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1. Cost-effectiveness of two online interventions supporting self-care for eczema for parents/carers and young people

Author

Sach, Tracey H., Onoja, Mary, Clarke, Holly, Santer, Miriam, Muller, Ingrid, Becque, Taeko, Stuart, Beth, Hooper, Julie, Steele, Mary, Wilczynska, Sylvia, Ridd, Matthew J., Roberts, Amanda, Ahmed, Amina, Yardley, Lucy, Little, Paul, Greenwell, Kate, Sivyer, Katy, Nuttall, Jacqui, Griffiths, Gareth, Lawton, Sandra, Langan, Sinéad M., Howells, Laura, Leighton, Paul, Williams, Hywel C., and Thomas, Kim S.

Published
2024
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2. Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial

Author

Pande, Ira, Tang, Ting Seng, Tran, Gui, Layton, Alison, Price, Elizabeth, Whittam, Lindsay, Venkatachalam, Srinivasan, Huws, Gwenan, Pratt, Arthur, Reynolds, Nick J, Youngstein, Taryn, Walsh, David A, Joseph, Theresa, Mathew, Rengi, Oikonomou, Stamatios, Gwynne, Catherine, Crowder, Rory, Saravanan, Vadivelu, Mustafa, Alaa, Tacu, Cristina, George, Emmanuel, Batty, Thomas, Soni, Anushka, Horton, Sarah, Gaffney, Karl, Gullick, Nicola, Lapin, Agnieszka, Bingham, Sarah, Madan, Ayesha, Holroyd, Chris, Lwin, May, Khalid, Salema, Green, Mike, Hunt, Laura, Alcorn, Nicola, Ellis, Rob, Hider, Samantha, Hassan, Ala, Douglas, Karen, Ho, Gen Nen, Levasseur, Kirsty, Pradeep, John, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, Jones, Catrin, Abhishek, Abhishek, Peckham, Nicholas, Pade, Corinna, Gibbons, Joseph M, Cureton, Lucy, Francis, Anne, Barber, Vicki, Williams, Jennifer A E, Appelbe, Duncan, Eldridge, Lucy, Julier, Patrick, Altmann, Daniel M, Bluett, James, Brooks, Tim, Coates, Laura C, Rombach, Ines, Semper, Amanda, Otter, Ashley, Valdes, Ana M, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Williams, Hywel C, Boyton, Rosemary J, McKnight, Áine, and Cook, Jonathan A

Published
2024
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3. Patterns of Atopic Eczema Disease Activity From Birth Through Midlife in 2 British Birth Cohorts

Author

Abuabara, Katrina, Ye, Morgan, Margolis, David J, McCulloch, Charles E, Mulick, Amy R, Silverwood, Richard J, Sullivan, Alice, Williams, Hywel C, and Langan, Sinéad M

Subjects
Clinical Research, Genetics, Prevention, Pediatric, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Asthma, Birth Cohort, Cohort Studies, Dermatitis, Atopic, Eczema, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis
Abstract

ImportanceAtopic eczema is characterized by a heterogenous waxing and waning course, with variable age of onset and persistence of symptoms. Distinct patterns of disease activity such as early-onset/resolving and persistent disease have been identified throughout childhood; little is known about patterns into adulthood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify subtypes of atopic eczema based on patterns of disease activity through mid-adulthood, to examine whether early life risk factors and participant characteristics are associated with these subtypes, and to determine whether subtypes are associated with other atopic diseases and general health in mid-adulthood.Design, setting, and participantsThis study evaluated members of 2 population-based birth cohorts, the 1958 National Childhood Development Study (NCDS) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Participant data were collected over the period between 1958 and 2016. Data were analyzed over the period between 2018 and 2020.Main outcomes and measuresSubtypes of atopic eczema were identified based on self-reported atopic eczema period prevalence at multiple occasions. These subtypes were the outcome in models of early life characteristics and an exposure variable in models of midlife health.ResultsLatent class analysis identified 4 subtypes of atopic eczema with distinct patterns of disease activity among 15 939 individuals from the NCDS (51.4% male, 75.4% White) and 14 966 individuals from the BCS70 (51.6% male, 78.8% White): rare/no (88% to 91%), decreasing (4%), increasing (2% to 6%), and persistently high (2% to 3%) probability of reporting prevalent atopic eczema with age. Sex at birth and early life factors, including social class, region of residence, tobacco smoke exposure, and breastfeeding, predicted differences between the 3 atopic eczema subtypes and the infrequent/no atopic eczema group, but only female sex differentiated the high and decreasing probability subtypes (odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.66-2.38). Individuals in the high subtype were most likely to experience asthma and rhinitis, and those in the increasing subtype were at higher risk of poor self-reported general (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.53) and mental (OR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23-1.72) health in midlife.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that extending the window of observation beyond childhood may reveal clear subtypes of atopic eczema based on patterns of disease activity. A newly identified subtype with increasing probability of activity in adulthood warrants additional attention given observed associations with poor self-reported health in midlife.

Published
2021

6. Enhanced early skin treatment for atopic dermatitis in infants reduces food allergy

Author

Morita, Kumiko, Inoue, Eisuke, Fukuie, Tatsuki, Kabashima, Shigenori, Inuzuka, Yusuke, Nishimura, Koji, Toyokuni, Kenji, Ogita, Hiroya, Kiguchi, Tomoyuki, Yoshida, Kazue, Saito, Jumpei, Hosoi, Hajime, Katoh, Norito, Morimoto, Mariko, Masuda, Koji, Kameda, Makoto, Shigekawa, Amane, Yamasaki, Koji, Nagai, Megumi, Ebisawa, Motohiro, Asaumi, Tomoyuki, Itonaga, Takaaki, Hasegawa, Shunji, Yasudo, Hiroki, Nagao, Mizuho, Fujisawa, Takao, Yasuoka, Ryuhei, Fujiyama, Toshiharu, Shimojo, Naoki, Nakano, Taiji, Kondo, Yasuto, Mori, Yuji, Kawaguchi, Takahiro, Futamura, Masaki, Sugiura, Kazumitsu, Nagai, Akiyo, Kaburagi, Sachiko, Kitazawa, Hiroshi, Kido, Hiroshi, Nakayama, Shoji F., Yamamoto-Hanada, Kiwako, Kobayashi, Tohru, Mikami, Masashi, Williams, Hywel C., Saito, Hirohisa, Saito-Abe, Mayako, Sato, Miori, Irahara, Makoto, Miyaji, Yumiko, Ishikawa, Fumi, Tsuchiya, Kunihiko, Tamagawa-Mineoka, Risa, Takaoka, Yuri, Takemura, Yutaka, Sato, Sakura, Wakiguchi, Hiroyuki, Hoshi, Miyuki, Natsume, Osamu, Yamaide, Fumiya, Seike, Miwako, and Ohya, Yukihiro

Published
2023
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7. Diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy for surgical margin assessment during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma

Author

Boitor, Radu A, primary, Varma, Sandeep, additional, Sharma, Ashish, additional, Odedra, Sunita, additional, Elsheikh, Somaia, additional, Eldib, Karim, additional, Patel, Anand, additional, Koloydenko, Alexey, additional, Gran, Sonia, additional, De Winne, Koen, additional, Koljenovic, Senada, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, and Notingher, Ioan, additional

Published
2024
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8. Clinical onset of atopic eczema: Results from 2 nationally representative British birth cohorts followed through midlife.

Author

Abuabara, Katrina, Ye, Morgan, McCulloch, Charles E, Sullivan, Alice, Margolis, David J, Strachan, David P, Paternoster, Lavinia, Yew, Yik Weng, Williams, Hywel C, and Langan, Sinéad M

Subjects
Humans, Dermatitis, Atopic, Cohort Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Infant, Newborn, England, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Filaggrin Proteins, Atopic eczema, atopic dermatitis, epidemiology, natural history, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Prevention, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Skin, Immunology, Allergy
Abstract

BackgroundAtopic eczema onset is described primarily in early childhood, and the frequency and characteristics of adult-onset disease remain controversial.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the proportion of subjects who report atopic eczema symptoms between birth and midadulthood and to examine demographic, immunologic, and genetic factors associated with period of symptom onset.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal study using data from 2 nationally representative community-based birth cohorts from the United Kingdom: the British Cohort Studies 1958 and 1970. Subjects were followed from birth through age 42 to 50 years. The primary outcome was the age period of self-reported atopic eczema symptom onset based on repeated measures of self-reported atopic eczema at each survey wave.ResultsThe annual period prevalence of atopic eczema ranged from 5% to 15% in 2 cohorts of more than 17,000 participants each followed from birth through middle age. There was no clear trend in prevalence by age, and among adults reporting active atopic eczema during a given year, only 38% had symptom onset reported in childhood. When compared with subjects whose eczema started in childhood, those with adult-onset disease were more likely to be women, from Scotland or Northern England, of lower childhood socioeconomic group, smokers in adulthood, and less likely to have a history of asthma. In a subanalysis using data from the 1958 cohort only, genetic mutations previously associated with atopic eczema, including filaggrin-null mutations, and allergen-specific IgE were more common among those with childhood-onset disease.ConclusionRates of self-reported atopic eczema remain high after childhood, and adult-onset atopic eczema has different risk factor associations than childhood-onset eczema.

Published
2019

10. Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment versus continued treatment on COVID-19 booster vaccine immunity in adults with inflammatory conditions (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial

Author

Pande, Ira, Seng Tang, Ting, Tran, Gui, Layton, Alison, Price, Elizabeth, Whittam, Lindsay, Venkatachalam, Srinivasan, Hawarden, Ashley, Huws, Gwenan, Pratt, Arthur, Reynolds, Nick J, Walsh, David, Joseph, Theresa, Mathew, Rengi, Oikonomou, Stamatios, Gwynne, Catherine, Crowder, Rory, Saravanan, Vadivelu, Mustafa, Alaa, Tacu, Cristina, Batty, Thomas, George, Emmanuel, Soni, Anushka, Horton, Sarah, Madan, Ayesha, Gaffney, Karl, Lapin, Agnieszka, Bingham, Sarah, Levell, Nick, Lim, Edwin, Gullick, Nicola, Holroyd, Chris, Khalid, Salema, Lwin, May, Green, Mike, Hunt, Laura, Alcorn, Nicola, Ellis, Rob, Hider, Samantha, Hassan, Alaa, Youngstein, Taryn, Douglas, Karen, Ho, Gen Nen, Levasseur, Kirsty, Treacy, Sara, Cheila, Myrto, Pradeep, John, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, Jones, Catrin, Abhishek, Abhishek, Boyton, Rosemary J, Peckham, Nicholas, McKnight, Áine, Coates, Laura C, Bluett, James, Barber, Vicki, Cureton, Lucy, Francis, Anne, Appelbe, Duncan, Eldridge, Lucy, Julier, Patrick, Valdes, Ana M, Brooks, Tim, Rombach, Ines, Altmann, Daniel M, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Williams, Hywel C, and Cook, Jonathan A

Published
2022
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11. Diagnostic accuracy of autofluorescence-Raman microspectroscopy for surgical margin assessment during Mohs micrographic surgery of basal cell carcinoma.

Author

Boitor, Radu A, Varma, Sandeep, Sharma, Ashish, Odedra, Sunita, Elsheikh, Somaia, Eldib, Karim, Patel, Anand, Koloydenko, Alexey, Gran, Sonia, Winne, Koen De, Koljenovic, Senada, Williams, Hywel C, and Notingher, Ioan

Subjects
MOHS surgery, BASAL cell carcinoma, SURGICAL margin, TISSUE fixation (Histology), SURGICAL diagnosis
Abstract

Background Autofluorescence (AF)–Raman microspectroscopy is a technology that can detect residual basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the resection margin of fresh, surgically excised tissue specimens. The technology does not require tissue fixation, staining, labelling or sectioning, and provides quantitative diagnosis maps of the surgical margins in 30 min. Objectives To determine the accuracy of the AF–Raman instrument in detecting incomplete BCC excisions during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), using histology as the reference standard. Methods Skin layers from 130 patients undergoing MMS at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (September 2022–July 2023) were investigated with the AF–Raman instrument. The layers were measured when fresh, immediately after excision. The AF–Raman results and the intraoperative assessment by Mohs surgeons were compared with a postoperative consensus-derived reference produced by three dermatopathologists. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03482622). Results AF–Raman analysis was successfully completed for 125 of 130 layers and, on average, covered 91% of the specimen surface area, with the lowest surface area covered being 87% for the eyelid and the highest being 94% for forehead specimens. The AF–Raman instrument identified positive margins in 24 of 36 BCC-positive cases [67% sensitivity, 95% confidence interval (CI) 49–82] and negative margins in 65 of 89 BCC-negative cases (73% specificity, 95% CI 63–82). Only one of 12 false-negative cases was caused by misclassification by the AF–Raman algorithm. The other 11 false-negatives cases were a result of no valid Raman signal being recorded at the location of the residual BCC due to either occlusion by blood or poor contact between tissue and the cassette window. The intraoperative diagnosis by Mohs surgeons identified positive margins in 31 of 36 BCC-positive cases (86% sensitivity, 95% CI 70–95) and negative margins in 79 of 89 BCC-negative cases (89% specificity, 95% CI 81–95). Conclusions The AF–Raman instrument has the potential to provide intraoperative microscopic assessment of surgical margins in BCC surgery. Further improvements are required for tissue processing, to ensure complete coverage of the surgical specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Classifying atopic dermatitis: protocol for a systematic review of subtypes (phenotypes) and associated characteristics.

Author

Mulick, Amy R, Allen, Victoria, Williams, Hywel C, Grindlay, Douglas JC, Pearce, Neil, Abuabara, Katrina, and Langan, Sinéad M

Subjects
Humans, Dermatitis, Atopic, Prognosis, Phenotype, Research Design, Systematic Reviews as Topic, atopic dermatitis, classification, eczema, phenotype, Dermatitis, Atopic, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

IntroductionAtopic dermatitis is a complex disease with differing clinical presentations. Many attempts have been made to identify uniform subtypes, or phenotypes, of atopic dermatitis in order to identify different aetiologies, improve diagnosis, estimate more accurate clinical prognoses, inform treatment andmanagement or predict treatment efficacy andeffectiveness. However, no consensus yet exists on exactly what defines these phenotypes or how many there are and whether they are genuine or statistical artefacts. This review aims to identify previously reported phenotypes of atopic dermatitis, the features used to define them and any characteristics or clinical outcomes significantly associated with them.Methods and analysisWe will search Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science from inception to the latest available date at the time of the search for studies attempting to classify atopic dermatitis in humans using any cross-sectional or longitudinal epidemiological or interventional design. Primary outcomes are atopic dermatitis phenotypes, features used to define them and characteristics associated with them in subsequent analyses. A secondary outcome is the methodological approach used to derive them. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion, extract data and assess study quality. We will present the results of this review descriptively and with frequencies where possible.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study as it is a systematic review. We will report results from this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal. The main value of this study will be to inform further research.Prospero registration numberCRD42018087500.

Published
2018

14. Patient and health professional views on risk-stratified monitoring of immune-suppressing treatment in adults with inflammatory diseases

Author

Fuller, Amy, primary, Hancox, Jennie, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, Card, Tim, additional, Taal, Maarten W, additional, Aithal, Guruprasad P, additional, Fox, Christopher P, additional, Mallen, Christian D, additional, Maxwell, James R, additional, Bingham, Sarah, additional, Vedhara, Kavita, additional, and Abhishek, Abhishek, additional

Published
2024
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19. EczemaNet: Automating Detection and Severity Assessment of Atopic Dermatitis

Author

Pan, Kevin, Hurault, Guillem, Arulkumaran, Kai, Williams, Hywel C., Tanaka, Reiko J., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Liu, Mingxia, editor, Yan, Pingkun, editor, Lian, Chunfeng, editor, and Cao, Xiaohuan, editor

Published
2020
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23. Development and Validation of an Algorithm to Accurately Identify Atopic Eczema Patients in Primary Care Electronic Health Records from the UK

Author

Abuabara, Katrina, Magyari, Alexa M, Hoffstad, Ole, Jabbar-Lopez, Zarif K, Smeeth, Liam, Williams, Hywel C, Gelfand, Joel M, Margolis, David J, and Langan, Sinead M

Subjects
Health Services, Clinical Research, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Child, Databases, Factual, Dermatitis, Atopic, Electronic Health Records, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Dermatology & Venereal Diseases
Abstract

Electronic health records hold great promise for clinical and epidemiologic research. Undertaking atopic eczema (AE) research using such data is challenging because of its episodic and heterogeneous nature. We sought to develop and validate a diagnostic algorithm that identifies AE cases based on codes used for electronic records used in the UK Health Improvement Network. We found that at least one of five diagnosis codes plus two treatment codes for any skin-directed therapy were likely to accurately identify patients with AE. To validate this algorithm, a questionnaire was sent to the physicians of 200 randomly selected children and adults. The primary outcome, positive predictive value for a physician-confirmed diagnosis of AE, was 86% (95% confidence interval = 80-91). Additional criteria increased the PPV up to 95% but would miss up to 89% of individuals with physician-confirmed AE. The first and last entered diagnosis codes for individuals showed good agreement with the physician-confirmed age at onset and last disease activity; the mean difference was 0.8 years (95% confidence interval = -0.3 to 1.9) and -1.3 years (95% confidence interval = -2.5 to -0.1), respectively. A combination of diagnostic and prescription codes can be used to reliably estimate the diagnosis and duration of AE from The Health Improvement Network primary care electronic health records in the UK.

Published
2017

24. Online behavioural interventions for children and young people with eczema: a quantitative evaluation.

Author

Greenwell, Kate, Becque, Taeko, Sivyer, Katy, Steele, Mary, Denison-Day, James, Howells, Laura, Ridd, Matthew J, Roberts, Amanda, Lawton, Sandra, Langan, Sinéad M, Hooper, Julie, Wilczynska, Sylvia, Griffiths, Gareth, Sach, Tracey H, Little, Paul, Williams, Hywel C, Thomas, Kim S, Yardley, Lucy, Muller, Ingrid, and Santer, Miriam

Subjects
YOUNG adults, ECZEMA, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, PARENTS
Abstract

Background: Two online behavioural interventions (one website for parents/carers of children with eczema; and one for young people with eczema) have been shown in randomised controlled trials to facilitate a sustained improvement in eczema severity. Aim: To describe intervention use and examine potential mediators of intervention outcomes and contextual factors that may influence intervention delivery and outcomes. Design and setting: Quantitative process evaluation in UK primary care. Method: Parents/carers and young people were recruited through primary care. Intervention use was recorded and summarised descriptively. Logistic regression explored sociodemographic and other factors associated with intervention engagement. Mediation analysis investigated whether patient enablement (ability to understand and cope with health issues), treatment use, and barriers to adherence were mediators of intervention effect. Subgroup analysis compared intervention effects among pre-specified participant subsets. Results: A total of 340 parents/carers and 337 young people were recruited. Most parents/carers (87%, n = 148/171) and young people (91%, n = 153/168) in the intervention group viewed the core introduction by 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, users had spent approximately 20 minutes on average on the interventions. Among parents/carers, greater intervention engagement was associated with higher education levels, uncertainty about carrying out treatments, and doubts about treatment efficacy at baseline. Among young people, higher intervention use was associated with higher baseline eczema severity. Patient enablement (the ability to understand and cope with health issues) accounted for approximately 30% of the intervention effect among parents/carers and 50% among young people. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that positive intervention outcomes depended on a modest time commitment from users. This provides further support that the wider implementation of Eczema Care Online is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

25. How to use the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema Core Outcome Set for atopic dermatitis trials: a users' guide.

Author

Thomas, Kim S, Howells, Laura, Leshem, Yael A, Simpson, Eric L, Apfelbacher, Christian, Spuls, Phyllis I, Gerbens, Louise A A, Jacobson, Michael E, Katoh, Norito, Williams, Hywel C, and Stuart, Beth L

Subjects
ATOPIC dermatitis, ECZEMA, MEDICAL research personnel, SAMPLE size (Statistics), CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Background The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has agreed upon the Core Outcome Set (COS) for use in atopic dermatitis (AD) clinical trials, but additional guidance is needed to maximize its uptake. Objectives To provide answers to some of the commonly asked questions about using the HOME COS; to provide data to help with the interpretation of trial results; and to support sample size calculations for future trials. Methods and results We provide practical guidance on the use of the HOME COS for investigators planning clinical trials in patients with AD. It answers some of the common questions about using the HOME COS, how to access the outcome measurement instruments, what training/resources are needed to use them appropriately and clarifies when the COS is applicable. We also provide exemplar data to inform sample size calculations for eczema trials and encourage standardized data collection and reporting of the COS. Conclusions By encouraging adoption of the COS and facilitating consistent reporting of outcome data, it is hoped that the results of eczema trials will be more comprehensive and readily combined in meta-analyses and that patient care will subsequently be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies.

Author

Abhishek, Abhishek, Stevenson, Matthew D, Nakafero, Georgina, Grainge, Matthew J, Evans, Ian, Alabas, Oras, Card, Tim, Taal, Maarten W, Aithal, Guruprasad P, Fox, Christopher P, Mallen, Christian D, Windt, Danielle A van der, Riley, Richard D, Warren, Richard B, and Williams, Hywel C

Subjects
BLOOD testing, TERMINATION of treatment, QUALITY-adjusted life years, HUMAN abnormalities, COST effectiveness
Abstract

Background There is no evidence base to support the use of 6-monthly monitoring blood tests for the early detection of liver, blood and renal toxicity during established anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) treatment. Objectives To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of anti-TNFα treatment cessation owing to liver, blood and renal side-effects, and to estimate the cost-effectiveness of alternate intervals between monitoring blood tests. Methods A secondary care-based retrospective cohort study was performed. Data from the British Association of Dermatologists Biologic and Immunomodulators Register (BADBIR) were used. Patients with at least moderate psoriasis prescribed their first anti-TNFα treatment were included. Treatment discontinuation due to a monitoring blood test abnormality was the primary outcome. Patients were followed-up from start of treatment to the outcome of interest, drug discontinuation, death, 31 July 2021 or up to 5 years, whichever came first. The incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of anti-TNFα discontinuation with monitoring blood test abnormality was calculated. Multivariate Cox regression was used to examine the association between risk factors and outcome. A mathematical model evaluated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with increasing the length of time between monitoring blood tests during anti-TNFα treatment. Results The cohort included 8819 participants [3710 (42.1%) female, mean (SD) age 44.76 (13.20) years] that contributed 25 058 person-years (PY) of follow-up and experienced 125 treatment discontinuations owing to a monitoring blood test abnormality at an IR of 5.85 (95% CI 4.91–6.97)/1000 PY. Of these, 64 and 61 discontinuations occurred within the first year and after the first year of treatment start, at IRs of 8.62 (95% CI 6.74–11.01) and 3.44 (95% CI 2.67–4.42)/1000 PY, respectively. Increasing age (in years), diabetes and liver disease were associated with anti-TNFα discontinuation after a monitoring blood test abnormality [adjusted hazard ratios of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01–1.04), 1.68 (95% CI 1.00–2.81) and 2.27 (95% CI 1.26–4.07), respectively]. Assuming a threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained, no monitoring was most cost-effective, but all extended periods were cost-effective vs. 3- or 6-monthly monitoring. Conclusions Anti-TNFα drugs were uncommonly discontinued owing to abnormal monitoring blood tests after the first year of treatment. Extending the duration between monitoring blood tests was cost-effective. Our results produce evidence for specialist society guidance to reduce patient monitoring burden and healthcare costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment on COVID-19 vaccine response in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial

Author

Abhishek, Abhishek, primary, Peckham, Nicholas, additional, Pade, Corinna, additional, Gibbons, Joseph M, additional, Cureton, Lucy, additional, Francis, Anne, additional, Barber, Vicki, additional, Williams, Jennifer A E, additional, Appelbe, Duncan, additional, Eldridge, Lucy, additional, Julier, Patrick, additional, Altmann, Daniel M, additional, Bluett, James, additional, Brooks, Tim, additional, Coates, Laura C, additional, Rombach, Ines, additional, Semper, Amanda, additional, Otter, Ashley, additional, Valdes, Ana M, additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, Boyton, Rosemary J, additional, McKnight, Áine, additional, Cook, Jonathan A, additional, Pande, Ira, additional, Tang, Ting Seng, additional, Tran, Gui, additional, Layton, Alison, additional, Price, Elizabeth, additional, Whittam, Lindsay, additional, Venkatachalam, Srinivasan, additional, Huws, Gwenan, additional, Pratt, Arthur, additional, Reynolds, Nick J, additional, Youngstein, Taryn, additional, Walsh, David A, additional, Joseph, Theresa, additional, Mathew, Rengi, additional, Oikonomou, Stamatios, additional, Gwynne, Catherine, additional, Crowder, Rory, additional, Saravanan, Vadivelu, additional, Mustafa, Alaa, additional, Tacu, Cristina, additional, George, Emmanuel, additional, Batty, Thomas, additional, Soni, Anushka, additional, Horton, Sarah, additional, Gaffney, Karl, additional, Gullick, Nicola, additional, Lapin, Agnieszka, additional, Bingham, Sarah, additional, Madan, Ayesha, additional, Holroyd, Chris, additional, Lwin, May, additional, Khalid, Salema, additional, Green, Mike, additional, Hunt, Laura, additional, Alcorn, Nicola, additional, Ellis, Rob, additional, Hider, Samantha, additional, Hassan, Ala, additional, Douglas, Karen, additional, Ho, Gen Nen, additional, Levasseur, Kirsty, additional, Pradeep, John, additional, Rhys-Dillon, Ceril, additional, and Jones, Catrin, additional

Published
2023
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32. Discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha treatment owing to blood test abnormalities, and cost-effectiveness of alternate blood monitoring strategies

Author

Abhishek, Abhishek, primary, Stevenson, Matthew D, additional, Nakafero, Georgina, additional, Grainge, Matthew J, additional, Evans, Ian, additional, Alabas, Oras, additional, Card, Tim, additional, Taal, Maarten W, additional, Aithal, Guruprasad P, additional, Fox, Christopher P, additional, Mallen, Christian D, additional, van der Windt, Danielle A, additional, Riley, Richard D, additional, Warren, Richard B, additional, and Williams, Hywel C, additional

Published
2023
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33. Evidence to practice – lessons learnt in developing an implementation strategy for an online digital health intervention (Eczema Care Online)

Author

Howells, Laura, primary, Thomas, Kim S, additional, Santer, Miriam, additional, Muller, Ingrid, additional, Greenwell, Kate, additional, Roberts, Amanda, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, Harvey, Jane, additional, Lax, Stephanie J, additional, Rogers, Natasha K, additional, Sach, Tracey H, additional, Lawton, Sandra, additional, Steele, Mary, additional, Sivyer, Katy, additional, Hooper, Julie, additional, Ahmed, Amina, additional, Wilczynska, Sylvia, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, and Leighton, Paul, additional

Published
2023
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34. Comparison of lotions, creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of childhood eczema: the BEE RCT

Author

Ridd, Matthew J, primary, Wells, Sian, additional, MacNeill, Stephanie J, additional, Sanderson, Emily, additional, Webb, Douglas, additional, Banks, Jonathan, additional, Sutton, Eileen, additional, Shaw, Alison RG, additional, Wilkins, Zoe, additional, Clayton, Julie, additional, Roberts, Amanda, additional, Garfield, Kirsty, additional, Liddiard, Lyn, additional, Barrett, Tiffany J, additional, Lane, J Athene, additional, Baxter, Helen, additional, Howells, Laura, additional, Taylor, Jodi, additional, Hay, Alastair D, additional, Williams, Hywel C, additional, Thomas, Kim S, additional, and Santer, Miriam, additional

Published
2023
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35. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 4. Prevention of disease flares and use of adjunctive therapies and approaches.

Author

Sidbury, Robert, Tom, Wynnis L, Bergman, James N, Cooper, Kevin D, Silverman, Robert A, Berger, Timothy G, Chamlin, Sarah L, Cohen, David E, Cordoro, Kelly M, Davis, Dawn M, Feldman, Steven R, Hanifin, Jon M, Krol, Alfons, Margolis, David J, Paller, Amy S, Schwarzenberger, Kathryn, Simpson, Eric L, Williams, Hywel C, Elmets, Craig A, Block, Julie, Harrod, Christopher G, Smith Begolka, Wendy, and Eichenfield, Lawrence F

Subjects
Humans, Dermatitis, Atopic, Hypersensitivity, Immunosuppressive Agents, Dermatologic Agents, Evidence-Based Medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, aeroallergens, allergy testing, atopic dermatitis, calcineurin inhibitors, complementary therapy, corticosteroids, diet, education, flare, food allergy, topicals, Prevention, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, Skin, Clinical Sciences, Dermatology & Venereal Diseases
Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic inflammatory dermatosis that can affect all age groups. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. In this final section, treatments for flare prevention and adjunctive and complementary therapies and approaches are reviewed. Suggestions on use are given based on available evidence.

Published
2014

37. Are Environmental Factors for Atopic Eczema in ISAAC Phase Three due to Reverse Causation?

Author

Aït-Khaled, N., Anderson, H.R., Asher, M.I., Beasley, R., Björkstén, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., García-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C.K.W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E.A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C.F., Stewart, A.W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S.K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H.C., Wong, G., Clayton, T.O., Ellwood, E., Baena-Cagnani, C.E., Gómez, M., Howitt, M.E., Weyler, J., Pinto-Vargas, R., Petrolera de Salud, Caja, Cunha, A.J. D.A., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L.A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y.-Z., Kunii, O., Pan, Q. Li, Zhong, N.-S., Aristizábal, G., Cepeda, A.M., Ordoñez, G.A., Bustos, C., Riikjärv, M.-A., Melaku, K., Sa’aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I.E., Novák, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N.M., Jain, K.C., Joshi, M.K., Mantri, S.N., Pherwani, A.V., Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S.K., Singh, V., Sukumaran, T., Suresh Babu, P.S., Kartasasmita, C.B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M.R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B.N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J.A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B.S., Teh, K.H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragán-Meijueiro, M., Del-Río-Navarro, B.E., García-Almaráz, R., González-Díaz, S.N., Linares-Zapién, F.J., Merida-Palacio, J.V., Ramírez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I., Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B.O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Brêborowicz, A., Solé, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V., Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C.K., Lee, B.W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., Rutter, Charlotte E., Silverwood, Richard J., Williams, Hywel C., Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2019
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39. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) implementation roadmap

Author

Leshem, Yael A, primary, Simpson, Eric L, additional, Apfelbacher, Christian, additional, Spuls, Phyllis I, additional, Thomas, Kim S, additional, Schmitt, Jochen, additional, Howells, Laura, additional, Gerbens, Louise A A, additional, Jacobson, Michael E, additional, Katoh, Norito, additional, and Williams, Hywel C, additional

Published
2023
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42. Prise en charge de la dermatite atopique chez les nourrissons

Author

Whalen-Browne, Anna, Williams, Hywel C., and Chu, Derek K.

Subjects
Dermatology -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions, Dermatologic agents, Pimecrolimus, Health
Abstract

1 Chez les nourrissons, la dermatite atopique touche generalement les joues, le tronc et les surfaces convexes des membres L'atteinte classique aux zones de la flexion peut ne se manifester [...]

Published
2023
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47. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Hay, Simon I, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adedeji, Isaac A, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkaabi, Juma M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Maskari, Fatma, AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Althouse, Benjamin M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asgedom, Solomon W, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Awasthi, Shally, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, Azzopardi, Peter, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bannick, Marlena S, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Battista, Robert, Battle, Katherine E, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Blyth, Fiona M, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bose, Dipan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brainin, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Briant, Paul S, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair R, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Felix, Casey, Daniel, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castle, Chris D, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, Honglei, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Colombara, Danny, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cooper, Cyrus, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Cross, Marita, Crump, John A, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dalal, Koustuv, Damasceno, Albertino, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Steur, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Dicker, Daniel, Djalainia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorsey, E Ray, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebel, Beth E, Echko, Michelle, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshetie, Setegn, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Farag, Tamer, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Franklin, Richard C, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W, Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gillum, Richard F, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Goel, Kashish, Goenka, Shifalika, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gosselin, Richard A, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gupta, Rahul, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Haro, Josep Maria, Harun, Kimani M, Harvey, James, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, James, Peter, Jassal, Simerjot K, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karam, Nadim E, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Angela, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Mapoma, Chabila C, March, Lyn M, Marczak, Laurie B, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Paulo Henrique Viegas, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mitchell, Philip B, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Muktar Sano Kedir, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Mueller, Ulrich O, Muller, Kate, Murdoch, Michele E, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nangia, Vinay, Nasher, Jamal T, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negasa, Dumessa Edessa, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, O'Donnell, Martin J, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osborne, Richard H, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E, Panda, Basant Kumar, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patil, Snehal T, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez, Krystle Marie, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie Beth, Petri, William Arthur, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Phipps, Geoffrey, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Piradov, Michael A, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nikolas, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Robinson, Stephen R, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salama, Joseph, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, João Vasco, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Jayendra, She, Jun, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Siabani, Soraya, Sibai, Abla Mehio, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soljak, Michael, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Stovner, Lars Jacob, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Takala, Jukka S, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Hugh R, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Theadom, Alice M, Theis, Andrew M, Thomas, Katie E, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Robert, Thrift, Amanda G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach Xuan, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tymeson, Hayley, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Violante, Francesco S, Vishnu, Abhishek, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Williams, Hywel C, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Woolf, Anthony D, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yihdego, Mahari Gidey, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhang, Xueying, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2017
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48. Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial

Author

Adams, J, Akhras, V, Anstey, A, Barnard, C, Bell, H, Blackford, S, Bröcker, E, Carmichael, A, Coelho, R R, Craig, F, Davies, K, Ellis, R, English, J, Gläser, R, Groves, R, Günthert, C, Hampton, P J, Hepburn, N, Hügel, R, Hussain, K, Ingram, J, Layton, A M, Levell, N J, Lewis, V, Malhomme, H, Omerod, A, Patel, G, Rallan, R, Ravenscroft, J, Santander, H, Steinbrink, K, Sticherling, M, Thomas, C, Vatve, M, van Beek, N, Venning, V, Veysey, E, Wachsmuth, R, Wahie, S, Walker, B, Walsh, M, Wee, J, Westmoreland, M, Wong, G, Ferguson, Adam, Verpetinske, Indre, Duarte-Williamson, Emilia, Antony, Fiona, Bower, Chris, Gawkrodger, David, Taghipour, Kathy, Dunnill, M G S, Waters, Alex, Bottomley, Walter, Wright, Andrew, Sterling, Jane, Azam, Adzura, Gibbs, Sam, Luger, Thomas, Salvary, Ingrid, Lovell, Chris, Ilchyshyn, Andrew, Gibbon, Karen, Nik, Marinella, Charles-Holmes, Robert, Lavery, A Lloyd, Williams, Hywel C, Wojnarowska, Fenella, Kirtschig, Gudula, Mason, James, Godec, Thomas R, Schmidt, Enno, Chalmers, Joanne R, Childs, Margaret, Walton, Shernaz, Harman, Karen, Chapman, Anna, Whitham, Diane, and Nunn, Andrew J

Published
2017
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