a global fertility market, they are also a window to attract potential future patients. They give formal and practical information but in the way the information is displayed, they also convey social representations, and in particular, gender representation in its intersectional dimension. The objective is to analyse the sex, class and race representations regarding reproduction and parenthood that are embedded in the content of fertility centre websites in eight European countries. Methods: The 5 most visible fertility centres that appeared in the first places on Internet search were selected for each country under study, except for one country which has only three fertility centres. In total, 38 fertility centre websites were considered for a thematic analysis using an iterative approach and a comprehensive perspective. Results: Each centre details its services and techniques according to the legal provisions in force in its country. However, on all the websites studied, the fertility centres demonstrate a strong gendered representation. The logos generally depict women or parts of their bodies, as do the photos, which mainly show white women with light eyes. The description of the causes of infertility and the techniques offered by the centres also highlights gender differences. Sperm donation, where MAR is reserved for heterosexual couples, is included among the techniques for women with the comment that it will enable them to fulfil their dream of becoming mothers. Conclusions: MAR, and through it the project of having a child and procreative work, is presented as a matter for white, cisgender and heterosexual women, thus fueling stratified reproduction and limiting reproductive justice. The research team formulated guidelines for fertility centres to encourage them to adopt a more inclusive approach in terms of sex, social class and race, so that the diversity of infertile people feel involved and welcome in these centres, to avoid misperceptions about infertility in the general population and to reinforce autonomy and justice in reproductive matters. Plain English summary: Fertility centre websites are a key sources of information on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) for both people undergoing MAR and the general public. As part of a global fertility market, they may also be a window to attract potential future patients. In this context, they convey formal and practical information but also, through their content, narratives and visuals, social representations. The objective is here to analyse the gender representations of reproduction and parenthood that the 38 European fertility centres under study convey through the texts and images they display on their websites. Each centre details its services and techniques according to the social and legal provisions in force in its country. However, on all the websites studied, the fertility centres demonstrate a strong gendered representation, including in terms of social class and race. MAR, and through it the project of having a child and procreative work, is presented as a matter for white, cisgender and heterosexual women, thus fueling stratified reproduction and limiting reproductive justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual assistants allow users to interact with apps using a conversational mode. A particular kind of device supporting virtual assistants is the smart speaker, which allows end users to access contents and services, perform searches and command smart environments via voice interaction. These devices are gaining relevance among users, and the number of apps available for giving them more conversational capabilities grows constantly. However, there is a gap between what can be achieved using these devices and the information available on the web, i.e. most web apps don't have one smart speaker app counterpart. In this work, we present a two-step approach to defining conversational interfaces for virtual assistants based on existing web sites. During the first step, the user creates web content blocks, which describe target contents and the strategy for retrieving them. In the second step, the user uses web content blocks to specify the conversational interface. Although the approach could be considered generic enough for any kind of conversational interface, we focus our research on voice user interfaces, considering smart speaker apps as a major target. With our approach, apps based on voice user interfaces for smart speakers may be developed in a no-code manner. We describe and illustrate the approach by presenting usage examples and an evaluation using the Alexa service and an Amazon Echo device. The evaluation shows promising results for two case studies where there is no significant difference between the user experience when comparing solutions developed using the Alexa SDK versus apps using our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the historical contribution of the German Informatics Society (GI) to the establishment of computer education in German schools. It highlights the role of societal interests, international developments, public and professional debates, and technological change in the GI’s educational policy recommendations. The historical source base consists of conference proceedings, position papers and other publications by key actors within and outside the GI. Methodologically, the article refers to the concept of strategic fields of action. The article shows how the GI’s understanding of computer science played an important role in its initial policy recommendations. With increasing computerisation and then the World Wide Web, the GI had to adapt its recommendations to the now more complex situation in Germany and the polyphonic debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudo human settlements in the information age is an important part of human settlements geography, which has a comprehensive and profound impact on urban production, life and ecology in China and even the world, but the existing research on pseudo human settlements is still unclear, and cannot meet the requirements of China's "digital-realistic fusion", "network power" and the construction of a beautiful China. Therefore, this paper starts from the perspective of pseudo, based on the theory of the coupling system of human settlements, and applies the entropy weight method, coupling coordination model, geodetector and other methods and spatial technologies to deeply analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the pseudo human settlements and the driving mechanism of the 14 cities in Liaoning Province from 2011 to 2020. The results show that: 1) Liaoning Province's pseudo human settlements in the time evolution of the overall quality of the main theme of the rise, with the "Internet festival" node effect and significant stage. 2) The spatial distribution is characterized by the geographical layout of "1"-type high-quality development centers and concentric-circle spatial distribution; and the trend surface shows a low uniformity pattern of "high in the south-central part and low in the surrounding area". 3) The degree of system coupling and the degree of coupling coordination both show a fluctuating upward trend, with the spatial heterogeneity characteristic of "high in the central part and low in the surrounding area". 4) Tool system has become the emerging driving force, communication and social chat has become the basic driving force, and life service is the invisible driving force; communication class and community class are the important leading driving factors. The study aims to enrich the research system of human settlements, promote the development of the discipline of human settlements geography, provide a new basis for the construction of human settlements in the new era, and respond to the demand for decision-making in the strategy of network power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-based population interventions rely on intervention testing (efficacy and effectiveness trials) to determine what works to improve public health. We investigated the characteristics of real-world public health interventions to address obesity and explored the extent to which research testing was undertaken prior to scale-up. We identified 90 population health interventions targeting physical activity, nutrition or obesity-related health behaviours and collected publicly available information on their key characteristics and outcomes. We then assessed the differences between interventions that followed a research pathway and those that did not. Two-thirds (n  = 60) of the interventions were reported as having followed a research pathway. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that these interventions were more likely to be health education interventions [odds ratio (OR): 5.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–22.38], developed by research institutes (OR: 12.81; 95% CI: 3.47–47.34), delivered in North America (OR: 4.13; 95% CI: 1.61–10.62), and less likely to be owned (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14–0.88) or funded by government organizations (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14–0.95). Interventions that followed a research pathway were nearly three times more likely to have a positive impact on population health (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.04–7.14). Interventions that followed a research pathway to scale-up were no more likely to be sustained longer than those that did not. Differences exist across real-world interventions between those that follow a research pathway to population-scale delivery and those that do not, regarding organizational and environmental context. A key benefit of research pathway to scale-up is the impact it has on health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the challenges faced by a patient education committee in reviewing narrated presentations about living donor kidney and liver transplants, particularly concerning the complexity of the material. Topics include the committee's efforts to simplify complex medical content for better patient understanding, the importance of maintaining a sixth-grade reading level in patient education materials, and the potential use of digital storytelling to enhance patient learning.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Learning Resources Database provides access to more than 500 educational resources on NLM products and services, including videos, webinars, and tutorials. The database includes resources designed primarily for librarians, health educators, researchers, and clinicians, for finding biomedical literature, research data, chemical, and genetic information. You can search by keyword, subject, language, and audience, and access materials directly or download them for reuse. Resources are reviewed at least annually, and mos.t materials are in the public domain. Features of the site include interactive search options, topic guides, and upcoming training events. NLM also offers API access for integrating resources into other websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy eating (HE) and pro-eating disorder (pro-ED) websites are popular sources of dietary and weight loss information, social support, and lifestyle inspiration. However, the discursive styles and language used by authors/moderators and users of these two site genres have not been widely studied or compared. Forty-three HE websites and twenty-four pro-ED websites were analysed using Fairclough's model of critical discourse analysis. Findings indicate that sites share common characteristics in terms of power relations played out by authors, 'successful' dieters, and those attending these sites. These power plays encourage moral and spiritual commitment to the care of one's body, with authoritative language used to support readers' loyalty and adherence to dietary plans. On HE sites, medicinal properties were attributed to 'clean' or 'pure' foods, whereas pro-ED sites conveyed their importance for weight reduction. Healthy eating sites were largely entrepreneurial, promoting products or themselves. Pro-eating disorder sites typically featured discussions of bodily disgust, the chastisement of others, and self-discipline in the name of 'Ana', such that dieting came to be framed as part of a devotional, often punitive, body project. On both sites, morality discourses were gendered around the thin female body and the 'ideal mother', with occasional praise for muscular male bodies. Our findings indicate how transitioning from healthy eating preoccupations to eating disorders may be facilitated by normalising discussions about restrictive dieting and the shaming of bodies, overseen by self-appointed diet 'experts' and 'buddies' online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The public are an important source of notifications and evidence for the investigation of concerns by regulators of professionals. The website is an important source of information for the public, but the complexity of information presented to engage with the public is unknown. Objectives: This study explored the readability of information provided for the public to engage with fitness to practise processes by examining the websites of the 13 UK statutory health and social care professional regulators. Methods: Six readability algorithms were utilised to calculate the readability scores of 180 general and 8 easy‐read documents published for the 15 sites of the United Kingdom's 13 health and social care statutory professional regulatory bodies. These tests were the Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease, the Flesch Kincaid Grade Level, the Gunning Fog Score, the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, the Coleman Liau Index and the Automated Readability Index (ARI). Results: All the fitness to practise documents analysed in this study are written at a level too difficult for most of the general population to read, except one easy‐read document. There was also considerable variation in readability across resources for the same regulator, which could be confusing. Regulatory bodies risk excluding a large proportion of UK adults who may want to engage with professional regulatory proceedings. Conclusions: This is the first comparative analysis of readability conducted independent of the regulators of the fitness to practise website documents of health and social care regulators. The public are a key source of evidence in regulatory proceedings. Regulators could improve public engagement by addressing the complexity of language used. Public Contribution: Our advisory group of people with lived experience of involvement as members of the public in fitness to practise proceedings discussed the findings and contributed to the recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy protection has become a central issue in information science, with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) significantly impacting information ecosystems. Research gaps persist in understanding the causal relationship between GDPR implementation and websites' proactive changes, such as adopting privacy compliance technologies. This study aims to examine the influence of GDPR implementation on websites' information ecosystems and identify boundary conditions that may affect this relationship. Utilizing domain‐level data from a professional platform tracking website technologies before and after GDPR implementation, which encompasses a comprehensive longitudinal dataset of over 1.2 million websites, our results indicate that GDPR implementation has increased the decision, breadth, depth, and intensity of adopting related technologies. The variance in these adoptions is significantly shaped by the differing levels of institutional impacts experienced by trailblazing versus laggard industries. Our study contributes to the literature by revealing the importance of policy factors in fostering a healthier information ecosystem. We demonstrate the complex nature of the relationship between policy factors and technology adoption, highlighting the need for researchers to consider institutional context and industry‐specific characteristics. We further discuss valuable insights for relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of skillfully adopting a multicultural orientation (MCO) in psychotherapy has been increasingly recognized. Deliberate practice methods may be helpful in developing this capacity, but limited opportunities for practice and feedback exist. The present study provided an initial test of the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a self-guided, web-based deliberate practice tool designed to support the development of therapists' MCO: MCO Deliberate Practice Online (MCO-O). This tool included brief didactic instructions along with opportunities to practice responding to video vignettes of actors portraying clients discussing cultural topics in psychotherapy. A sample of therapists and trainees (n = 287) visited the MCO-O website and consented to the study. Recruitment through emails to listservs and a webinar was highly feasible. Quantitative ratings of usability were modest. Quantitative metrics of acceptability were also modest, with a minority of participants (18.8%) visiting the MCO-O website more than once and 51.2% of participants viewing two or more of the video vignettes. Younger participants found the MCO-O website more usable, and having MCO-O assigned was associated with watching more videos, when controlling for participant demographics. Qualitative themes included a mixture of positive feedback along with critiques and confusion regarding the MCO-O website. Taken together, results highlight the potential of this approach along with important limitations. Ultimately, it may prove difficult for therapists and trainees to engage in self-guided MCO training, particularly if using software tools that have not undergone extensive (and potentially resource intensive) user experience testing and development. Public Significance Statement: This study suggests that recruitment of therapists and trainees is feasible for use of a web-based tool for deliberate practice of multicultural orientation skills in psychotherapy. Additionally, it highlights that user experience testing and development of the software may be critical to increase usability and acceptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: (I) To identify the opinion and practices of nursing professionals regarding the presence of family members during invasive procedures in hospitalised children; (II) to determine the knowledge of nursing professionals about the patient‐and family‐centred care model. Background: Family presence in invasive procedures benefits the patient and their relatives, but varied attitudes exist among healthcare personnel, with some being favourable and others unfavourable toward family presence. Design: Observational, descriptive, cross‐sectional study. Methods: Study population: Nurses from paediatric critical care services, emergency services, hospital wards, day hospitals and outpatient clinics at a Catalan tertiary hospital who participated voluntarily between September 2021 and July 2022. Data collection instrument: A questionnaire prepared by the researchers, based on the literature and reviewed by experts. REDCap link with access to the questionnaire was sent out to potential respondents through the institutional email. Bivariate analysis was performed with the R 4.2 program. The study was approved by the hospital's Clinical Research Committee and participants gave informed consent before responding to the questionnaire. Results: A total of 172 nurses participated, and 155 valid responses were obtained. All respondents consider the family as a key element in paediatric care and report inviting family members to participate in the care given to their child. However, 12.0% of nurses do not invite the family to be present in invasive procedures. Almost all respondents note the need for training to acquire communication skills and improve the management of emotions. Conclusions: The results show a favourable opinion towards the presence of family members and highlight the need to train nurses to develop communication skills. Relevance to clinical practice: The data provided can favour the design of measures to improve and promote the presence of parents during invasive procedures, reinforcing the patient‐and family‐centred care model and improving the quality of care provided. One example is the creation of family care protocols where the inclusion of parents and the roles of each individual involved in the care process appears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a prototype of a decision aid to be used on a website for adults with hearing loss. Design: Development was guided by the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) and included a survey and think-aloud process. Study sample: A total of 153 participants completed a survey about what to include in the decision aid (111 adults with hearing loss, 21 family members of adults with hearing loss, and 21 professionals). Six adults with hearing loss and six family members participated in a think-aloud process to provide feedback as they used an initial version of the decision aid. Results: In the survey, 26 of the 38 potential items were identified as being highest priority and were included in the initial version of the decision aid. This initial version was then tested in the think-aloud sessions and a prototype of a web-based version was developed based on participant responses related to: 1) information on the decision aid, 2) ease of use, 3) layout and orders of the items, 4) satisfaction, 5) areas for improvement (e.g., need for graphics). Conclusions: The methodologies used in this study are recommended for developing decision aids for adults with acquired hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global expansion of the Internet and the World Wide Web, users are becoming increasingly diverse, including their language proficiencies. In particular, there is now a significant number of polyglot Web users, i.e., users who are proficient in more than one language. However, even such users with potential access to a broad range of information from multiple languages often continue to suffer from unbalanced and fragmented news information, as traditional news access systems seldom allow users to simultaneously search for and/or compare news in different languages. To overcome language barriers, the majority of research has focused primarily on improving retrieval and translation accuracy, while paying comparably less attention to multilingual user interaction aspects. In particular, relatively little human-centered research has been conducted to better understand and support multilingual user abilities and preferences, and even less so regarding news search and different access modalities (such as desktop and mobile interfaces). The research presented in this article provides the first comparative analyses of polyglot users' preferences and behaviors with respect to different multilingual news search interfaces on both desktop and mobile platforms. Specifically, through a set of task-based user studies in laboratory experiments, the key contribution of this article is the presentation of the first human-centered studies in multilingual news search result interfaces, aiming to drive the development of human-centered multilingual news access systems for both desktop and mobile platforms. This contribution includes a detailed analysis of different interface design paradigms, as well as a series of implications for design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directed networks appear in an expanding array of applications, for example, the world wide web, social networks, transaction networks, and citation networks. A critical task in analyzing directed networks is clustering, where the goal is partitioning the network's nodes based on their similarities while accounting for the direction of relationships between nodes. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and its variations have been used to cluster the nodes in directed networks by approximating their adjacency matrices efficaciously. The differences between the corresponding entries of the actual and approximate adjacency matrices are considered as errors, which are assumed to follow Gaussian distributions. However, these errors could deviate from Gaussian distributions in various real-world networks. In this work, we propose a robust asymmetric non-negative matrix factorization method to cluster the nodes in directed networks. Recognizing that the errors do not follow Gaussian distributions in real-world networks, the proposed method assumes that the errors follow a Cauchy distribution, which resembles the Gaussian distribution but has heavier tails. Experiments using real-world as well as artificial networks show that the proposed method outperforms existing NMF methods and other representative work in clustering in various settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To survey the World Wide Web for critical limits/critical values, assess changes in quantitative low/high thresholds since 1990–93, streamline urgent notification practices, and promote global accessibility. We identified Web-posted lists of critical limits/values at university hospitals. We compared 2023 to 1990–93 archived notification thresholds. We found critical notification lists for 26 university hospitals. Laboratory disciplines ranged widely (1–10). The median number of tests was 62 (range 21–116); several posted policies. The breadth of listings increased. Statistically significant differences in 2023 vs. 1990 critical limits were observed for blood gas (pO2, pCO2), chemistry (glucose, calcium, magnesium), and hematology (hemoglobin, platelets, PTT, WBC) tests, and for newborn glucose, potassium, pO2, and hematocrit. Twenty hospitals listed ionized calcium critical limits, which have not changed. Fourteen listed troponin (6), troponin I (3), hs-TnI (3), or troponin T (2). Qualitative critical values expanded across disciplines, encompassing anatomic/surgical pathology. Bioterrorism agents were listed frequently, as were contagious pathogens, although only three hospitals listed COVID-19. Only one notification list detailed point-of-care tests. Two children's hospital lists were Web-accessible. Urgent notifications should focus on life-threatening conditions. We recommend that hospital staff evaluate changes over the past three decades for clinical impact. Notification lists expanded, especially qualitative tests, suggesting that automation might improve efficiency. Sharing notification lists and policies on the Web will improve accessibility. If not dependent on the limited scope of secondary sources, artificial intelligence could enhance knowledge of urgent notification and critical care practices in the 21st Century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the World Summit on the Information Society and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, states translated the global vision of digital inclusion into local policies at the national and regional levels. This article examines how state agencies in China, a technologically advanced country with a large disabled population, have leveraged the agenda of web accessibility over the course of the last two decades. By carrying out an analysis of 93 national policies and 21 technical guidelines issued between 2001 and 2021, this article critically examines how and why the Chinese state's embrace of the term 'barrier-free information' (信息无障碍) does not result in a coherent policy paradigm but might instead engender new barriers which in fact have the potential to disorient disabled people. Points of interests: Using the case of contemporary China, this article illustrates the problems of implementing the United Nations' Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in a particular national context. We provide an overview of the Chinese state's use of the term 'barrier-free information' (信息无障碍) as used in 114 national policies. While 'barrier-free information' has become a new buzzword in China, we show that its legal definitions are unclear, and its related policies are often in conflict with each other. We argue that more research is needed to understand the negative effects of incoherent accessibility policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the lack of information regarding clinical ethics consultation services on hospital websites, highlighting the need for greater visibility and accessibility. Topics discussed include the essential components that should be included on ethics consultation webpages, the importance of clear communication for patients and families, and the role of ethics services in promoting transparency and patient-centered decision-making.